Art Contemporary entshukumo: inkcazelo, iimpawu abameli. art entshukumo kwisiqingatha sesibini kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini

art entshukumo - icala bokuzoba, nto leyo wabonakala kuqala kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, xa bemeko- kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ifuna ngokwam into entsha, yaye, ekugqibeleni, wafunyanwa. Ebonakalisa ngokwayo kwi sculpture zeplastiki kunye bokwakha. Eli nqaku liza kujonga yintoni na entshukumo kwenkulungwane yama-20, oko ikufumeneyo isicelo yayo kamva, imvelaphi yakhe, uphuhliso, kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi.

Imvelaphi yegama

Isandi ilizwi, kubalulekile - nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ingafunyanwa inkcazo, term esitsha ngaphambili unknown kuphela podsmotrev oko izichazi-magama, kodwa ufumanise imvelaphi. Kulo mzekelo, igama elithi "ubugcisa entshukumo" izalana ngokusondeleyo igama lesiGrike elithi "kinetikos" - ". Lowo osebenzisa intshukumo" Ngoko nangoko sikhunjuzwa esebeni of physics "yeefom", apho, njengoko siyazi, kananjalo ukufunda inkqubo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto zobugcisa entshukumo - Nokukhuza ukubunjwa,-ntathu, oqingqiweyo kunye / okanye bokwakha. Ibhekisela bokubeka avant-garde. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ubugcisa entshukumo, weva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Ukuvela indlela entsha

Xa eko zenkulungwane lokugqibela, uVladimir Evgrafovich Tatlin, uvulindlela yobugcisa entshukumo, wakha umfuziselo inqaba ende International yesiThathu.

Ngowe-1931, ngelo xesha uAleksandr Kolder omncinane-eyaziwa wadala wobugcisa lwakhe lokuqala uyilo wire odumileyo, eziqhutywa yi-mafutha xa uncedo kunokwenzeka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezaqanjwa zakhe ziye zakhula, wenza uthotho imisebenzi yobugcisa phantsi kwegama "mobiles".

Njengoko uMdali le lwasekhaya kwakunye ubungqondi ukusuka kwelinye izwekazi waba injongo enye: ukuphefumla imikrolo ubomi obutsha, bathi hayi indalo yayo emile, ukoyisa ngaphakathi yesiko ukuvumela ukuba basebenzisane ngcono kunye nokusingqongileyo. Le Movement ukuba unxulumano phakathi wobugcisa kunye nehlabathi.

Ukusungula amasiko ezintsha

Xa gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngomzobi French kunye enye ingcali yale art Nikolya Shoffer, kwakunye lomculi Argentina Julio Le Parc abanama- ngenqindi phantsi nokumisela imithetho emitsha kwaye uphendule imibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni na ubugcisa entshukumo.

Bobabini efuna ukudlulisela ngomoya ezaqanjwa wakhe kweyisa ngexesha revolution lwezobuchwepheshe yaye zisetyenziselwa le njongo amanene, impembelelo enombala kunye ive. Enyanisweni, oku kuchazwe into yokuba umsebenzi wabo itshintshileyo kumanqanaba ezininzi: ngoomatshini (isakhiwo, imilo), ezibonwayo (umbala, ukukhanya kunye ithunzi) kunye nesandi (kwesitiriyo okanye mono).

iindlela Bright zahlukahlukene kakhulu ngqo ifaniswe ukuya ezichaphazela ixesha uye sho liyabonakala. Ezona mpawu ziphambili i-revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, uthsintsho yayo, amandla negunya - loo mazwi zobugcisa entshukumo kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yama-20.

ukwanda

Xa gqira, ukusasazeka zobugcisa entshukumo ifikelele incopho yayo. Malunga nelo xesha, wabonakala nje igama lo mkhuba, nesetyenziswa namhlanje. Yena ngoko nangoko babamba iingqondo zabantu, ukusuka eYurophu ukuya eMelika. Entshukumo US kunye nobugcisa yaseYurophu zadityaniswa omnye - yiko bazama ukuba neenjongo ezifanayo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye athe wabonakala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Naum Gabo: Russian-American jiang-garde

igcisa Russian kunye American Naum Gabo wazisa ifomula yaso ebomini nobugcisa, yokuyibala omnye komnye. amacandelo azo, kwakunye isiseko, isiseko apho kufuneka yakhiwe, wabiza ixesha kunye nendawo.

Gabo akazange bathathe yobumbaxa; yayo ukwakheka imodeli wobugcisa edalwe iimilo ezilula zejometri. "Iintlobo virtual" zakhe zaba kakhulu ubugcisa owayephila entshukumo. Ngubani wayecinga ukuba kunyuka iipleyiti zesinyithi liqulathe intsingiselo enzulu aze avakalise ukuba era amandla!

Renewal le nto

Masters zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ngokufuthi basebenzisa Iimoto zombane ukuze avuselele lo mba zibambene. Kodwa hayi kuphela indlela. Njengoko ngokunjalo ngenxa revolution lwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, iinkqubo emzimbeni bayinto nje yesifundo, kodwa njengendlela yokuphumeza iinjongo, oku ayikhange bayicezele ubugcisa. Buchopho behlabathi baye imijelo yamanzi, umoya, amandla emhlabeni.

Ngaloo amazing disks ye Marcel Duchamp zafunyanwa - sisincoko oko umdla, kunye Zhan Tengli ukusungulwa ekudalweni engqondweni yakho ngokwenyani - iindlela hayi kuphela kuqhube self-, kodwa othambekele-kwintshabalalo, yapapashwa anezandi ezifanayo - umculo yokuqala. Umbhali mthombo odumileyo Stravinsky waqokelela kubo ezilahliweyo mveliso zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Konke oku kukhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba omnye ecace ngokukodwa entshukumo Art - iintlobo ngeentlobo nokusetyenziswa izinto ezingaqhelekanga ekuyileni iimpembelelo ezizodwa.

Yokucinga abupheli

art entshukumo - yinto entsha eqongeni, kodwa akukho ndlela nayiphi na indawo reference okanye indawo ekuyiwa kuyo. ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo yenza ingcamango ezibetha imibala ezintsha, kuzo ezoyikekayo. Abameli art entshukumo baye babe yinxalenye yembali yayo - ukusuka Rodchenko ukuya Euchre. Ukufunwa kule endle zikhokelele kwinto yokuba kinematizm bafumana ukusetyenziswa hayi kuphela sculpture kunye bokwakha. art entshukumo yokudweba uye wabizwa woqondo yaye ngokuthe ngcembe similise i "op-ubugcisa".

babebona Visual Art op

Intshukumo in ukupeyinta wabonakalisa uphawu le fomu art - kuphela abangaboniyo, kumgangatho ienjini. Emva kokuba op-art esekelwe babebona ezibonwayo - xa abantu bacinga ukuba isithuba kwaye Mba zitshintshiwe. Noko ke, apha kwakhona ukufezekisa ziphumo zinqwenelekayo, yiko kwafuneka ukuba usebenzise ulwazi lwezenzululwazi - ukudlala izinto ngokwasengqondweni-komzimba ezibangela ukuba kumboniseli ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni ukuba ufike. Yaye umphumo kubonakala ngakumbi, lo emangalisa imveliso eyiyo static. Nguwo lo ke umahluko ophambili phakathi op art yobuciko yemveli entshukumo.

ezicacileyo zobuhle

abakroli Kineticist waphila mba, amagcisa - isithuba. Ujula kwaye ngokwenza ngemibala ezahlukeneyo, akhokelela uhlobo oluthile ihlabathi efihliweyo kwi ngelaphu, kodwa ethile ngaphakathi. Oku kufana emngxunyeni, apho kanye eDikeni Iwile, ezama ukulibala kunye umvundla. A imvakalelo entsha indlela bayalala, kwaye endibafuduse kwi amaphupha kakhulu mfihlakalo. Yiloo nto abanamava nyaka amathandathu-yesihlanu kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, iindwendwe kulo mboniso "I Ukukhathalela Eye" yi Egemen, DeMarco et al., yavula iphepha elitsha kwimbali yokudweba.

Imisebenzi yokuqala babulawa in black and white - i wizard bazama izandla zabo uhlobo entsha zobugcisa kuphela. Ngapha koko, ekugqibeleni, kinematizmu igunya phezu yonke into - oko utshabalalisa umda. It owuthanda, kodwa uyoyika, kakhulu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba amagcisa Bamnyathela ngononophelo, ukufunda iindlela ezintsha, ukutsala ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ngoku ke op-art, kwelinye icala, ubonakala kakhulu ngokucacileyo, abangasekhoyo umahluko, ukuxuba nzima ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo ezinqwenelekayo.

Elements of neentshukumo lwemveli

Folk art, abantu abaninzi ungaziva abandichasayo mihla. Ngandlel 'ithile, Kakade ukuba ninyanisile, ngokuba lwemveli - ke memory yokugcina inkcubeko besizwe kunye nobugcisa owayephila - ukudaleka inkcubeko khona ngoku. Kodwa ethetha kinetism, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo sithi ukuba izinto intsontelo nemiba ufikelela ixesha elide, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, nangona ibhola kunye wabonwa kwaye untangled kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Izinto zokudlala eyabangela ukuba wenza yesandla seengcibi ukusuka kummandla Arkhangelsk - Ekuthwaseni sayo Kineticism. Nguye kwinkcubeko Russian wazibonakalisa ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezu kanye kweli nqaku ekubhekiselwe kwiindawo ezimbini kakhulu - Melika kunye eSoviet Union, apho kwakukho abaninzi leyo lweenkobe.

Kuphuhliso lwezobuGcisa entshukumo kwi-USSR

Utitshala lokwenene inkosi yobugcisa bakhe iqela "intshukumo" - ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba ekuqaleni inkokeli yabo, Leo Nusberga, yakhuthaza (nceda uxolele tautology) zobugcisa entshukumo kwi izihlwele Soviet.

"Movement" watshutshiswa ngenxa yokuba semva qela weza ulwazi kangangoko esingathanda. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, igama labo wahlala phezu kwimbali amaphepha Kineticism, kwaye khumbula nabo kwindawo yokuqala, ethetha ukuba, athe wabonakala njani kwi USSR.

Xa gqira le wamashumi amabini "Movement" Ngenkulungwane acwangcisiweyo yaye wathabatha inxaxheba eziliqela ngasese kunye nemiboniso esemthethweni. Le abafana Abankwantyanga ukuba kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu-isikali - kwaye ke wazalwa ingcamango isixeko "Makropolis" elizayo lwekamva.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba "intshukumo" ngokucacileyo uwaphule yonke imida, bafumana nemiyalelo karhulumente, ezifana imvume iLeningrad ukuya kumhla we-Oktobha Revolution. Umboniso Group wenza yokwenza, imidlalo kumabala emidlalo, isekisi stsenogrammy kinematic.

Ngelishwa, esinye isizathu sokuba "intshukumo" kancinane eyaziwayo, ukuba iqela ukuphazamiseka akholisa ukubakho, kwaye ekugqibeleni ezahlulwe kwiqela lakhe elitsha, kodwa kufutshane iintsingiselo yee- zaqala ukuncipha udumo.

art Contemporary kinetic

imisebenzi kwikinetiki zobugcisa kube kwiqondo eliphezulu nobuhle, kuba isoloko isetyenziswa uhombiso ukuze abhalise ezithile. Elements lengoma ihamba kunokuba kuba imiboniso ngokupheleleyo, kunye zayo. zisetyenziswa ukubonakaliswa zobugcisa imisitho yoluntu (umz, SMME), kuyilo iipaki, amaziko zeentengiso, izikwere kunye njalo njalo.

Xa kinetism abanjalo kusetyenzwa ngokusondeleyo ne-op-art - kutshanje babebona ezibonwayo namandla ukutshintsha yokukhanyisa isandi sestiriyo neziphumo.

Yiloo nto ke ubugcisa entshukumo zeli xesha langoku sinokuthi ukuba kusoloko ngakumbi esetyenziselwa iinjongo zolonwabo. Ekubeni xesha inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa, yona ukubonakalisa, sele kudlule, yaye siye angena ubudala itheknoloji yeenkcukacha, uthungelwano zentlalo kunye Internet, kufuneka indlela entsha eza baveze zesizukulwana sangoku ukucinga umgaqo thina. Kunjalo Kineticism imisebenzi iinkosi ezikhulu ayaziwa kwaye kuluhlu exineneyo, kwaye zithandwa kwi ngokubanzi. Nabani na ukufunda ngakumbi Mobile, kunye izakhiwo ezintle Soto, kwaye incarnation uyilo lwe-isikali - zonke ezi zinto zaye abadalelwanga nje ukutsala ingqalelo, kodwa kwakukho njengesipili kwisizukulwana.