Ukuphuhliswa kwensimu yegesi ye-Shtokman

Intsimi ye-gtokman ye-gas condensate ithathwa njengowona mkhulu kwihlabathi. Itholakala kuLwandle lwaseBarents, kummandla wamanzi aseRashiya.

Ulwazi olubanzi malunga nommandla

Insimu yaseSttokman ifumaneka kwisityuli kwindawo ephakathi kwendawo yokuLwandle lwase-East Barents. Iyadlula kwisikhokelo se-submeridional kwingingqi yamanxweme aseNtshona. Umhlaba omtsha. Ukuchithwa kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Oku kubangelwe kubukho bezinto ezidityanisiweyo: uLwandle lwaseMzantsi no-North Barents kunye neNansen. Zahlukaniswa ngamaphuzu enqila-i-saddles. Amanxweme asezantsi nakuma-kasentla ahlukaniswa yi-mega-delta. Kuquka i-3 ephezulu yokubeka i-shelf deposits - uLedovoye, Shtokmanovskoye kunye noLudlovsky. Okukugqibela ngokwemiqathango kubonwa njengenkulu. Iibini zokuqala zibhekwa njengeyodwa.

Ukufumanisa

Intsimi yeSttokman yafunyanwa ngowe-1981. Ngelo xesha iimeko ezinzima zokufunda nge-geophysical yeBarents-Kara yasetyenziswa. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngabaqeshwa be-Severomorneftegeofizika kwisitya sophando uPr-Shtokman. Ngenxa yoko igama leziko. Ukuqhutywa kwendawo yegesi ye-Shtokman yaqala ngo-1983. Iimithombo zokuqala zenziwe kwisitya "Valentin Shashin" kunye no "Victor Muravlenko". Ubunzulu bokuqala bokuhlola uphando lwangama-3153 m. Iifom zimbini zafunyanwa ngenxa yokubola.

Izibhedlele zamanzi

Intsimi yegesi ye-Shtokman itholakala kwi-550 km ukusuka eMurmansk (ukuya empuma-ntshona). Umhlaba osondeleyo ulunxweme olusentshonalanga yeNova Zemlya (300 km). Ubunzulu bomhlaba kule ndawo buvela kwi-320 ukuya kwi-340 m. Indawo yokugcina i-Shtokman ingama-3.94 trillion. M ³ . I-condensate ikhona kwi-56.1 yezigidi zeetoni. Isikhundla sabo singaphezulu kwe-8 m. Ukongeza, ihlabathi elincinci elincinci lixhaphake apha, elinobungakanani obuyi-4-24 m. Ngokweengcali, ukuchithwa kwendawo ngexesha lokusebenza kwebhasinini kwiminyaka eyi-15-25 kuya kubangela ukubunjwa kwindawo ephakathi kwemigodi, ubunzulu obuyiyo Ngaphantsi kwama-10 m.

Iiprojekthi zophuhliso

Ukuhlola nokuphuhliswa kwensimu yaseSttokman ngo-2002, kwakhiwa ishishini elikhethekileyo. Ilayisenisi yokuphuhlisa kude kube ngu-2018. Le nkampani yakhiwa nguGapprom noRosneft. Lo mva wathengisa isabelo sakhe kumlingani ngo-2004. Okwangoku, iGazpromneft-Shelf isebenza kwintsimi. Le projekthi yaphunyezwa ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano malunga nokuhlukana kwemveliso. Kwisigaba sokuqala, ukuveliswa kwacwangciswa kwi-bhiliyoni ezingama-22 m ³ / ngonyaka. Ezinye zezinto ezifunekayo kufuneka zichithwe kwimveliso yegesi ephosiweyo. Le mveliso yenzelwe ukuthunyelwa kwe-United States. Ngenawo. I-Teriberka, e-Kla Peninsula, kwakufuneka yakha isityalo kunye nesiphelo. Inkampani yolawulo ijolise ekutsaleni abatyalo-mali basemzini kwi-Shtokman. Kwacetywayo ukutshintshela ama-49% ezabelo zamanzi kwiinkampani ezinomdla. NgoSeptemba 2005, uluhlu lwaqulunqwa, olubandakanya amabhizinisi angaphandle kumazwe angaphandle-abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-consortium yokuphuhliswa kwintsimi. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kukaOktobha 2006, iGapprom yamemezela ukuba akukho namnye kubo owanikezele ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Kule nxu lumano, inkampani yasekhaya ihlale isetyenziswe ngumsebenzisi. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nokutshintshwa kwiplani yokutsala abatyali-mali basemzini, kwavela ukuba insimu yaseStkkman yayinqabile ixesha elide. Le meko yahlaselwa yimozulu ephezulu ye-Arctic, umgama omkhulu ukusuka kunxweme. Ukongezelela, ubunzulu obukhulu beemithombo zifuna ubugcisa obufanelekileyo bokuvelisa nokuthutha. Inkampani yasekhaya ayinaloo mathuba. Ngokutsho kwangaphambili, utyalo-mali oluyimfuneko kufuneka libe yi-dollar eyi-15-20 yezigidigidi. Kwimeko apho igumbi ligcwele amandla, umthamo wokuvelisa uya kuba yi-67 biliyoni m ³ / ngonyaka.

Isigaba esitsha

Phakathi noJulayi 2007, emva kwengxoxo yenxeba phakathi kukaSarkozy no-V. Putin, kwaziswa ukuba iqumrhu laseFransi lilonke liya kuba ngumlingani omtsha we-homepolist of Gazprom. Kwakucingelwa ukuba uya kufumana isigxina se-25%. I-24% eseleyo ingaya kwelinye iqabane elingaphandle. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba esi sigqibo siphumelele ekuphuculeni okubukhali ubudlelwane obuphakathi kweRashiya neFransi. I-24% yezabelo ezisele zihanjiswa kwinkampani evela eNorway StatoilHydro.

Ubunzima emsebenzini

Ukuphumeza iiprojekthi ezenziwe ngo-2008, i-Gazpromneft-Shelf yakhiwa, i-100% yayo inguGazprom. Ibhizinisi elitsha elitsha lonyulwe umsebenzisi wee-1st and 2nd phases of the development of the field. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2012, i-Gazprom kunye namaqabane angaphandle avumelana ngokumiswa kwexeshana kokuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso. Isizathu salo sigqibo sasiziindleko eziphezulu kakhulu kunye neeprojekthi ezintsha eziphuhlisayo zokuveliswa kwempahla eluhlaza. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, ukukhangela iindlela zokuphucula ukuphumelela kwesi sicwangciso saqala. Ngo-Oktobha 2012, uMongameli waseRashiya uthe kwakujoliswe ukugqiba isivumelwano malunga neprojekthi. UPerkov uthe ukwakhiwa kuza kuqala ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2017. Ukususela ngoDisemba 2012, iphrojekthi iphinde iqaliswe ekuphunyezweni. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2013, bekucetywayo ukuba ubambe ukhuphiswano ukucacisa umyili wezityalo ezizayo.

Ubume bezoqoqosho

Intsimi yeSttokman ithathwa njengenkunzi kakhulu. Oku kunzima kakhulu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphuhliswa kwayo. Kule nkalo, iinjongo eziphambili zeprojekthi, kunye nokuphumeza kwezinga eliphezulu zemveliso, zi:

1. Umthwalo wokutsalwa kotyalo-mali.
2. Ukwamkelwa okuqinisekisiwe kwezibonakaliso zeeprojekthi.
3. Isingeniso sokwenzeka ukuba wenze utshintsho kwilungiselelo ngexesha lokuqalisa ukusebenza.

Isisombululo salezi ngxaki sinokwenzeka xa kwenzeka, ngokutsho kweengcali, insimu yeStkkman iya kuphuhliswa kancane kancane. Kule nkalo, iprojekthi eyamkelweyo yokuphuhliswa kwintsimi inikezela ukwanda kwenyathelo-nge-nyathelo kumlinganiselo olinganayo kwizinto ezi-3 zesitya. Ngako oko, amanyathelo amathathu ahluke. Ngamnye wabo umele ukuqaliswa kwesitya esitsha: enye ipulatifomu - enye intambo yombhobho wegesi ophantsi kwamanzi - ezintathu iindlela zokuvelisa kwisityalo se-LNG (okanye umbhobho wegesi womhlaba). Emva kokufikelela kwisigaba sesithathu, umphumo uya kuqala ukufakwa kwiinkalo ezicetywayo. Ingeniso efunyenwe ngokuthengiswa kweemveliso kwinqanaba ngalinye inokubuyiswa kwakhona kwi-intuthuko elandelayo.

Ukuchaneka kolwandle lokuloba

Le ndawo yokuveliswa kwegesi ngokwemali yayo yemali-mali-mali namhlanje isesikhundla esiphambili. I-akhawunti yokuloba elwandle malunga ne-48% yazo zonke iimali-mali ekuphuhlisweni kwesitya. Ubungakanani bemisa kunye nezinye iimpawu zale nkqubo zinempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wegesi kunye neprojekthi yokuvelisa kwi-field Shtokman.

Izixhobo

Into ephambili yezobuchwepheshe kwintlangano yokuloba elwandle kule ndawo yipulatifomu engqineki elineqhwa. Yenzelwe ukuloba ngokufanayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamacwecwe kwisiza seendawo zokuhlala. Izinketho ezinokwenzeka ziquka iiplatifomu ezifana ne-SPAR ne-TLP. Kwiziko ngalinye licwangciselwe ukufakela isisombululo esisetyenziswayo sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuganda, iiyunithi zobuchwephesha zokulungiselela ukulungiswa kwegesi. Oku kulandelayo kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwesigaba esisodwa sezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nombhobho omkhulu. Izinga leprojekthi lemveliso lifezekiswa ngokufaka iiplatifti ezintathu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwintsimi yaseShittokman. Ngamnye kubo unondliwa ngeendlela ezintathu ezifanelekileyo. Le projekthi ithatha ulwabiwo olufanayo kuyo yonke indawo yentsimi. Isicwangciso ngasinye sidibanisa nezixhobo zonxweme ngepayipi enye. Ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka nokukhusela ukungaphumeleli ekusebenzeni kwayo yonke inkqubo, zonke iindawo zixhunyiwe ngeeyilethi zongeziweyo.

Isiphelo

Uphando lwensimu ye-Shtokman idinga, ngokungathandabuzeki, imali enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwayo luya kubonelela ngokubaluleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngonyaka. Idiphozithi ikhona kwindawo engakuhlekanga. Umsebenzi weprojekthi ukulungiselela ukwandisa iindleko. Ukuphuhliswa kokugqibela kwintsimi kuya kusombulula iingxaki ezininzi, zifumane iimali eziyimfuneko zokubuyisela imali. Okubaluleke kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zabalingani bamazwe angaphandle.