Alfred Garrievich Shnitke: biography, ubuchule

Alfred Schnittke, engobomi kunye nobuchule eza achazwe kweli nqaku, kwaba kuphela umqambi enkulu, kodwa kananjalo musicologist kunye notitshala. Le ndoda omkhulu indishiye uphawu olukhulu kwimbali, njengoko kunjalo indalo wakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Umqambi eSoviet kwaye Russian yi Alfred Garrievich Shnitke. ngobomi bakhe ifundwa zonke izikolo zomculo ehlabathini. Wazalwa ngo-1934 kwidolophu Engels usapho iVolga amaJamani. Kananjalo iingcambu zamaYuda. Uyise umqambi wazalelwa Frankfurt am Main. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-13 ubudala, lo mfana wafudukela kunye nabazali bakhe eMoscow. 16 ubudala, waphinda watshintsha likhaya layo bafudukela Pokrovsky, apho waqalisa ukusebenza njenge intatheli. Abazali bakhe bahlala kwikomkhulu.

unina umqambi, uMariya losifovna Vogel, wazalelwa kwilali Kamenka. Abazali bakhe baba bezithanga, abaphambukeli abavela eJamani. Ngexesha lemfazwe, uyise umqambi elizayo kwakusithiwa ngaphambili. Alfred kunye umninawa wakhe omncinane wathunyelwa eMoscow olo sana. Umama kunye notata yimvumi ukuthetha omnye komnye in German. Abantwana afunda ngayo. Kodwa kamva baqala ukuthetha nomama wakhe isiJamani, kodwa uyise kwi-Russian. Umculo we Alfred Schnittke waqala kweminyaka eli-11.

Nxi ezalandela

Emva kwemfazwe, umqambi elizayo kunye nentsapho yakhe bafudukela eVienna. Uyise wathunyelwa le nkonzo. Kwaba apho ngowe-1946, Alfred Schnittke waqalisa imfundo yakhe zomculo. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva usapho wabuyela eRashiya. Bahlala amadlelo. Ngowe-1958, Schnittke waphumelela Conservatory kwiklasi ekwakhiweni, yaye kungekudala isidanga. Ngo-1961 waqalisa ukufundisa. Kwiminyaka 70 holo engundoqo ukubhala umculo iifilimu.

Ngowe-1990, Alfred Garrievich kunye nomfazi kunye nonyana wakhe ukuya eJamani. De kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe umqambi alinayo nayiphi na imisebenzi yoyilo, nangona ubunzima imivumbo ezintathu. Wayefundisa, babhala umculo. Alfred Schnittke wafa e Hamburg, Agasti 3, 1998. Yena wangcwatyelwa eMoscow. Umqambi lawongwa ngebhaso kunye isihloko "Makazizukise Umculi RSFSR". Ngaye, iidotyhumentari eziliqela ziye iyaqhutywa. Umculo ngu Alfred Schnittke luphawulwa ezichazayo, isikali, ukujula.

usapho

kuba umqambi omkhulu Alfred Schnittke biography hayi ngokupheleleyo ukuba bendingafuni ukuba ibali yentsapho yakhe. Alfred Garrievich wayetshatile kabini. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala Galina Koltsov. Ngayo, umqambi akazange aphile ixesha elide. Umfazi wesibini ka-Alfred Schnittke yaba piyano Irina Kataeva. Nditshatile kunye umqambi nonyana wakhe Andrew. Ukwazisa amaqabane elizayo kwenzeka xa umfundi Alfred Irene Garrievich. umtshato wabo uvuyo. Nge Irina K. Schnittke waphila de ukufa kwakhe.

Imisebenzi edume

Umqambi Shnitke A. G. ubhale iqela elikhulu imisebenzi, ziphakathi apho Symphonic, kwegumbi, yeqonga, umculo weekwayara, bathetha zomculo.

Uluhlu imisebenzi zibalaseleyo:

• Opera "Ukuphila ne lesi silima".
• Ballet "Peer Gynt".
• Opera "Gesualdo".
• Stage elithi "Yellow Sound".
• Choreographic ayenalo "Imizobo".
• Opera "I Elinanye Umyalelo".
• "Labyrinths" ballet.

nezinye yobuciko

Alfred Schnittke, ogama engobomi inikwa kweli nqaku umbhali le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Symphony.
• Pianissimo.
• Gogol Suite.
• "Isiko".
• Sonata for violin kunye negumbi okhestra.
• Suite e Old Style.
• "Voices of Nature" (umsebenzi ababhinqileyo amazwi kunye vibraphone).
• Madrigals ezintathu.
• Oratorio "Nagasaki".
• "Book of buhlungu" (ikonsathi ngenxa CHORUS).
• Gala buthelezi.
• Pieces ezintathu for Harpsichord.

Kwakhona Umqambi wadala ikonsathi ngaphezu kwesinye. Schnittke wabhala kubo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye okhestra.

Ikonsathi umqambi:

• Kuba ipiyano kunye okhestra.
• Kuba oboe, ihapu imitya.
• Kuba violin kunye okhestra.
• Concerto Grosso: № 1, № 2, № 3, № 4, № 5, № 6.
• Kuba Viola Mbanga and Orchestra.

Kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi.

Umculo movie

Umculo Shnitke A. G. izandi iifilimu ezininzi yiSoviet shot kule minyaka 60-90 zenkulungwane yama-20.

Phakathi le mifanekiso:

• "I-Belarusian Station Railway".
• "Biza umlilo."
• "Glass Harmonica".
• "Hot Snow".
• "Dancer kulo umkhombe."
• "Autumn".
• "Rikki-Yankee-Tavi".
• "Indlela uPeter abatshatileyo Great Off YamaSilamsi Yakhe."
• "I-Crew".
• "I Tale of Travel".
• "A owuthandayo uluntu."
• "Ward Number Six".
• "Mfundisi noMargarita".

Kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Legend of the symphony

Kwihlabathi umculo, kukho iinkolelo malunga kwisiqalekiso symphony lesithoba. Iqale wabuyela kunye L. V. Bethovena. Luphawu lokuba zonke abaqambi kufa kungekudala emva kokuba ubhale symphony amagumbi ezisithoba. Le ubandlululo wothulelw Mahler. Kukholelwa ukuba kuqala waphawula umqondiso. Umzekelo, LV uBeethoven wafa xa wayesebenza ekubhaleni symphony yakhe lesithoba. Ezinye abaqambi abaye bahlupheka esi siqalekiso: A. Bruckner, Dvorak, Schubert, M. Arnold, A. Glazunov, uKurt Atterberg, Egon Welles, kunye nabanye.

Ewe, ngenene wafa LV uBeethoven ngelixa ukusebenza №9 symphony. Kodwa aninako, ngokutsho kubaphandi abaninzi bacinga ukuba A. Bruckner ubunzima bebonke isiphelo sinye. Ngokokuba symphony, athe ezidweliswe kule nombolo ezisithoba, kukuba enyanisweni yeshumi. Le Umqambi iye symphony ngakumbi, nto leyo ebizwa zero. Sam A. Bruckner abangenakubalwa nto, kuba ndandicinga ukuba amava umsebenzi kuphela kwaye akabalwa phakathi kwabanye, kodwa ubukho bayo ngeke ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Kwakhona UGustav Mahler waba awuvumelani nale wabona njengento eyimfihlakalo kunye otherworldly. Xa usebenza kwi symphony wesithoba, wagqiba ekuphepheni le siqalekiso. Xa wabhala "Ingoma Umhlaba" waza wayibiza ngokuba lomculo. Ngaloo Kwathi ezilithoba le misebenzi sele kwathiwa, yaye sele usebenza ngaphezu yeshumi. Umqambi wagqiba kwelokuba bakopele isiphelo. Wakwazi ukugqiba №9 yakhe symphony. Kodwa xa ukusebenza ngomhla weshumi wafa.

Enyanisweni Franz Schubert wabhala symphony ezisithoba. Kodwa ababini kubo phahla. Dvorak kwakhona wabhala symphony ezisithoba. Kodwa lowo wokuqala ebhalwe nguye ngexesha lokudla kwakhe akuzange kwenziwe, njengoko kuthathwa elahlekileyo. Kolu luhlu akaphumanga kunye A. G. Shnitke. Eloba symphony ezisithoba ngqo. Emveni ke sendibhale kade nje kokufa kwakhe. Ngesicelo mhlolokazi umqambi UNikolai Korndorf benza udala kuyo. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, wafa. Alexander wayigqiba sele Raskatov.

Kodwa kude kube ngoku, hayi kwabonakala ukuba isenzeko kufuneka ngokwenene kuthathwa isiqalekiso, engafundisi njengabo ngengozi. Uninzi abaqambi ezinjalo kwaye owabhala symphony ngaphezu ezilithoba (10, 12, 17, 27 kunye 67). Phakathi kwabo: .. A. Pettersson, uEduard Tubin, N. Myaskovsky, D. Diamond, G. Cowell, E. Rabbra A. Hovaness, M. Weinberg, njl Nikita Bogoslovsky wabhala symphony 8. Wesibhozo, wamnika igama "Last". Yaye inkoliso yemisebenzi yale fomu akayi ngeposi. Umqambi ishukunyiswa yokuba uthe yonke Ndandifuna kwi uhlobo Symphonic. Kodwa abaninzi baye babonisa ukuba nguye babesoyika isiqalekiso. Nangona emva kokubhalwa kwee-symphony umqambi wesibhozo wayeka kokuqamba neleemvumikazi.