INkosana Alexander Nevsky: i-biography yomntu omkhulu

INkosana uAlexander Nevsky, onobomi bakhe buphawuleka kakhulu, waba ngumnye walaba babusi baseRashiya, abaye bakhunjulwa kuphela kuze kube ngoku, kodwa bahlonishwa. Ukulwa kwakhe kunye nokuxhaphaza zakhe iingqondo kunye nabameleli bezizukulwana zanamhlanje, nangona yena ngokwakhe wayephila ixesha elidlulileyo.

Ukuzalwa kunye nosapho

U-Alexander Nevsky (uqobo lwakhe uyaziwa, ngokusemthethweni, ngokuqinisekileyo) wazalwa ngo-Meyi 13 ngo-1221 kufuphi nomtshato wesibini uJaroslav Vsevolodich noFoodsia Mstislavovna (intombi kaMstislav Udalogo). Hlela kwi-Novgorod yakhe ethandekayo, isikhulu esincinci saqala ukususela ngo-1236, kwaye konke ukulawula kwakhe kugcwele iingxabano nabantu basekhaya abahamba phambili. I-Novgorod yayiyidolophu yamahhala, engafuni ukuthobela ngaphandle komntu. UAlexandro watshata ngo-1239, ukhetha umfazi wePoltskrats u-Alexander Bryachislavna. Lo mtshato waletha oonyana abathathu: UDaniel waba ngumthetheli waseMoscow, kunye noDimitri noAndrew-Vladimir.

I-Battle of Neva kunye neMfazwe yaseLake Peipsi

Imfazwe eqaqambileyo, apho inkosana yafumana nesiteketiso sayo, yabanjwa ngoJulayi 15, 1240 kwiibhanki ze-Neva. UAlexandre wakwazi ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa ngamaSweden ephantsi komyalelo we-Jarl Birger owaziwayo (kamva uya kuba ngumlawuli wasePoland), ukugcina indawo enxweme yeGulf yaseFinland kwaye ixesha elide ukuvala umbuzo wabangoSweden kula mazwe. U-Alexander Nevsky (i-biography yakhe ichaza le nto) kungekudala emva kokulwa kweNkgorgorod, kwakhona ukungahambi kunye nabemi (kwaye, njengokuba kunjalo, inkululeko yeN Novgorod), kwaye iya ePerslavl-Zalessky.

Nangona kunjalo, lo opal akazange agcine ixesha elide. U-Novgorod akakwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle komlawuli ozukileyo, kuba kwakuhlala ekulungele ukungena kwilizwe lakhe. Ngelo xesha kwakungumkhosi wesikhulu saseLithuania kunye nomyalelo we-Livonian. Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza, uMyalelo ngokwawo wawungabandezeli ngokusemthethweni kwizikhulu zaseRashiya. Kwinqanaba layo ixesha elide ukuvuthwa. Icandelo leenqwelo ezikhuselekileyo likhuthaza ukuqhubela phambili kweeprojekthi kwiLizwe elingcwele, ngelixa elinye lifuna ukuba iikratshi zihanjiswe empuma kumazwe aseRashiya kunye nabamelwane bawo. Enyanisweni, i-Livonian knights kwiqhawe elidumile lithatha inxaxheba encinci, ininzi yemikhosi yayingumthetheli waseLithuania. INkosana Alexander Nevsky, ochazwa ngaye kwinqaku, waphendula kwisicelo se-Novgorodians waza wabuya. Imfazwe eyayizukiswa kwii- Chudskoe echibini, eyayiboshwe kwiqhwa (nangona indawo eyaziwayo ingaziwayo kwangoku) ngo-1242 ngo-Ephreli 5. Inkqubo yobundlobongela beentshaba yazingqineka, umyalelo wawunzima ukunqoba. Ngaloo ndlela, uNkosana Alexander Nevsky (i-biography yakhe igcwele izenzo ezinjalo) waqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemida yasentshona yaseRashiya.

IRoma kunye neHorde

Ezi zimbini zale mfazwe - kwi-Neva naseLake Peipsi - zizukiswa kakhulu kwiinkulungwane zeenkulungwane kwanokuba ziphela kuphela zaseRashiya ngelo xesha. Empuma, izinto zatsho. Izikhulu zaseRussia azikwazanga ukudibanisa ngexesha kwaye zihlasele ukuhlaselwa kwesitha esinamandla - iHorde, kwaye ngoku kwakufuneka bahloniphe i khans, baye kwikomkhulu yabo ukuba bafumane iilebhile ilungelo lokulawula emazweni abo. Ngokufanayo emva kokufa kukayise, abazalwana uAlexander noAndrei baya eHorde. Omkhulu ebhodini waya kumazwe asezantsi aseRashiya, kuquka neKiev, kunye nomncinci - osenyakatho. Nangona kunjalo, isikhulu sabuyela kwintandokazi yakhe yaseNovgorod. Kwaye kukho umnye umcimbi, owodwa u-Alexander Nevsky's biography (umxholo omfutshane nawo kufuneka udibanise le nyaniso) ugxininisa ngokukodwa. Nangona amandla amaMongol kunye neengxabano zawo, isikhulu asifumani uncedo oluvela eNtshona ngokutshintshela ukufumana ukholo lobuKatolika. Isiphakamiso esinjalo senza uPapa Innocent IV, kodwa ufumana ukugatywa kwamacandelo.

Emva kokuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi kwiHorde (ukuchithwa kweKhanshi Ogul Gashim Khan Munke) uAlexander ufumana iilebula ngokulawula kukaNovogorod ngo-1242. Kodwa akazange aphumelele ekuvuseleleni esixekweni - umzalwana wakhe u-Andrey, ekuqinisekeleni inkxaso yesikhulu saseGalician uDaniil Romanovich noPrince Tver, benqaba ukuyeka amandla. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala uAlexandria wayesenokungena e-Novgorod. U-Alexander Nevsky (ubugcisa bakhe buzele uzuko oluzukileyo nakwintsimi yezopolitiko) ngexesha lohambo lwakhe ukuya ku-Golden Horde wakwazi ukukhupha amajoni akhe ithuba lokuba angathathi inxaxheba kwimikhankaso enobudlova yaseMongol. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kokubuya, isikhulu siyagula size sife e-Gorodets, esiseMlambo waseVolga, ngoNovemba 14, 1263. Inguqu yobutyhefu yiMongol ikhona, kodwa akukho ndlela yokuyibonisa namhlanje.

Ukuhlonela isanta

EVladimir, waqala ukufunda kuma-1280, kodwa igosa elisemthethweni lafika ngokuzayo. UNkosana uAllander Nevsky ozukileyo waba ngumgcini weRashiya kuphela, kodwa emva koko iRashiya, kunye nokuxhaphazwa kwakhe kwakuboniswa kungekhona nje kwimbali kunye neengcamango zabantu, kodwa kamva kwincwadi kunye ne-cinema.