Alkoholi Ukulungiselela: Methods kunye eluhlaza Materials

Alkoholi zisetyenziswa mveliso ezininzi kangaka kunye nemisebenzi. Kubo bavelise ezahlukeneyo iipholima, plasticizers, rubbers, iisepha kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi iimveliso. Ukulungiswa kwe-alkoholi ikhutshwa phandle usebenzisa iindlela hormone imichiza. Uninzi lwabo iimveliso ngobuninzi petrochemical yokuqaphela. Chemical Yindibanisela hydrocarbon yindlela imveliso ayibizi kakhulu. Kwakhona enye yezi ndlela ibalulekileyo ukuveliswa alkoholi kunye olefins ukuxovwa. Ngoko ndizuze isopropyl, ngxenye kunye tert-butyl kunye ethyl alkoholi. Ukulungiswa methyl utywala (methanol) esekelwe phezu neyanamhlanje eyomileyo beenkuni.

iinkqubo ezingundoqo ukuvelisa alkoholi:

• Awana ahlobene haydrolisis halogen: imveliso glycerol, benzyl utywala kunye nabanye.
• epoxides ukuxovwa kunye alkenes: ethylene ethers, ethanol kunye like.
• Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, njl
• Iindlela igcwala: imveliso alkoholi okunamafutha.
• Ndlela yoBuyiselo: alkoholi okunamafutha aphezulu, xylitol kunye nabanye.
• iindlela kwemichiza: imveliso glycerol kunye ethanol.

Enye imveliso ezininzi ubunzima-eveliswayo ethyl utywala (ethanol). Kwi siseko wayo, ukuba iphuhlise indlela yokuvelisa zerabha zokwenziwa. Ethanol imvume iimveliso ngomthi haydrolisis, ethylene sulfite utywala kunye nendlela enzymatic eluhlaza izixhobo zokutya.

Ukulungiswa alkoholi (ethanol kunye methanol) ukusuka izinto ekrwada ukutya kunye nemithi imali eninzi nexesha yinkqubo ethatha. Ethyl utywala kakhulu kuluncedo kwaye kube lula ukuvelisa ukusuka ezizizembiwa feedstock angabizi kakhulu, umz, kunye ethylene ukuxovwa. Ukuze ufumane enye itoni enye ethanol ngu indlela enzymatic, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenza iitoni ezine zengqolowa, okanye iitoni ezisibhozo esisesweni. Thelekisa ithani ethanol imvume Kwiitoni 2.5 distillates petroleum okanye igesi ethylene. Iindleko zabasebenzi iiyure-mntu ekwenziweni ethanol evela izinto ezahlukeneyo ekrwada: ingqolowa - 160, ukususela iitapile - 280, ethylene - 10. Ukulungiswa alkoholi petrochemical feedstock imali eninzi kakhulu yaye zitya ixesha.

Kwakhona yimveliso ebaluleke kakhulu kwemichiza yi methanol. Imveliso Modern of methanol ikhutshwa phandle kuyondelelaniswe eziphilayo esekelwe carbon monoxide (II) okanye igesi amagama in an isikali mveliso. Izikim kwezobugcisa, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo. Baya lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu ilandelayo.

- Synthesis ehlanganisa zinc-chromium kwi noxinzelelo aphezulu. Le nkqubo lixesha kwaye kwafakwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kudibaniso ngamandla eliphantsi.

- Synthesis kuvala yobhedu-zinc-aluminiyam ngamandla eliphantsi. Ukusebenzisa iindlela Yindibanisela xi eliphantsi unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka ixabiso imveliso yezamandla. Ngale ndlela wokwenziwa kufuna iqondo eliphezulu kungengokwentlambululo yendawo ubumdaka izinto zokwenza imveliso echaphazela kakubi kuvala.

- kwisigaba ezintathu-methanol kudibaniso kwinkqubo apho oluqhutywa kokunqunyanyiswa ulwelo egalelwe kwaye iza ezicukucezwe zancinane. Le ndlela ukuze zinongezele ungeniselo, ngoxa kuncitshiswa iindleko zamandla. Iindlela alkoholi belungiselela iyaphuculwa. inkqubo phase-Three yeyona ubugcisa bemveliso eqhubela phambili.