Alternating current electric

Alternating zombane ngoku - ngoku umgaqo ixesha ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla. Abo imisinga kwemini kuphela ngobukhulu, ebizwa eliguquguqukayo. Kushishino kunye kubomi bemihla ngemihla amaninzi kusetyenziswa alternating current sinusoidal.

Ukuguqula DC kwi AC electric inokwenziwa kanje. Yafakwa iyunifomu ndawonye ngemagnethi intsimi coil of wire. Nge ujikelezo efanayo Ikhoyili malunga ongu wobhobhozayo otsalayo gqolo uya ziyahluka umthamo kunye nolwalathiso. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yomthetho yoqheliso magnetic, Ikhoyili luqokelelane eziguquguqukayo kwicala ubukhulu amandla electromotive (EMF). Ukuba Ikhoyili enjalo elidityaniswe isekethe ngaphandle, ngoko ke esifumana i alternating current sombane.

Xa inqwelo-moya ye-coil ejikelezayo uba nkqo malunga imigca endle lo mhlaba otsalayo badlula therethrough wobhobhozayo magnetic - enkulukazi (Φ = Φmax), isantya wokutshintsha yayo zero (ΔΦ / Δt = 0), njengoko edlula isikhundla isikhokelo slip revolution ka imigca amandla, ngaphandle ukuwela kubo. Ngenxa yoko, kuFacebook amandla electromotive eqalisiweyo Ikhoyili zero (E = 0).

Xa moya coil ome oku kwemigca zigalo, obhobhozayo kuyo, ilingana zero (Φ = 0), izinga ukutshintsha iphezulu kule ndawo ((ΔΦ / Δt) max), ukususela izinikezeli coil lihamba aa Incopho imigca amandla.

amandla Electromotive evela kulo mzekelo ngokwenzekayo, unalo ixabiso elikhulu (E = Emax). Phezu ujikelezo olusa ngokubhijela isantya utshintsho ukumpompoza engena Ikhoyili uya kwandisa; ngoko, EMF kwi ixabiso elililo iya kwanda ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya Emax. Ngenxa yoko, izinga le-EMF eyabangelwa kwi coil batshintshana revolution nganye uziguqule -Emax alo Emax +.

Nathi ucingo coil evulekileyo, waza kuyo waqhoboshela ukuya oscilloscope. Xa Ikhoyili lijikeleza into mhlaba otsalayo, le oscilloscope mabarekhode zonke utshintsho ngoku, nto leyo baya kugwetywa, kwaye kutshintshwe amandla electromotive kwi Ikhoyili ngexesha revolution elinye.

Le yangoku eyenziwe Ikhoyili ngexesha ngonyango efanayo imagnethi efanayo, njengoko kuboniswa amaza iyahluka sinusoidally. Le ngoku kuthiwa alternating sinusoidal.

Ixesha apho amandla electromotive yenza oscillation mnye, ebizwa sithuba AC.

Ileta ixesha leligama oscillation - T. Inani oscillations 1 yesibini nganye - amaza ngoku, nto leyo otyunjwe unobumba f. unit Its yokulinganisa - elilodwa (Hz):

f = 1 / T, okanye T = 1 / f.

Ukuba ixabiso EMF ngexesha elithile engenasizathu luchazwa nge (ixabiso layo lophanyazo), kwaye ixabiso elikhulu (peak) - ngokusebenzisa Emax, umthetho evakalisa ukuxhomekeka ke, kumaxesha ngamaxesha, ungaboniswa njengoko ibinzana zilandelayo kwimeko yangoku sinusoidal:

e = Emax˖sin (2 / T) t.

Kumazwe amaninzi, ukusetyenziswa mveliso kunye zokuhlala alternating current zombane kunye rhoqo 50 Hz, ixesha ithuba 0,02 yesibini.

Ukulungiswa alternating current ngogesi amandla mechanical lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa oomatshini ezizodwa, ezo zibizwa ngokuba ngamalahle. Umgaqo yomsebenzi wabo - umthetho yoqheliso electromagnetic. Umphathi wesekethe oscillator kakhulu elula angamelwa njengesakhelo ejikelezayo ngeenxa esqwini kwintsimi kazibuthe i electromagnet okanye umazibuthe ngokusisigxina. Xa ukuzitshintsha isakhelo akhiwa amandla electromotive eziguquguqukayo kuwo. Ngokuqhagamshela isakhelo isekethe yangaphandle, esifumana i alternating current sombane. An Alternator ukuba inkqubo Imagnethi zokubhala kunye ohlobo ezijikelezayo yakhiwe kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo.

Phantse kuyo yonke imisebenzi engathi generator (anchor) kulindeleke zokubhala kunye nenkqubo umazibuthe (inductor) esijikeleziswa. ingxenye engenakususwa yomvelisi ibizwa stator, kwaye eshukumayo - ivili.