Amabali amfutshane kubantwana - inxalenye yecandelo lovimba beRashiya

Ngandlela-thile kuhamba ngaphandle kokuthetha ukuba amabali amfutshane kubantwana abakufunayo. Okokuqala, abantwana abanakukhuthalela, okwesibini, baya kuqonda ibali elifutshane, kwaye okwesithathu, abantwana baya kukwazi ukuyibuyisela.

Amangalisa amagama

Kodwa imfutshane ayithethi embi okanye ibhaliwe ngokukhawuleza. Amabali amfutshane kubantwana babhala iikhosikidi ezintle zeencwadi zaseRashiya ezinkulu - AS Pushkin, LN Tolstoy, AP Chekhov, uMnu Yu, uLermontov. Imisebenzi emininzi enhle kubantwana, emfutshane neyinde, yabhalwa nguAk Tolstoy. Kubalulekile ukuba neetalente ezinkulu ukuxelela amagama ambalwa ibali elinesiqalo kunye nesiphelo, mhlawumbi siluleka, mhlawumbi sidabuke okanye sivuye. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukwazi ukubhala amabali amfutshane abantwana kubungqina kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuba nelizwi kunye nobunzima bobugcisa bombhali.

Indlela yokubhala iifutshane kunye neetalenta, yazi iimbono

Kukho amanani amaninzi ahlobene nokubhalwa kwamabali amfutshane. Njengomthetho, amagama abo babhali kulezi zihlandlo bahlala beengcali. O. Henry wawuthatha inxaxheba kumncintiswano ngebali elifutshane. Ukutshintshana kwakhe, okubandakanya iziphakamiso eziliqela, kwakunezinto eziyimfuneko zomsebenzi opheleleyo-umtya, intambo kunye ne-denouement. E. Hemingway waxela ukuba uza kubhala ibali legama eli-4 eliza kubangela abafundi. Musa ukuzisa ukuba akunakwenzeka: "Izicathulo zezingane zithengiswa. Ngaxelwanga. " Into yokuqala efika engqondweni kukuba umntwana ufile. Emva koko, ukuthoba, ungacinga ukuba uyihlo wathenga izicathulo kwaye akacingeli ngobukhulu. UKurt Vonnegut unemithetho eyi- 8 yokubhala amabali amfutshane. Kukho ubuninzi beempawu ezincinane, kuquka nabantwana. Kwaye ke, ukuze bafundise abantwana kakuhle, kufuneka bafunde abalobi abanetalente. Umlobi waseMerika uJerome David Salinger uthe ukuba abantwana bafanele bafunde iprose ye-good-they immediately calme. Kodwa ezi ziintsana, kwaye abantwana abadala kufuneka basabele ngentshiseko, mhlawumbi bahleka. Ngoko ke, amabali amfutshane kubantwana abalwa ngamanani amaninzi.

Ihlabathi elikhuni labantwana

Umntwana kulula ukuhleka. Kunzima ukuqamba ibali elinjalo ukuze abapapa nonina bavuyiswe. Le yimpumelelo enkulu kubhali bezingane uKornei Ivanovich Chukovsky. Inzwa yayiyincwadi yakhe edumileyo "Kusuka kumibini ukuya kweyesihlanu". Le ngumzekelo apho amabali amfutshane amahle aqokelelwa, kunye ne "incwadi yokubhala" ekhethekileyo. Incwadi ayifakwanga nje kuphela kwingxowa-mali yabantwana, kodwa nakwimali yegolide yokufundisa abantwana neengqondo. Kulo qoqo olungapheli kukho ingxelo: abantu abadala bafunda izinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo ngehlabathi labantwana. Yaye iyingqayizivele, iyakuthinta, ihlekisayo, iboniswe ngobuchule, indlela abantwana abafunda ngayo inyaniso.

Akwazanga ngoku

Bhala uluhlu lwabalandeli abalibhala amabali amancinci kubantwana, unokwenza ixesha elide, nantsi ezinye zazo: Prishvin, Nosov, Zoshchenko. Ushinsky wabhala uluhlu lweengxelo ezincinci zabantwana. Ngokomzekelo, "Bishka" - inkcazelo yamagama ngenja nencwadi, equkethe umhlathi omfutshane. Akusekho "iGol" kunye ne "Cow". Kodwa ezi ngxelo aziwazanga.

Ndiyazibuza ukuba kutheni afundwanga kubantwana kwi-kindergarten? Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky (1824-1871) - umsunguli wezenzululwazi, umsebenzi wakhe kubantwana abhalwe ngokulungileyo, ulwimi oluqondakalayo, kubangele ukumamatheka, akunakuphelelwa yisikhathi.

Umbhali "Uncle Vanya" kubantwana

Amanqaku ambalwa kunye neChekhov ebantwaneni. Imisebenzi emifutshane yayiphumelele kakhulu umbhali (u-Anton Pavlovich ubambe ibinzana malunga nokukhawuleza, okudityaniswe nodade ozalwayo). Wayebhala nje-omfutshane kunye neetalente, kuba wayengayazi indlela yokwenza okuhlukile.

Enyanisweni, ibali elifutshane kumabali akhe ("wam" "okanye" elimangalisayo "iYin neYang") isabhalwa ngabantu abadala. Kodwa kwakhona "iKashtanka", "Vanka", "I-White-throated" - ayinakho. Idilesi kwimvulophu evela kwibali elithi "Vanka" - "Kwidolophana eya kumakhulu" - ngokuqhelekileyo yaba ngumzekeliso kwaye wangena ngokuthe ngqo ngolwimi lwemihla ngemihla.

Brilliant and noble

Umjikelo olungileyo wemisebenzi yabantwana ngumlobi we "IMfazwe noxolo." Baziwa ngokuba "amabali amfutshane afana nabantwana." UTolstoy uLeo Nikolayevich waqala wabatshela abantwana bakhe, ngoko ke kubantwana abasuka eYasnaya Polyana. Ukongeza kwiibali ezimfutshane malunga nezilwanyana, lo mbhali omkhulu unemifutshane kakhulu, kodwa iindaba ezimnandi kunye nezikhokelo ezifake iilfabhethi ezikhutshwe nguTolstoy kwiintsana zedolophana. Wenza ukuba kufumaneke, kuqondwe kunye nokuthakazelisa. Iifayili ezifutshane ezimiselweyo ziyimisebenzi eyenziwa kwakhona ye-Aesop. Akusiyo yonke into yaseRashiya eyayikhathazekile ngokuphathelele into enobungqina obufana nokufundisa abantwana abasweleyo. Kwaye uTolstoy wasondela kule shishini ngokungathí sina kunye noxanduva lonke: iinjongo zabantwana bakhe babizwa ukuba bafundise abantwana ngenqweno yokufunda ihlabathi, ukuhlakulela umnqweno wokufunda, ukuhlakulela uthando lo msebenzi obunzima njengokufunda iincwadi. Amabali akhe amancinci aphelile imisebenzi, achukumisa kwaye anomusa. Akukho nhlobo kubo, kodwa bafundisa. Kwaye akunakuqondakala ukuba uncwadi olukhulu kwihlabathi alunanto engabonakaliyo kubantwana. Oku akuyona iincwadi zoonwabo malunga noDonald Duck. Le ncwadi yincwadi enkulu.