Amafilimu e-Hitchcock: uluhlu, amabali kunye nokuhlaziywa. Uludwe lweefilimu ze-Alfred Hitchcock: imifanekiso engcono

U-Alfred Hitchcock ufanelekile ukuba acinge ngenye yezona ezidumileyo kunye nabalawuli abadumileyo benkulungwane ye-20. Wakhulula iifilimu ezipheleleyo ezingama-55 kwi-screen enkulu, eqala ukusebenza e-UK ngexesha leemafilimu angathuliyo kunye nokuphela kwemveliso yefilimu ebukhulu beHollywood enkulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngohlobo lweentlanzi kunye neentloni, iifilimu zikaHitchcock zitshuntshiswa: uluhlu lweefrimu ezikwazisa uluntu kwinqaku elingezantsi.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Izinto eziyimfihlakalo ephazamisayo kunye nokumangalisa ngokumangalisa ziqulethe zonke iifilimu ezintle zeHitchcock. Uluhlu - amaxhala kunye neentlanzi, abacuphi kunye nemifanekiso yobuqili - kufuneka uqale ngemisebenzi yokuqala yomlawuli omkhulu. "Iinyoni zokuqala" ezinjalo ziquka ifilimu ethi "Iiminyathelo 39" (1935). Ngokomzekelo, umlingisi oyintloko uqhelana nentombazana uAnabella. Ubuhle ufuna ukumsindisa kubabulali abatshutshisayo, kodwa umfana uyangathemba ngamazwi. Xa umhlobo wakhe omtsha efa ngokugwaza, kufuneka ahambe kuzo zonke izijikelezo zeesihogo ukubonisa ubungqina bakhe. U-Alfred Hitchcock wayehlala ekhohlisayo abalinganiswa bakhe abaphambili "bachithwa" kwendima. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokudubula "amanyathelo angama-39" watsho ukuba wayelahlekelwe izihluthulelo ezisuka kwizihlwele: URobert Donat noDadeline Carroll bafanele bachithe iiyure eziliqela ebukhosini.

Umzobo othi "The Lady Fades" (1938) ngu-Alfred Hitchcock osebenza kakuhle kunye nomsebenzi ocacileyo. Kwinqanaba lebali kukunyamalala kwindoda ekhulile ehamba phambili ehamba ngesitimela. Abanye abahambahambayo baqala ukuphanda ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngokukhawuleza babandakanyeke kwiintlanzi. Ifilimu yaba yinto enomdla: abagxeki bathi yiyodwa yemimiselo engcono yekhokelo yekhwalithi kwimbali ye-cinema.

U-Ingrid Bergman enendima yebakala

Uthando lwababonisi abaqhelekileyo kunye nokuqatshelwa kwabagxeki abaziveleleyo banokuziqhayisa ngo-Alfred Hitchcock. Zonke iifilimu zika-Alfred Hitchcock, uludwe lwazo ezichazwe kweli nqaku, zinemibiko emihle evela kubaphulaphuli. Ifilimu ethi "The Enchanted" (1945) ayikho enye into: ilandelela ngesigulane nge-amnesia, ebonakala njengogqirha odumile. I-psychiatrist yezilwanyana, edlalwa ngu-Ingrid Bergman, uzama ukusindisa ulwalamano olutsha kwimeko yokubulala. Ifilimu iyaqhubeka ixakeke: ababukeli abanakuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuba zeziphi iziganeko zeziganeko eziza kubakho, iinguqulelo zazo zichanekileyo kwaye ziphela kuphela.

Ngendlela, u-Ingrid Bergman wayengomnye wezintandokazi zika-Alfred Hitchcock. Emva konyaka wamemela ukuba adlale emfanekisweni olandelayo othiwa "Uzuko olubi" (1946). Ifilimu ichaza ngentombazana eyanikwa umsebenzi wokuhlola iiNazi, ezithengisa eMzantsi Melika. Emva kokuba esithandane nommeli onobungane, yena, kunye naye, uzama ukubaleka kwiintshaba eziyingozi. Ekubeni ifilimu ibhekisele kwibhomu yenyukliya, u-Alfred Hitchcock wanquma ukufumana isiluleko sikaNobel u-Robert Andrews Milliken. Ugqirha wezoNzululwazi uncede umlawuli okhethileyo kwimicimbi emininzi, kodwa wenqaba ngokubanzi ukuxelela iinkcukacha zokudala izixhobo ezibulalayo.

Abacuphi abakhulu

Kulo hlobo uhlobo lweefilimu ezimangalisayo zeHitchcock zidutshulwa. Uluhlu luqala ngeklasiki kumcuphi walo wobubele "Kwimeko yokubulala, uhlobo" M "(1954) - ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokungaqinisekanga lugcina ubunye bezenzo kunye nendawo. Ingundoqo yefilimu yile: ukuba iqabane lakho elicebile lijika umthandi, kufuneka umbulale. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu onyanisekileyo unako ukugcina uzuko lwakhe kunye nemeko yezemali, ukubuyisela isidima kunye nentlonipho kuluntu. Ingxaki ngenye: umthandi womfazi ngumbhali wabacuphi, abanako ukutyhila nolwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo. Lo mfanekiso wabagxeki kunye nabaphulaphuli bathatha ngokumangalisa, beqaphela kuqala umdlalo omangalisayo wabalingisi: UGrace Kelly wayephakamileyo, uRay Milland, naye, akazange agqume emva kwakhe.

Ukuxiliswa yimpumelelo, u-Alfred Hitchcock wanquma ngomnyaka ofanayo ukuba ahoxise umphenyi kwakhona. Kwaye ndingazange ndiphosakele: umfanekiso "Ifowuni kwiNkundla" (1954) yayidlula yonke into ayilindele. Abaphulaphuli babethanda umlingisi obalaseleyo, umfaki-zithombe, owathi, ngenxa yomlenze ophukile, usekhaya ukusuka ekukhunjeni nasekuziphatheni. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla bunika imibala ekuqwalaselweni kwakhe kwimihla ngemihla yabamelwane. Ubomi babo abukude kunye nemeko: iimeko "zitshitshisa" ukubulala okubi. Umfanekiso kwiindidi ezine ukhethwe ngu-Oscar, kodwa akafumani nawaphi na amabhaso. Nangona kunjalo, ngemihla yethu le filimu ithathwa njengepropathi ye-cinema yehlabathi.

Abangcolileyo

Uludwe lweefilimu ngu-Alfred Hitchcock luqhubeka noluluhlu lwezinto zokudweba zolu hlobo. Kwaye indawo ehamba phambili kuyo ibanjwe ifilimu "Ukusola" (1941) kunye noCary Grant ebalulekileyo indima. Iqhawe lakhe litshatile intombazana ekhulile, kodwa ulonwabo lwesibini esitshatileyo lugqithiswe ngumsindo kunye nokuhlushwa. Umlingane uqala ukucinga ukuba umyeni wakhe uceba ukumbulala. Inxaxheba yowesifazane okhunjulwayo wadlala ngokugqithiseleyo nguJoan Fontaine: unqobe u-Oscar. Nqabile njengoko kubonakala ngathi, kodwa ngulo kuphela umklomelo we-actor kwi-Academy, eyanikezelwa iifilimu zika-Alfred Hitchcock.

Iingqungquthela ezimbini ezilungileyo ezivela kumlawuli odumileyo: "Abahambi ngotishi" (1951) kunye ne "Vertigo" (1958). Umntu wokuqala uxelela abantu ababini abahambahamba nabo abaceba ukubulala ngokugqibeleleyo. Oku akusiyo i-movie "ebalulekileyo" yebhayisiki, kodwa umsebenzi ophezulu wengqondo, wadalwa usebenzisa iindlela zokubonwa komboniso. Phakathi kwesiqendu sesibini esithandwayo ngumthunzi womcuphi obesaba ukuphakama, emva komfazi owaziwayo. Ibhinqa lihamba malunga nomzi, umphenyi kuwo uyawa thandana-i-whirlpool yezinto ezithandayo kunye neendwangu eziqalayo. "I-Vertigo" abahlaziyi bokuqala abazange bayibone, bathi yifilimu ehlulekile. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emininzi umfanekiso ufumene umgangatho wecwecwe.

Uhlobo

Nabo, ngelo xesha bangezelelwe uluhlu lweefilimu nguAlfred Hitchcock, ezifanele ukujonga. Umlawuli wayenomdla wokuhlambalaza, oko kutheni ama-comedies akhe ayinto engavamile: ayichazwa "satire" emnyama. Ngokomzekelo, kwifilimu ethi "Ingxaki kunye noHarry" (1955), umlingisi oyintloko ngumzimba wegama elinye. Abemi beli dolophu bayifumana kwaye bazama ukuyifihla: ngamnye wabo unesizathu salo. Kodwa "inkani" efile ihlala ivela kwakhona. U-Alfred Hitchcock wayejonge ukuba le filimu enye yeyona nto ibhetele kumsebenzi wakhe, nangona i-ofisi yebhokisi encinci kunye nokuphononongwa kweengxabano zabagxeki.

Siyaqhubeka sihlaziya iifilimu zikaHitchcock: uludwe luqhubeka nohlaziyo lomculo "Thatha isela" (1955). Kwiindima ezihamba phambili - iinkwenkwezi ze-cinema zokuphakama kokuqala. Ubumnandi uGrace Kelly kunye nomlingani wakhe kwifilimu ebekayo uCary Grant wabonisa isibini esithandwayo. Usela, apho amapolisa ayammangalela ngokungekho sikweni ulwaphulaphulo-mthetho, uyindoda enhle kumnceda ekuthineni i-villain yangempela. Ifilimu yaba yinto ekhethekileyo kwixesha labadlali: U-Grace wadibana nomyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo ngexesha lokubhala, ngelixa umsebenzi we-Carey Grant wathola umoya wesibini emva kwexesha elide elingenzi lutho.

Iimpawu zamaFilimu

Ukuthetha ngeefilimu ze-Hitchcock ezilungileyo, uludwe luqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe yecawa. Omnye wabo wawungumfanekiso "Rebecca" (1940). Le yefilimu yokuqala ibetwe ngumlawuli waseHollywood, kwaye yedwa eyamkela i-Oscar kwinqanaba elithi "Ifilimu ephezulu kakhulu yonyaka." I-Cast - intandokazi yamantombazana uLaurence Olivier kunye noYoan Fontaine. Umntu oyintloko emva kokufa komfazi wakhe, entsha inokufumana ulonwabo lwentsapho. Kodwa loo mlingane omncinci akabonakalwanga endlwini apho, kubonakala ngathi, kubo bonke abantu kunye nezinto zilele isithunzi somntu oshonile.

"Intambo" (1948) - enye ifilimu ekhethekileyo. Wayenguye umfanekiso wokuqala, wadutyulwa ngombala. Nangona kunjalo, ayinayo iziqephu kunye neengcambu zomhlaba. Phakathi kwimbali ibali labafundi ababini, ngaphambi kokufika kweendwendwe, bulala umhlobo kuphela ukuze uzive uphakamileyo. Lo mfanekiso unobungcali kunye novavanyo. Ungowokuqala kwimbali yecalatografi ukubandakanya amafowuni amade: kubonakala ngathi akukho ukuhlela kwifilimu, kwaye yena ngokwakhe ubonwa njengomsebenzi ongenakuphazamiseka.

"Zest" yomsebenzi

Izinto ezininzi zesoyiko kunye nezobungozi zazivame ukusetyenziswa nguAlfred Hitchcock. Iimvumi zezobukrakra, uludwe lwezinto ezininzi zokulinganiswa kwee-movie, ziqulethe amagama omzobo. Umzekelo, "i-Psycho" (1960). Abagxeki bathi yifilimu eyatshintsha ifilimu ngonaphakade, kwaye abaphulaphuli babethi umsebenzi owonwabisayo, owaziwayo kunye owaziwayo. Umgca wesicatshulwa ujikeleze unobhala omncinci, ophelelwe yintando yomntu otshatileyo, uthatha imali enkulu emsebenzini kwaye uqala ukusebenza. Endleleni, uyayeka ehotele ngasemaphandleni, apho ebingelwa khona umnini mfana. Emva koko ibali livela ngokungalindelekanga kwaye ngokungavamile.

Ingqungquthela engokwengqondo, emngciphekweni wokukrakra, ayibonakaliswa kuphela yizakhono zabaqhubi, kodwa kunye ne-actress enkulu yabalingisi - yenkwenkwezi ku- Anthony Perkins, uVera Miles noJanet Lee. Umbhali u-Alfred Hitchcock uthathe ngokungqongqo imveliso yomzobo, ukuba wathenga phantse zonke iincwadi ngokubhekiselele kuyo. Ngale ndlela wazama ukunciphisa inani labantu abayaziyo ukuphela. Ifilimu ethi "Psycho" inemibuzo emininzi, kodwa bonke abayikuma eduze komsebenzi wecandelo elidumileyo: U-Alfred Hitchcock uhlala ekhangele kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu zengqondo yomntu, edala ubumnyama.

Okuthandayo kwabaphulaphuli

Jabulela, unxibe uloyiko olumkhenkce kwaye uphazamise ii-movie zeHitchcock. Uludwe lweefilimu ezisebusuku kakhulu ngokuqinisekileyo uqhubeka nomfanekiso "Iinyoni" (1963). Ngokusekelwe kwimbali kaDaphne du Maurier, ulandisa ngeengonyama zelizwe, ohlaselwa yi-seagull endleleni eya emadlelweni. Yaye le nto kuphela isiqalo. Sekudala kwiziqendu ezilandelayo umbukeli uyaqonda ukuba zonke ihlabathi zeentlanga ziphendukele ebantwini. Abalinganiswa abakhulu badlala uJessica Tandy, uRonald Taylor noTippi Hedren.

"Iinyoni" akuyona kuphela ifilimu ethandekayo yabaphulaphuli, kodwa yinto edumileyo kunye neyimfihlakalo ekusebenzeni kweengcali zezobugcisa. Ukuba kwimbonakaliso yangaphambili yemifanekiso ibonwa, ngezinye iinkcukacha zilula kwaye ziyinkimbinkimbi, ngoko ayikho ngokupheleleyo. Siyamangaliswa: ngaba izidalwa ezinobungqina nezilwanyana ezingenakulimala ezinokwenkqonkqo nobudlova? Ubundlobongela bezinto zixhamla kwaye lubonisa indlela umntu ongenakunceda ngayo phambi kwemikhosi yemvelo. Abantu bazivakalelwa njengabalawuli emhlabeni, bayalibala ukuba bayafa, kwaye ihlabathi abayakhayo linyanzele kwaye linyama. Ukuqaphela le nyaniso yi-leitmotif yomfanekiso.

Umsebenzi wamva

"Ubudenge" (1972) kunye "noqhelwano lwentsapho" (1976) - iifilimu zokugqibela zeHitchcock. Uluhlu lwemisebenzi yomlawuli luphela apha. Zomibini zemizobo zixhasayo. Abagxeki bentsapho "abagxeki bentsapho" babibiza ngokuthi "isidlo esiphundu esenzelwe iigourmets - ababukeli be talente yendoda endala uAlfred." Apha umlawuli ococekileyo waxuba ngokuxuba izithako ezifana nokuthumba, ukubulala, ukuphanga kunye nokutshiswa. Kulo mfanekiso, zonke izakhi zikwinqanaba eliphezulu: ukusuka kwiskripthi kunye nokuphela kwesandi.

Ngokuphathelele "uMadlo", uzele bonke abathandekayo "i-Hitchcock" ubuchule kunye neenjongo. Kwinqanaba lebali - ibali ngoRichard, osolwa ngokuba luhlu lolwabulala abafazi ngokugqithiseleyo - bonke badibene kunye nezibophelelo. Isityholo siwela kumntu emva kokufa kwe-maniac wayengumfazi wakhe. URichard ugwetywa ukuvalelwa ixesha elide, kodwa kwakukho: abacuphi baqala ukungaqiniseki netyala lakhe. Ifilimu iyaqhubeka ingxininisekile, ixakekeke ngeengxaki ezingalindelekanga zamabali kunye nezinto ezixhalabisayo, njengoko, ngokusemthethweni, kunye neminye imisebenzi ka-Alfred Hitchcock - i-genius ye-cinema.