Indawo yomhlaba wegumbi. Iintlobo zefern zangaphakathi

Abantu abaninzi babedla ngokubona indlela yabo imizwa yashintsha ngayo xa bexakeke kwiintyatyambo okanye bajonge nje. Iingcali zide zakha ubuhlobo obukhoyo phakathi kwezityalo zangaphakathi kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu, kunye neemeko ezithile zomlingani wazo.

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba izityalo zinombane okhethekileyo. Ngaphandle kweentyantyambo, akunakwenzeka ukudala ikhaya elihle ngokwenene. Izindlu ziya kufumana ukubonakala okuhluke ngokupheleleyo xa zibonisa izityalo zangaphakathi - iiferns, izilo, iiflots, njl. Nangona esinye isityalo esingaqhelekanga, esityalwe kwiphuko elihle, sinika intengiso ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi.

Zasekhaya ezifuywayo

Izityalo zangaphakathi zivumela umntu ukuba afikelele kwimvelo, nangaphandle kokushiya indlu. Enyanisweni, kwizakhiwo zephaneli ezimpunga kuphela zikunceda ukunyamezela. Ngelo xesha, ezi zifuyo zifuna ukunakekelwa, ngaphandle kokuba ziyakubonakala ziphi na. Ukukhetha iintlobo ezahlukileyo, abalimi bezityalo banokuba nefestile ensimini ekhulayo malunga nonyaka wonke.

Ezinye iintlobo zikhulile kwiziqhamo ezidliwayo, umzekelo, i-orange, igromegranate, i-lemon, njl njl. Enye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo igumbi le-fern, umfanekiso onokuthi ufumaneke ekuhambeni kwamaphephancwadi.

Amabali amaninzi kunye neembali ezidibeneyo zidibene naye. Mhlawumbi le ngenye yezona zityalo zamandulo kwiplanethi yethu.

Ulwazi jikelele

Umzekelo wamaqabunga awo awukwazi ukudideka nantoni na. Kuze kube ngoku, abaphengululi bezinto zakudala baye bakufumanisa kwimithombo yamandulo. Imithetho kunye neengcamango, ezijikelezwe ngamafern of the rooms, ezinobomi kunye namagama amaninzi, zisaphila ...

Ngokomzekelo, kukholwa ukuba iqhwenga kuphela ngobusuku bukaIvan Kupala. Imithetho ithi i-fern bud ubonisa ngokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, ukutshisa ngelangatye egazini, kwaye abantu abakwazanga ukuyijonga, ngaphandle kokukrazula. Ukuphula le ntyatyambo, kwakudingeka ukuba eze ehlathini ngobusuku obumnyama kwaye ahlale kwisangqa, ahlanjululwe emhlabeni aze akhusele kwimimoya emibi. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-fern bud "ibambe umlilo", kwakudingeka ukukhawuleza kwaye uyifihle, ukuze imimoya emibi ingayiboni phambi komntu kwaye ayikwazanga ukuyithatha.

Nabani na ofumene le ntyatyambo eqaqambileyo, waba ngumprofeti. Wayekwazi ukufunda iingcamango zabantu abakujikelezileyo, phulaphule oko iilwanyana zithetha okanye iintaka zicula. Kwaye iintliziyo zamantombazana, abafana bakwazi ukukhawuleza kunye namandla okutshisa umbala ngonaphakade.

Ungaze uqhube?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba lihle kangakanani le ngqungquthela, ayiyi kuphinda izalisekise ebomini bokwenene. Ngenxa yokuba eqinisweni akukho hlathini okanye i-fern iye yaqhakaza okanye yaqhakaza. Le yintsapho leyo, njengamasiza okanye amahhashi, ayinayo ientyatyambo. Abaninzi baya kukhunjulwa kwiklasi yesikolo kwi-botany ukuba emva kweentyatyambo ziphela, kwiindawo zazo zenziwa izithelo.

Kwaye akukho mbewu kwi-fern egumbini. Bahlakulela i-spores, apho esi sityalo sanda khona, kwaye ngaphambi koko kufuneka sithinte amanzi.

Inkcazelo

Ngaphakathi, esi sityalo akusiyo nje imihlobiso. Ihlambulula umoya wezinto ezinobungozi kunye nothuli, ukuxhamla kunye nokunciphisa ukuthunga, ukugcwala ngokuswakama nokudala i-microclimate efanelekileyo.

Ukususela kwiimveliso eziphezulu eziseleyo - izimbali okanye i-gymnosperms - i-fern yegumbi (umhlaba wasezityalo wesityalo awuyazi ngokuqinisekileyo) ulwahlukana nokungabikho kwembewu kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa ngeendlela. Ngoko ke, kwindawo yokuhlala ngabemi bezityalo eziluhlaza emhlabeni wethu, uhlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo.

Iimpawu zeentlobo ezininzi ziphantsi komhlaba, ngezinye izihlandlo ezixhambileyo zomhlaba, zinyango kunye neebhanki. Ubude beemigangatho bunokufikelela kwimitha engamashumi amabini. Amacembe anesakhiwo esikhethekileyo. Zibizwa ngokuba yi-vayami kwaye zinzima-zichithwa okanye zilula.

Igumbi leFern: iintlobo

Esi sityalo sifakwe kwiqela la mandulo, imbali yelixesha elide kunexesha lokukholisa izityalo kwiMhlaba. Kubonakala ukuba, yintoni isizathu sokuzalwa kwendawo yokuzalwa kunye nezinye iintlobo-ezingaziwa. Kwixesha lePaleozoic neMesozoic, ezininzi zazo zaziyimithi emikhulu, inkuni eyayisetyenziswa njengamalahle ngamalahle eminyaka .

Khetha ukuhlalisa igumbi lomfundi, umfanekiso ngamnye okhulayo wezityalo owaziyo, akunjalo lula. Kukho iintlobo ezi-2000 ezihlukeneyo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhulisa ngaphakathi, nangona zonke azizithengiswa.

Yaye nangona indawo yokuzalwa yendlu egqabiweyo ingaziwa, kukho isiphakamiso sokuthi isityalo sifike kuthiwe ukusuka kwiindawo zokutshisa. Ezinye iintlobo zilungele ukungena kweebhakethi, ngelixa ezinye, umzekelo, izidleko ze-Asplenium okanye i-Nephrolepis Bostoniensis, zikhulu kakhulu, ngoko ziqulethwe njengemifanekiso ekhethekileyo. Nangona ukuba indawo yokuzalwa yendlu egqabiweyo, mhlawumbi, ama-subtropics, kukho iintlobo ezinjengeomthunzi kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, umthunzi.

Kwi-floriculture yangaphakathi, ngokwemigangatho eyamkelweyo, esi sityalo sifakwe kwiqela lokuzibhenca. Oku kuyaqondakalayo: iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zelizilwanyana eziluhlaza zikhangelelanisa nokubonakala kwazo kwasekuqaleni. Ayikho ikhefu kunye negumbi elitshintshileyo. Umhlaba wasezantsi we-pteris yi-USA. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izazi zezinto eziphilayo zidlalela ukumjonga njengendwendwe esuka eMzantsi Afrika okanye eNew Zealand. Ekhaya, iintlobo ezininzi zizalwe.

Nephrolepis

Le yintlobo exhaphakileyo yeefern ehlala kwintsapho yaseDevallian. Iyakwazi ukufunyanwa kungekhona kuphela kwiindawo zokuhlala, kodwa nakwiiofisi zeenkampani ezininzi. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba indawo yokuzalwa yefern yegumbi iNefrolepis i-Southeast Asia.

Ezi zityalo zibhekwa njengenye yezona zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zingathobekanga: ukunyamekela akunzima. Ukuze ukulima okuchumayo kweefern Nephrolepis akudingi ukukhanya okukhulu: esi sityalo sinomthunzi-ukunyamezela, sinokukhula kakuhle phantsi kokukhanya okubonakalayo.

Umqobo kuphela ekuveliseni uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo yomoya omile weendawo zokuhlala. Ngako oko, isilwanyana esiluhlaza sifanele sinike umxhesho ophezulu, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukutshiza, kwaye ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ukutyilisa isityalo kufuneka kudityaniswe, emva kokuba umhlaba uzomisa kancane. Kule meko, ukungabikho kobuninzi obuninzi bomhlaba emhlabeni kubangele ukufa kwamaqabunga.

Adianum

Le fern isityalo esinezityalo ezibonisa ukuba nobuhle obuhle. Kuqhelekile. Amaqabunga ayo awafumani umswakama kuwo onke, ngoko ke amaconsi amanzi ahamba kakuhle phezu kwawo. I-Adiantumi imelwa ngamandla amakhulu, kodwa aphantsi. Le ntlobo ayikunyamezeli ukukhanya kwelanga. Unendawo enwabuzelayo, i-rhizomes idijestelic, ehlanganiswe ngamanqanaba amancinci amancinci.

Ngolu hlobo lwekhonkco igama elimangalisayo kakhulu le-ferns - iinwele zeVenerin. Enyanisweni, esi sityalo esihle kakhulu sinamaqabunga ahlaza okwi-centimeters amane ubude, amaqhekeza aneshumi elinamitha ama-millimeters ububanzi bunesiseko esenziwe ngombala kunye nesimo esifane nesibindi. I-Venus yeenwele ngumwendwendwe rhoqo kwiindawo zokuhlala kwidolophu kunye neendlu zelizwe. Ndiyabulela ubunjani obumangalisayo kunye nobuhle bamaqabunga, ezi ferns zangaphakathi zivame ukusetyenziswa kwiingqungquthela zasebusika zasebusika, apho ziqulunqa izicwangciso zobunjiweyo.

I-Asplenium - igumbi lefern

Umhlaba wasezityalo wesityalo - enye inhlobo yale ntsapho, nangona ingafanelekanga ukugcinwa kwekhaya, ngamahlathi anamanzi ase-Afrika nase-Australia. Yiba le fern kwindlu okanye kwindlu kunzima, kuba ikhula ibe yintsayizi ekhangayo.

Ii-Aspleniums zikhetha indawo ezinomthunzi, nangona zingenakuhlala ngaphandle kokukhanya, ngoko ke abo baya kuzithenga ngezindlu zabo, le nto ifanele iqwalaselwe.

Ukunyamekela

Ulawulo olufanelekileyo kakhulu lokushisa kwimihlaba yokukhula kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwefern ngama-degrees angama-20 (Celsius). Ngaloo xesha, le nkomo isilwanyana esinesibhakabhaka isaba kakhulu imvula ebanda. Yaye nangona indawo yokuzalwa yendawo yokuzimela ingaqinisekanga, uyayithanda igumbi elipholileyo. Abaphuli bezityalo abanamava bayazi ukuba ngokuchasene nenkolelo eyaziwayo yokuba ikhula ngokubanzi emthunzini, iintlobo ezininzi kunye neengcambu "zengcambu" ezitshatyalaliswayo azikho mbi ekuboneni ukukhanya okugqamile kodwa okwenziweyo. Indawo efanelekileyo yegumbi lefern endlwini iya kuba yindlu yempuma. Kule meko, ngexesha lebusika, kuyinqweneleka ukubuyela emva kweeyure eziliqela ngosuku.

Iifama ezikhulayo kwiimeko zangaphakathi, mhlawumbi ziza kuthi zivela emazweni ashushu okanye aphantsi komhlaba. Kungenxa yoko bafuna ukukhuselwa kwimida kunye nokubanda.

Ukunisela

Akufanele kuvunyelwe ukuba indawo yomhlaba apho i-fern ikhula khona, ikoma. Okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, yayinamanzi amaninzi. Ukuqala kokubilisa kwasebusika kufanele kube lula kakhulu. Phantse zonke iintlobo zeso sityalo zidinga ukunyuswa kwamanzi amaninzi, ngoko kufuneka uhlale uzihlahlela, okanye ukuza kufaka umthombo wamanzi okanye isitya semanzi.

Ukongezelela, iingcali zincoma ukuba zilungiselele i-fern kanye kanye ngeveki, isitya esifudumeleyo. Ngentwasahlobo isityalo sisoloko sifuna ukufakelwa. Emva koko, iifern yegumbi zinomdla wokukhula. Xa zincinci, iingcambu zabo azikwazi ukuhlakulela ngokugcwele, ezichaphazela ngokukhawuleza amaqabunga.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zeentlobo

Iindidi zeentlobo ze-ferns zangaphakathi ziyabetha. Nangona kunjalo, bonke banesifo esifanayo. Ezi ziinambuzane eziphambili, ezichaphazela iintyatyambo zangaphakathi ze-fern, ziyi-scabi kunye nezilwanyana zesicabungulu. Kuzo nabo abanini bezilwanyana ezifuywayo kufuneka bahlale bekulwa. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufeze izihlahla kunye nokugcina umswakama ophezulu kwigumbi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni ulahle, umzekelo, ukusuka kwikhakha, ungathenga kwivenkile eyimveliso ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane.

Ngamanye amaxesha izifo zefern yegumbi nazo zivela ngenxa yokunyamekela. Ukuba amaqabunga aya kuba mhlophe kwaye ahlanganiswe ngamanqaku amdaka, oku kuthetha ukuba umninimzi ogqithiseleyo ukuhlambela. Iindawo ezikhanyayo kumagqabantshintshi zifana nezo zityalo eziye zatshiswa ilanga. Ukuwa kobunzima obuhlaza, ukubola kwayo - umphumo wokuba igumbi lomoya ludlile, kwaye kukho ukungabikho kobumgquba emhlabeni. Ngokunqongophala kwezondlo, amaqabunga aluhlaza kwizityalo, kwaye ukukhula kwabo kuyancipha.

Ukuba, ngenxa yokumiswa kwegumbi lefern elahlekile liluhlaza, akumele uphelelwe yithemba: kwesi sityalo kufuneka ufune ukusika onke amaqabunga. Emva koko kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo eqaqambileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umhlaba ugcinwa kwindawo ephantsi emanzi. Kwaye kungekudala amaqabunga amasha aya kubonakala kwilwanyana elincinci.