Amakrele samurai. izixhobo Japanese neentlobo zayo

Ngexesha lolawulo wafika shogunate ukususela 1603 yena ezinxulumene nangononophelo elidlulileyo ubunini ubugcisa emkhontweni. Endaweni yeemfazwe igazi lafika ilixa ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kokhuphiswano zomkhosi ngekrele. Arts enxulumene ilifa lwekrele, wabizwa ngokuba "kenjutsu", iye yaguquka yaba njengendlela ngokomoya self-ukuphucuka.

Meaning ikrele samurai

Ezi amakrele samurai zaye ingqalelo izixhobo kuphela ye lijoni oyingcali, kodwa uphawu lodidi samurai, lo Umfuziselo imbeko anobukroti, isibindi nesibindi. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo lajongwa nje isixhobo njengesipho esingcwele-tempile wothixokazi ilanga umzukulwana wakhe, nesigqibo emhlabeni. Ikrele kwenziwa kuphela ngokuphelisa ububi, sikweni nokukhusela okulungileyo. Waba yinxalenye ngamaShinto inkolo. Arms izindlu iitempile, iindawo ezingcwele. Xa ababingeleli Japanese 8 inxaxheba kwimveliso, ukucocwa, ipolishi of amakrele.

Samurai kwafuneka ukuba njalo iseti yakho yokulwa. Kuba ikrele wanikwa iqhayiya ndawo endlwini, zinendawo engenakuphela kwikona ephezulu - tokonoma. Bona ayegcinwe saso okanye tatikake katanakake. Ukuya ebhedini, amakrele samurai wangqengqa entloko kwi ubude ngengalo yakhe.

A umntu lihlwempu, kodwa babe blade eqolo kwindawo obalaseleyo. Ikrele yaba ufuzisela, nto leyo egxininisa isikhundla ekuhlaleni. Ngenxa samurai likhaba wayenelungelo lokuba anikele ubomi bakhe kunye nentsapho yakhe.

Cwangcisa of zamaqhawe Japanese

amajoni Japanese njalo ephethe amakrele amabini, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba bobabo samurai. njengegorha Kit (Dyce) yayibandakanya yakudubula elide ezimfutshane kunye. samurai Long katana ikrele okanye ukunika (60 to 90 cm) - isixhobo iphambili samurai ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-14. Kuye isemzimbeni amanqaku bhanti phezulu. Elibukhali ikrele ngesandla mnye, kwaba ibleyidi egosogoso kunye nomqheba. Nakoosiyazi bakwazi ukubulala edabini ngesantya umbani amaqhezu yakudubula okuwisa yesibini nokwenza ujingi. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba "laijutsu".

samurai Mfutshane vakidzasi ikrele (Shoto okanye Kodachi) kabini mfutshane (cm-30 ukuya kuma-60) isemzimbeni emphethweni ibhanti phezulu, isetyenziswa alufane, xa elawulwa empini kwiimeko emxinwa. Ekubeni amajoni vakidzasi kunqunyulwa intloko yeentshaba ababuleweyo okanye ukubanjwa ekuthinjweni, benza seppuku - ngokuzibulala. Amaninzi samurai katana zokulwa, nangona kwizikolo ezizodwa uqeqesho alwe amakrele amabini.

Types of amakrele samurai

Ukongeza isethi Dice, kukho iindidi ezininzi ze amakrele Japanese esetyenziswa yi amajoni.

• Tsuruga, chokutō - i ikrele bamandulo de ngenkulungwane ye-11, elintlangothi ngqo sazama amanye kumacala omabini.
• Ken - blade yamandulo ngqo, tsolo macala omabini, lalisetyenziswa kwimisitho yonqulo rarely kusetyenziswa ngokulwa.
• Tachi - ikrele enkulu egosogoso (ubude 61 cm ukusuka kwincam) kusetyenziswa nabakhweli, ezigugileyo phantsi kwincam.
• Nodati okanye Odat - blade ultra (1 m ukuya 1.8 m), nto leyo uhlobo amasela, ezinxitywa emva umkhweli.
• Tanto - angababulali (30 cm ubude).
• Kuba ukusebenzisa kusetyenziswa amakrele bamboo (shinai) kunye neenkuni (bokken). Uqeqesho weapon zinokusetyenziswa mu lupwa umdlali welinye icala ngokungafanelekileyo, ezifana burglar.

Evulekileyo kunye namadoda abakumgangatho ophantsi unelungelo yokuzithethelela iimela amancinci ngezinkempe, kwakubon 'ukuba kukho umthetho kwilungelo banxibe amakrele.

katana ikrele

Katana - samurai yokulwa ngekrele, inxalenye kwezikhali umgangatho egorheni kunye wakizashi blade encinane. Kuye isicelo kwi kubulela ngenkulungwane ye-15 ukuya ekuphuculeni amasela. blade Katana ezahlukeneyo egosogoso yangaphandle, elide yokubamba ngqo, evumela ukubamba ngezandla omnye okanye emibini. I-blade uba begoba kancinane kwaye isiphelo etsolo kusetyenziswa ukusika amtyhalela. Weight ikrele 1 --1,5 kg. Kuba amandla, ukuthamba kunye ubungwanyalala yekrele samurai katana ithatha phakathi kwezinye iincakuba kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini, usika ithambo, lo kuwugcina ngokuwubopha na umpu kunye nentsimbi lidlula Bulat Arab kunye amakrele zaseYurophu.

yacaca mkhandi owayethwele izixhobo, andizange wenza izixhobo, kuba loo myalelo bakhe nezinye iinkosi. Katana - a nomyili, zaqokelelwa ngenxa yomsebenzi weqela. Samurai wayesoloko iiseti ezimbalwa lwezilinganisi, isemzimbeni sihlandlo. I-blade upasisiwe kangangeenkulungwane ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, nemilo yayo kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko.

Imbali katana

Ngo-710, i-swordsman edume Japanese Amakuni kusetyenziswa kuqala ukulwa likrele kunye blade egosogoso. Ezazakhiwe kwamarekhodi saa, waba imilo saber. ukwakheka kwalo akawatshintshi de ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-12 amakrele katana babegqalwa basebukhosini. Phantsi kolawulo shogun Ashikaga isithethe enxibe amakrele amabini, ebe ilungelo kwiklasi samurai. Iqela amakrele samurai yaba yinxalenye costume emkhosini, yoluntu festive. iincakuba ezimbini bonke samurai, nokuba ukweliphi inqanaba, ukusuka esiqhelekileyo ukuya shogun. Emva kokuba revolution, amagosa Japanese kwakufuneka banxibe amakrele baseYurophu, katana, ngoko uphulukene nesidima sawo.

Ifihlo katana

Blade bakhiwa ukususela ngentsimbi iintlobo ezimbini: core yayenziwe viscous aqinileyo ukusuka - elidlula. Steel ngaphambi yacaca lingadlulanga phindo lokudibanisa iintsimbi.

Xa katanas mveliso kwakubalulekile ukukhetha intsimbi, intsimbi ingxubevange ngokukhethekileyo molybdenum kunye Tungsten. Iron iintonga inkosi wemba kule kumgxobhozo iminyaka 8. Ngeli xesha, umhlwa lutshabalalisa nobuthathaka, ngoko ke imveliso bathumela ukuya Eziko. Gunsmith wajika neeBhari e eneli ngehamile enzima. Emva koko ke ngefoyile ye ngokuphindaphindiweyo endiyibumbileyo, atshabalalisa. Ngoko ke, ikhaba ogqityiweyo liqulethe lamanqanaba 50,000 of high-amandla metal.

Ezi katana samurai kusoloko ukwahlula iimpawu umgca jamon, ukubonakala ngenxa yokusetyenziswa iindlela ezizodwa yacaca lukhuni. Watsho sangena nesiphatho tsuka ikrele obvorachivalas ray ulusu yawusongela ibe isiqwenga isilika. Zezikhumbuzo okanye katana kwesithethe enokuba handle eyenziwe ngomthi okanye lwendlovu.

ilifa katana

Ikrele elide angakwaziyo ukuba izinto. Ukubamba nkqi le katana iyasetyenziswa, ekupheleni emphinini ekufuneka zigcinwe phakathi isandla sasekhohlo kunye ngesandla sokunene buthi isiphatho kufuphi yentolongo. wave yolunye izandla zozibini kwenza egorheni ukufumana awo stroke enkulu, ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla amaninzi. Amagalelo zilandelayo wabheka ikrele okanye utshaba ngezandla. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukususa isixhobo utshaba kunye nesikhokelo zokuhlasela ukubetha Betha yakhe elandelayo.

Ancient isikhali Japanese

iintlobo ezininzi iingalo Japanese ukuba udidi abangabancedani okanye aphakamileyo.

• Yumi okanye o-Yumi - combat iintolo (180 ukuya 220 cm), sesona sixhobo endala Japan. Uwa ezisetyenziswa emfazweni kunye kwimisitho yonqulo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, baqhutywa ngaphandle muskets, savela Portugal.
• Yari - umkhonto (5 m), isixhobo ethandwayo ngexesha kwengxabano, elihamba yasetyenziswa ukuba ehlise utshaba lihashe lakhe.
• Bo - pole yokulwa emkhosini, ibhekisela namhlanje izixhobo zezemidlalo. Kukho embodiments ezininzi ipali, kuxhomekeke ubude (30 cm ukuya 3 m), nezinyuko kunye necandelo umnqamlezo (ngeenxa zonke, ezinamacala, njalo njalo).
• Yoroi Doce ingqalelo ikrele inceba, sikhumbuza stylet yaye sisetyenziswe xa babebulawa ababuleweyo ukulwa iqela.
• Kodzuka okanye kotsuka - imela emkhosini, ezisisigxina lisesingxobeni ndawo ishushu, ikrele, yaye ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa iinjongo zorhwebo.
• Tessen okanye Dunsany utiva - ekulweni fan alimwi. Le fan yafakwa kunye iinaliti zentsimbi ziloliwe enokusetyenziswa kuhlaselo, njengoko izembe emfazweni, uyingweletshetshe.
• yentsimbi intonga ukulwa, ifolokhwe amazinyo amabini - Dzitte. It eyasetyenziswa kwi Ixesha wafika nje amapolisa izixhobo. Ukusebenzisa dzitte, amapolisa abamba ngamakrele samurai kusiliwa naye imfazwe, amadoda enogonyamelo.
• Naginata - halberd Japanese, isixhobo penny neemonki, imitha ezimbini kwipali kunye iflethi likhaba encinane ekupheleni. Kumaxesha amandulo, wasebenzisa amajoni unyawo ukuhlasela amahashe utshaba. Ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukuba isetyenziswe njengendawo obhinqileyo iintsapho samurai impahla self-yokuzikhusela.
• Kaiken - ukulwa ukunqunqa basebukhosini. Isetyenziswa for self-yokuzikhusela, yaye akathobela amantombazane ukuba azibulale.

Ngethuba zembujiswano iimfazwe yamakhaya imipu zokuvelisa umpu Japan nezitshixo lenyengane (teppo), abo ingqalelo ukuwathetha awona beza amandla wafika. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16, kwabonakala imikhosi Japanese kunye umpu, kodwa ke isaphetha nekrele laqhuba ukuba kweso kwindawo ephambili samurai isikrweqe.

Katana-Kaji

Amakrele eJapan zisoloko yenziwa ngabantu nabalawulayo, ngokufuthi izihlobo samurai okanye inkundla. Ezinyukayo kwemfuno amakrele izinduna baqalisa kangcono ngensimbi (katana-Kaji). Manufacturing ekreleni samurai kudinga ngenyameko. amakrele nzini yayifana kumsitho zonqulo bayizalisa kunye nemisebenzi zonqulo ukukhusela uyinxibileyo evela amabutho ezimbi.

Ngaphambi kokuba sifike phantsi kushishino, ingcibi wazila ukudla, ityeka kwiingcinga nezenzo zobubi, wenza nokusulungekiswa idini umzimba. Ukuqhubekela icocwe kakuhle kwaye ihonjiswe shime - iimpawu isiko, ephothiweyo yerayisi straw. smithy ngasinye isibingelelo lokuthandaza kunye noqeqesho yokuziphatha emsebenzini. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inkosi ubeka phezu kuge - iimpahla ezifanelekileyo. Bunobungangamela akazange avumele ukuba inkosi onamava ukuvelisa izixhobo ephantsi-esemgangathweni. Ngamanye amaxesha ikrele mkhandi kutshatyalaliswa, oku kungathatha iminyaka embalwa, ngenxa siphene enye. Umsebenzi ikrele umntu angahlala naphi na ukususela kunyaka-1 ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15.

amakrele Japanese kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa

metal Remelted livela zentsimbi magnetic sasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zentsimbi le. Samurai amakrele, ingqalelo ezona kwiMpuma Ekude ziye namandla eDamasko. Ngenkulungwane ye-17 ekuvelisweni amakrele Japanese yasetyenziswa metal evela eYurophu.

Japanese smith blade wambumba ukusuka kwinani elikhulu lamanqanaba zesinyithi oonotsheluza thinnest enesiqulatho carbon ezahlukeneyo. Le iziqwenga ofunwa kunye ngexesha ngokunyityilikiswa kunye kwesinyithi. Elibenze, extruding, waphinda ngokusonga nasekuqiniseni imicwe ezintsha metal kokunikeza umqadi obhityileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, nencakuba siqulathe nobuninzi ezingcakacileyo maleko edidekile raznouglerodnoy ngentsimbi. Ambaxa ephantsi-carbon eliphezulu-carbon metal wamnika ngokuba lukhuni ikrele ekhethekileyo kunye viscosity. Xa mkhandi inyathelo elilandelayo likhazimlisiwe ocean i amatye ezimbalwa ungacinywayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo amakrele samurai waseJapan yenziwa iminyaka eliqela.

Ukubulawa ekwahlukaneni kweendlela,

Ubulunga intsimbi kunye nobuchule samurai idla kuvavanywa edabini. ikrele Good wavumela ukugawula izidumbu emithathu babeka phezu kwezinye. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba amakrele samurai omtsha kufuneka uzame ebantwini. Tsuji-giri (ukubulala ekwahlukaneni kweendlela) - igama zeesampulu rite ikrele elitsha. Amaxhoba samurai baba mfama, abalimi, abahambi kunye baze abantu abadlulayo, inani apho kungekudala iinombolo kumawaka. Abasemagunyeni ndiyakhele iipatroli ezitratweni, abalindi, kodwa abalindi kakubi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo.

Samurai abangazange bafuna ukumbulala omsulwa, wakhetha enye indlela - tamesi-iintsimbi. Kokuhlawula umxhomi, kwenzeka ukumnika ikrele lakhe, waza wazama ngexesha ngokwenziwa umntu ogwetyiweyo.

Yintoni imfihlelo katana olubonakalayo?

Le ikrele katana zinoku-odolwa ngenxa yokuzingca ukulolwa ezo molekyuli. Ngokumane abeke ikhaba othini lwaso, igorha ngokusebenzisa naliphi na ixesha ixesha ndafumana litha elibukhali kwakhona. Sword likhazimlisiwe ngokwezigaba, ezilishumi namavili besila, kunciphisa graininess. Ke inkosi otpolirovyval blade yamalahle uthuli.

Kule inyathelo lokugqibela lwaqhutywa kwi engamanzi udongwe lukhuni ikrele, ngenxa yale nkqubo intsimbi yenzekile matte ngumcu thinnest (yakiba). baziinkosi eyaziwa washiya ukusayinwa poni blade. Emva sifuna tempering kwiiveki ikrele olukhazimlisiweyo. Xa katana waba ayenechaphothi, umsebenzi epheleleyo.

isiphelo

Le ikrele samurai, intengo liyana, njengoko umthetho, nguye lo wezandla iinkosi zamandulo. izixhobo ezinjalo nzima ukufumana, njengoko idluliselwe nemizalwane ilifa nje amazwi. Le katana kuyabiza kakhulu ukuba MEI - ibala le inkosi kunye nonyaka esenziwe ngawo kwi shank. amakrele abaninzi sibekwe kwanokwenza lokomfuziselo, Imifanekiso kwiintsomi Chinese, unokunqanda imimoya emibi. Esingxotyeni ikrele nako ezihonjiswe izivatho.