Le imasti wenqanawa: photo, igama, ubukhulu

Mast - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo emkhombeni, lalo le imasti. umsebenzi wayo ngqo - kusebenza njengesiseko ilungisa lwemasti, NN Andreev (iinxalenye zeli lwemasti), kwakunye ukuxhasa iiseyile. Yintoni enye Ndithi kuni malunga iimasti inqanawa leyo? A lot of ingcaciso eluncedo umdla ufunda kwinkqubo kokufunda inqaku.

Ukuphakama iimasti esi sikhephe, inani

Kuxhomekeka injongo iimasti inqanawa ngabantu obude ahlukeneyo. Abanye ukufika 60 m xa ububanzi m base 1.

Nendlela iimasti ezininzi umkhombe? Inani labo ixhomekeke kubungakanani isitya. Ubude foremast kunye mizzen-lwemasti kuxhomekeke koko ukuphakama ukusuka mainmast. Ngenxa yoko, yokuqala ka-8 \-9 iinxalenye zayo, ize eyesibini 6 \ 7. Oku kungalingani azikho azincame zonke iimpahla. Bona kwakuxhomekeke iminqweno abayili kunye abakhi.

Xa ekubaleni mainmast lwaqhutywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Kwafuneka ukuze ufake ubude kumgangatho ophantsi, kwaye ububanzi mkhulu, isixa ngenxa umahlule ngo ezimbini. Eli nani ubude lwemasti yenqanawa.

Ekuqaleni kuphuhliso nokuthumela imikhumbi kule lori omnye kuphela lwemasti kunye iseyile. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphuhliso lifikile kangangokuba iinqanawa zabo zaziingceba ezisixhenxe.

Isenzeko iqhelekileyo - inqanawa yonikezelo emithathu yaye omnye imasti elibhalwe ngokumileyo.

Igama lwemasti yazo umkhumbi

Indawo lwemasti enqanaweni uchaza igama layo. Ngokomzekelo, xa sicinga inqanawa emithathu nge-, kuyacaca ukuba umsebenzi empumlweni lwemasti wokuqala ubizwa ngokuba "foremast".

Landela mainmast yakhe yeyona inkulu. Kwaye lincinane ubizwa ngokuba 'mizzen-imasti. " Ukuba kukho ezimbini kuphela, lo lwemasti engundoqo lowo ngowona usondeleyo wayesemva.

Ifunyanwa kwindawo ithambekele kwi lwemasti isaphetha ubizwa ngokuba "bowsprit". Xa imikhumbi emidala zokujika-engile yaba 36⁰, ngoku 20⁰. Injongo yalo esentloko ukunika isitya omkhulu sakujika. Oku kuphunyezwa ngenxa yokuba i phambili yakhupha iseyile ezikhethekileyo ngunxantathu.

Ukuba inqanawa iye iimasti angaphezulu kwesithathu, yonke elandela foremast, kuya kuthunyelwa i-1st GROTTO,-2, yaye ke GROTTO. D.

izakhiwo Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza izinto

Amaninzi inqanawa lwemasti (Izithombe ezinye iintlobo zazo, unalo ithuba kubona kwinqaku) zenziwe nathi kuqhubeka omnye komnye. noseko lwalo kuthiwa imasti, kwaye amacandelo layo phambili - iimasti ngaphezulu. Inxalenye nakumphezulu lwemasti obizwa "phezulu."

isikhephe Small lixhotyiswe imasti le umthi omnye (odnoderevki), kunye neenqanawa ezinkulu baxhotyiswe eyakhiwa zizahlulo ezithathu. Bangakwazi lidilizwe xa kuyimfuneko.

Amanqaku lokuvelisa ka - iinkuni okanye isinyithi. Of metal (intsimbi okanye metal ukukhanya) ukwenza imibhobho apho kamva abe imasti enqanaweni.

Imasti eyenziwe inqanawa ngomthi? Zezi:

• Nespruce.
• Larch.
• Kay.
• Stone pine.
• Pitch pine kunye t. D.

Imithi kufuneka ukukhanya emnandi.

iimasti Various zokuhlela

Ngaphambili yohlulwe indawo lwemasti enqanaweni:

• Ngeempumlo.
• I-avareji.
• Ngasemva.

Ukusetyenziswa lwemasti lusisiseko sesahlulo yayo:

• Signal. Le imasti ukunyusa esikhethekileyo okuhlaba umkhosi imiqondiso, seeflegi, izibane okanye ukufakelwa kwe-eriyali.
• Umthwalo. Lixhotyiswe ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo ukulungisa umthwalo boom. Kodwa ukuba kukho imfuneko, unokwenza imisebenzi efanayo njengoko imasti njengomqondiso.
• Special. Le imasti kwenziwe nayiphi injongo ethile.

Ngokutsho ulwakhiwo lwemasti wenqanawa wohlulwe:

• Single. imasti manzi kusetyenziswa for obandayo kwiinqanawa ezincinane, kwakunye ngesikhephe neenqanawa abancedisayo. Bona kweentlobo ezimbini, ziqinile ngokucacileyo.
• Izixhaso. ukwakheka 3 wemibhobho yayo ngentsimbi.
• Ezine-enemilenze. Le imasti igcwele iipleyiti zentsimbi kwi kwisakhelo.
• Bashennopodobnye. indawo eyakhelwe elise amacandelo. Le misebenzi yenzelwe ukuba lokuqaphela kunye nokubekwa izikhundla.

Indawo lwemasti enqanaweni kunye ithambeka

Ukusasazwa navigation unika abakhi ekongeni ukutya engqondo. Kubalulekile ukuba babeke yeepali enqanaweni. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nqanawa ubusiya ulawuleka. kancane kwakhokelela ukuvela imithetho ethile.

Centre of ekupheleni esezantsi lwemasti lichazwa ngqongqo kakhulu. Walijonga iqala kwi kumgangatho osezantsi, bazifinyeza iiseyile yokuqala imiselwe ku-1 \ 9 ubude balo, okwesibini - 5 \ 9, eyesithathu - 17 \ 20. Ezi imilinganiselo Akukho kuqhutywa ngexesha kulwakhiwo iinqanawa zabarhwebi. French foremast inkundla yafakwa kwi-1 \ 10 lomkhombe, ukubala kwakhokelela, ukusuka isaphetha.

Kwithambeka lwemasti nayo ezahlukeneyo, ezinye iinqanawa sabetha kakuhle iimasti, yakuthobela kwi phambili, omnye ngasemva. empahleni emfutshane kodwa ebanzi eyakhiwe iimasti, zibekwe kufutshane phakathi, yakuthobela ngamandla kwi umva. A elide, ngokuchaseneyo, wabeka iziseko nkqo, njengoko kwakukholelwa ukuba ngexesha uhambo ingeniso ukunganyangeki umoya imasti wayenokuyaphula.

Yintoni efunekayo kwi lwemasti inqanawa

Namhlanje, phezu yeepali ezifakwe:

• Uthi.
• Izibane.
• Signal.
• Communication.
• Flags.
• attachments Ayanda (ukuba kungekwamthwalo namkhombe wodwa).

Kodwa nangona oku, le njongo ibalulekileyo lwemasti - ukubonelela inkxaso umkhumbi. Yonke enye into - izinto iqhotyoshelweyo.

Ukulungisa imasti kwiinqanawa

Njani na obandayo nangayo enqanaweni? inqaba enye upasisiwe eqwalasele kuyo kwi umngxuma kumgangatho ongentla kunye loza (lwemasti ezantsi) yi welding, phantsi okanye kumgangatho wesibini. Intambo lebhokisi lwemasti ukuya ebhodini, ngokuba abafana. Inxalenye ngaphambili lwemasti uxhaswe forestay kwaye ukusuka backstays Ukubaleka astern. Le bowsprit omiswe esebenzisa Waterski vulingov ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngentambo eyomeleleyo. Ngoku endaweni iintambo kwi wesekethe.

imasti beenqanawa busisigxina ukuya kumgangatho okanye badlula kuyo kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule isiqu. Ngokusisiseko, ngoku esisigxina phezu kophahla ndlwana of iinqaba ezizodwa kumgangatho. Kule ndlela sokuthimba kukho Okuhle:

1. Isithuba ngaphakathi endlwaneni ikhululekile, oku akuthethi kuyakukuqhwalelisa intshukumo.
2. Kwimeko yengozi le lwemasti, encamathele kumgangatho, musa kubukrazula ezingontsini daka, kodwa bawe emanzini.
3. Beqwalasele kwi kumgangatho unika enye inzuzo - xa kususwa kulula ukususa. Nangona lwemasti ukuvuka kubo zikhangeleke, ubunokufuna nendwe kwesi senzo.

iinqanawa

Imasti iindidi ezinjalo iinkundla zenziwa ngentsimbi kwaye zibizwa ngokuba 'ukulwa ". Ukuze kulo amaqonga ezizodwa, okusetyenziselwa yokucupha okanye Ufakelelo esikhethekileyo ngokubeka izixhobo zokudubula apha.

Ngaphambili iinqanawa imasti zazenziwe ngomthi eqinileyo, kodwa xa udubuleke ngenqanawa iqokobhe lakhe wahlala ngaphandle unxibelelwano. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iintsilelo xesha, ngoku ukuseka trohnogie ekhethekileyo okanye emkhusaneni (fishnet) imasti. Bona abazinzileyo ngakumbi, musa makanganqunyulwa angabikho hit ngqo.

Kuxhomekeka inani izibonda yahlulwe ngabo-, iimo, emithathu, inkundla chetyrohmachtovye.

Uhambo-plan

Zingaphi iimasti umkhombe, igama layo luxhomekeke khona. Pyatimachtovye, chetyrohmachtovye, kwindawo inqanawa 2, 4 no-5 iimasti barquentine (1 lwemasti ngqo ungasuki 2), uBrigadier iimasti-2, kunye Schooner, Caravel brigantine kunye t. D.

Inani iinqaba ezikhoyo kunye nendawo zabo neengcamango - zonke ezo ebalasele.

iinqanawa ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu, kuxhomekeke ukuba zingaphi iimasti ezifakwe kubo:

• iimpahla ngomkhombe Single ezineeseyile, ezi ziquka yawl, Kate, yaye ke sloop. D.
• Ezimbini-ezineeseyile iinqanawa - a uBrigadier, a schooner, brigantine, etc ...
• Three-ezineeseyile iinqanawa: awahlali Caravel, amaxolo, etc ...

A incinane

Ngoku uyazi yintoni lwemasti inqanawa yakhe, njengoko kwenzeka, kuba oko bona, njalo njalo .. Xa ndiphetha Ndingathanda ukuya phambili umganyana ukuya ibali zisixelela ntoni ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nomdla abo banomdla kule sihloko.

Uluntu uye wafunda ukusebenzisa iiseyile zabo eminye iminyaka 3000 eyadlulayo. Xa abantu baqala ukusebenzisa umoya inzuzo yabo. Ke iseyile waba abangekaphuhli kakhulu wayibhinqa ngawo eyadini, ibekwe kwi imasti encinane. Nceda isakhiwo kuphela umoya enobulungisa. Ngoko, ngamanye amaxesha ingqondo kwakungelula ngokwenene.

Kamva, ngexesha kwenkqubo feudal, imikhumbi liye lafikelela uphuhliso olukhulu. Le nqanawa kufakwa iimasti ezimbini iseyile zasetyenziswa iifom ezingaphezu phambili. Kodwa ke uphuhliso imikhumbi ngelo xesha yaye ayisebenzi. Ngaloo mihla, oko ngokubanzi yabasebenzi khoboka. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuphuhlisa olu shishino akukho mntu.

Emva yokuduka abasebenzi ezamahala yaba umsebenzi onzima abalobi. Ukusebenza iinqanawa, intshukumo leyo kunokwenzeka kuphela inxaxheba inani elikhulu bengababheqi yaba akunakwenzeka ukusasazeka kunye nokwandiswa ubudlelwane zorhwebo kubonisa intshukumo ukuya kumgama ngopfu-ngopfu.

Isitya yokuqala ezifezekisayo iimfuno ze-xesha, wabizwa "bubheke". Ekuqaleni kwase iimasti omnye okanye emibini. Ubude bayo ngu-40 m. A izithuthi angakwazi malunga 500 iitoni isitsha ngokwayo.

Karrakka - ezintathu-ezineeseyile nqanawa. La iimasti ezimbini zokuqala baxhotyiswa iiseyile square, eli lase elingunxantathu. Emva koko, ezi ndidi zimbini kwadityaniswa zibe elilodwa kwaye ngere- ngokuba iinqanawa mihla kunye frigates.

Galleon - inqanawa Spanish kunye iimasti 4 bowsprit, nto leyo eye iseyile square.

uphuhliso olunokubakho imikhumbi kwakhokelela kucalulo ecacileyo noweenqanawa. Icandelo zibe iimpahla zorhwebo kunye nomkhosi sizimisele iingalo zabo.