Cruise enomjukujelwa "Tomahawk": imbali, inkcazelo, iimpawu

Emva Second World War kwi Fleet leNtshona Koloni lenze kakhulu imeko enzima. Kwelinye icala, abaninzi kubo ndibe neengxaki. Kwelinye - saba iingxaki ngezithako zawo qualitative. Ngelo xesha, ubonakele ilizwe lethu iinqanawa kunye izikhali enomjukujelwa ezinamandla, ngoxa kwakungekho kufutshane yaye yavuma. Isiseko izithuthi zabo iinqanawa, axhobe iinkqubo zokudubula endala kunye torpedoes.

Ngelo xesha, kwakukhangeleka anachronism eyoyikekayo. Okungaqhelekanga kuphela lo Cruiser (kwase of yenethiwekhi yethu moya) "Long Beach" kwaye yenyukliya moya yenethiwekhi "Enterprise". Yiyo loo nto kule ekupheleni 60s baqalisa umsebenzi bomkhuhlane kwi ekudalweni imijukujelwa iza ilawulwa, abathe bona baba bakwazi ukuphucula kakhulu umlo amandla, loo. Ngoko ke wazalwa rocket enamaphiko "Tomahawk".

Yemifuniselo yokuqala

Kakade ke, lo msebenzi kweli cala kwenziwa phambi xesha, kangangokuba iisampuli kuqala ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, ukuba yoyilo ezindala kakhulu ngokusekelwe. Lowo yokuqala yaba ubukhulu enomjukujelwa 55 intshi ukusetyenziswa izindululi ezifana "polaris", nto leyo esele kucingelwa ukuba umhlala phantsi. Bekucingelwa ukuba uza kukwazi ukubhabha kangangeekhilomitha 3,000. Ukusetyenziswa izindululi eziphelelwe wavumela ukuba 'igazi omncinane "xa sase- imikhumbi emidala.

Lwalo yesibini iye wazifela ngakumbi 21 intshi ukuvuleka irula ekujongwe ukubaleka ngwenya inomzimba. Bekucingelwa ukuba kule meko kwalomqolo kuba malunga 1,500 neekhilomitha. Ngamafutshane, umjukujelwa cruise (US) "Tomahawk" wayeza kuba inqala ukuze bakwazi ihlebo imikhumbi eSoviet. Ngaba iya kuba baseMelika ukuphumeza injongo yawo? Makhe sibone.

yabaphumelele contest

Ngowe-1972 (ngesantya kuyamangalisa, ngendlela) sele ukhethe inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye isindululi phantsi imijukujelwa iza entsha. Emva koko ke ekugqibeleni evunyiweyo ekunikeni zabo usekela elwandle kuphela. NgoJanuwari, ikhomishini karhulumente sele ezikhethiweyo ezimbini yabaviwa ethembisayo ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo ngokupheleleyo. I sicelo sokuqala yaba inkampani imveliso ezaziwayo-kakuhle Jikelele Dynamics.

Yaba imodeli UBGM-109A. Isampulu yesibini kwakhululwa kancinane-yaziwa (kwaye lwaphembelela nokubi) inkampani LTV: ngexabiso UBGM-110A. Ngowe-1976 baza baqalisa ukuvavanya yi iimodeli isebenza isebenza ababekhwele ngwenya. Ngokubanzi, akukho nanye ezikhundleni eziphezulu, yaye wenza akukho mfihlakalo ukuba abaphumeleleyo sele ngqalelo engekho 109A model.

izincomo ezintsha

Ekuqaleni kuka March, iKomishoni kaRhulumente yagqiba ukuba i US iza enomjukujelwa "Tomahawk" iya kuba igeyiji engundoqo leenqanawa kumphezulu US. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, wenza okokuqala kwase ababekhwele kweso USS. NgoJuni walo iimvavanyo moya ngempumelelo uguqulelo enomjukujelwa isikhephe wadlula kulo nyaka. Yaba isiganeko elikhulu kwimbali imbali iphela zithuthi, njengoko waba ukuphehlelelwa yokuqala ukusuka ngwenya. Kule minyaka mithathu izayo izixhobo ezintsha ngokubanzi bafunda kwaye yavavanyelwa, yavelisa malunga nekhulu isebenza khona.

Ngowe-1983, i-ntlanu isaziso sokuba enomjukujelwa omtsha iza "Tomahawk" ivavanywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye alungele ukuqala kwemveliso series. Malunga nexesha elifanayo thina kubantu uphuhliso yasekhaya ngokupheleleyo kwimihlaba efanayo. Sicinga ukuba uya kuba ndifun ukwazi malunga nokusebenza usisizalwane izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezixhobo utshaba okunokwenzeka Cold War. Ngoko ke, iza evuthayo "Tomahawk" yaye "abanjalo" uthelekiso.

Ukuthelekisa ne "ukuvuleka"

• ubude Hull ngaphandle isiqalo namafutha ( "Tomahawk" / "Gauge") - 5.56 / 7.2 m.
• Ubude ukusuka wokukhulisa ukuqala - 6.25 / 8.1 m.
• Evulekile - 2.67 / 3.3 m.
• Ubunzima zikhali non-yenyukliya - 450 kg (US / RF).
• Nuclear Power ngobuwena - 150 / 100-200 kt.
• Isantya Flight cruise evuthayo "Tomahawk" - 0.7 M.
• Izinga "bodidi" - 0.7 M.

Kodwa aninako ukwenza i Uthelekiso zicacileyo uhla yokubhabha. Into yokuba axhobileyo US Army zombini izikhali ezintsha nokulungalungiswa ubudala. Abadala zixhotyiswe kuphela warhead yenyukliya kwaye inokubhabha ukuya ku 2.6 amawaka. Km. bear zikhali New eqhelekileyo, uluhlu cruise, "Tomahawk" imijukujelwa iyokutsho ku-1.6 amawaka. Km. "Yokulinganisa" Ezasemakhaya ukuthwala zombini iindidi toppings, lebanga 2.5 / 1.5 th. Km ngokulandelelanayo. Ngokubanzi, oku iingalo salathisi iinkcukacha ngokoqobo ayahlukanga.

Le nto ubonakala imijukujelwa iza "Tomahawk" yaye "abanjalo". Uzithelekise ibonisa ukuba iimpawu zazo zombini iindidi yezixhobo ngeenxa ncam. Oku Isantya kunjalo ikakhulu. AmaMelika ke mna, Bulunge ukuba eli nani imijukujelwa yazo ngaphezulu. Kodwa yotshintsho esandukubakho "bodidi" akazange kubhabha kancinci.

ukucaciswa basic

Le ndlovu ezintsha kwezixhobo baqhubeka icebo moya monoplane. Housing zezindlu fairing imilo ogival. Iphiko ngokuthi isongwe kwaye ingontsi kwi gumbi ekhethekileyo, ibekwe kwinxalenye usembindini rocket, esemva somfanekiso emnqamlezweni. Ekwenziweni embodiments ezahlukeneyo zezindlu aluminiyamu, epoxy intlaka kunye carbon nefayibha. Bonke babe ukumelana flow ephantsi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba isantya "Tomahawk" iza enomjukujelwa iphezulu kakhulu. Nayiphi "lirhabaxa" xa iimpawu ezinjalo ziyingozi kuba izindlu angawa nje ukuhamba.

Ukuze kakhulu ekunciphiseni lo ukubonakala ukuba isixhobo silungele Elinye Labaniki ndawo kulo lonke kumphezulu izindlu ukuba asebenzise yayisoma okhethekileyo. Ngokubanzi, kule nkalo, imijukujelwa iza "Tomahawk" (iifoto apho uya kubona kwinqaku) ulunge kakhulu ngakumbi kukhuphiswano. Nangona Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba indima ezikhoyo radar lahlukile bobabo ngokomfuziselo moya, apho enomjukujelwa iyabhabha kangangoko kunokwenzeka usebenzisa iimpawu ngengingqi, ukuphakama ubuncinane.

iimpawu Warhead

I 'bonisa "eziyintloko umjukujelwa na warhead W-80. ubunzima bayo ngu ngeekhilogram 123, ubude - imitha enye, ububanzi 30 cm Ubuninzi amandla kokubukela -. 200 KT. I-dubulo kwenzeka emva kokuba ukudibana ngqo kunye nenjongo fuse. Xa usebenzisa nuclear ukutshatyalaliswa bepali nenqaba kwindawo exineneyo ungaba kuze ukude kangangeekhilomitha ezintathu.

Enye phawu lubalulekileyo eyahlula a enomjukujelwa cruise "Tomahawk" yi ukuchana lokwalatha eziphakamileyo kakhulu, ngenxa apho iimbumbulu okwazi embetha amancinci-ubungakanani kunye wajika neethagethi. Amathuba oku ukususela 0.85 ukuya 1.0 (ngokuxhomekeke basiwe kwezinye iindawo kunye kwindawo yokuqala). Ngamafutshane, ukuchaneka "Tomahawk" iza enomjukujelwa iphezulu kakhulu. warhead Non-enyukliya a ethile weentonga lihlaba inyathelo angaquka nokubunjwa kwayo ku 166 bom abanjalo encinane. Ubunzima mali ngamnye kule meko 1.5 kg, they are bonke ngeentambo-24.

iinkqubo zokulawula kunye sokukhomba

ngobuciko High sokukhomba inikwa yi umsebenzi ezidityanisiweyo lweenkqubo telemetry ezininzi:

• Elula kubo - inertia.
• Kuba ngokulandela iikhonto ngengingqi aphendule inkqubo TERCOM.
• electro-enombala Inkonzo DSMAC ndibopha ivumela ezizodwa ngqo strike enomjukujelwa flying ngqo le njongo.

Iinkcukacha iziphaluka yolawulo

Inkqubo elula inertia. Ubunzima zokusebenza eekhilogremu 11, kusebenza kuphela kwi kwisigaba zaseprayimari nezasesekondari yokusabela. Oku kuquka: on-kwibhodi computer, kukho iqonga inertial kunye altimeter ngokwanelisayo ezilula, olusekelwe phezu Barometer ethembekileyo. Ezintathu gyro wagqiba enomjukujelwa umzimba ixabiso ukutenxa kwikhondo kwangaphambili kunye accelerometers abathathu, esebenzisa ngazo kwi-ibhodi elektroniki ibhaqa kakuhle yokunyusa accelerations. Eyedwa, le nkqubo ikuvumela ukunyenyisa oqikelelwa kuma-800 eemitha ngeyure ye-flight.

Apho enokuthenjwa nezichanekileyo DSMAC, banayo uguqulelo kakhulu obuphambili imijukujelwa iza "Tomahawk BGM 109 A». Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusebenza kwalo izixhobo kwinkumbulo kwezixhobo kufuneka pre-zithwele uphando idijithali yommandla apho fly Tomahawk. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ucwangcise nomphetho nje lokulinganisa, kodwa lo mmandla. Esi sikimu, ngokuzenzekelayo, usebenzisa nje kuphela US iza evuthayo "Tomahawk", kodwa zasekhaya "Granite".

Ulwazi iindlela kunye nezityalo iqala

On iinqanawa ukugcinwa nokuyiphehlelela izixhobo olu hlobo zingasetyenziswa njenge inomzimba rhoqo kwaye uqale ezizodwa shaft nkqo (malunga ngwenya). Njengoko imikhumbi umphezulu, ngoko ke ziyaxhonywa container izindululi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inqanawa enomjukujelwa "Tomahawk", sicinga iimpawu apho zigcinwa capsule sentsimbi esisodwa "ilondolozwe" kwi koxinzelelo oluphezulu nitrogen umaleko.

Ukugcinwa phantsi kwezi meko kunceda nje ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza eqhelekileyo ifowuni iinyanga nje 30, kodwa ukuba oko inomzimba mphini eqhelekileyo ngaphandle iinguqulelo design yakutshanje.

Features device amandla

On lweenqanawa ezintywilayo waseMelika iye zohlobo ezine inomzimba eqhelekileyo. Bona ibekwe ezimbini kwicala ngalinye. I-engile - degrees 10-12, apho unako ukwenza uluhlu inomzimba kunye kubunzulu ubuninzi. Le yobunyani kakhulu ukunciphisa izinto mbala. Pipe unit nganye inamacandelo amathathu. Njengoko kwimigodi inomzimba ekhaya, imijukujelwa US ebekwe kwi izileyi inkxaso nezikhokelo. Ukudubula kuyaqalwa kuxhomekeke kuvulwa okanye ukuvalwa zeyunithi lid, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima "wadubula phezulu" xa inomzimba liqhuma ngwenya kakhulu.

Ngasemva le inomzimba unalo window ukubukela apho ukwazi esweni ukuzaliswa kwisisu yayo kunye oomatshini karhulumente, yepresha. Kukho kwakhona iqhotyoshelweyo nezigqibo elektroniki esi sikhephe, elawula inkqubo lokuvula kumaqweqwe isixhobo, ukuvalwa wabo kunye nenkqubo start-up ngoko nangoko. Cruise enomjukujelwa "Tomahawk" (iimpawu zaso uyakwazi ukufunda kweli nqaku) zitshiswa emgodini ngenxa ukusebenza actuators hydraulic. Enye akwitankana efakwe kwisixhobo zonke ezimbini kwicala ngalinye, isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Okokuqala, le nkqubo wondla umthamo othile umoya, nto leyo yenza kwangaxeshanye intonga lombhobho hydraulic.
• Ngenxa oku, iqala inike amanzi inomzimba kwisisu.
• Ekubeni kokuba zizaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi, ukusuka kwicandelo ngasemva, em- na xinzelelo, irula ejection ezaneleyo okanye inomzimba.
• Ubume wonke wenziwe ukuze ngaxeshanye kunye netanki isitofu bangathungelana kwisixhobo enye kuphela (oko kukuthi, ezimbini macala omabini). Oku kuthintela non-uniform ukuzaliswa izigcayiseli inomzimba ukuqanda.

Njengokuba besesitshilo, kwimeko leenqanawa kumphezulu esetyenziswa nkqo itshatyalaliswe canisters zokuqalisa. Kwimeko yabo, kukho igxothwa isigxina yangumgubo, nto leyo evumela ezinye ukwanda flight uluhlu cruise enomjukujelwa "Tomahawk" ngokonga injini kwakhe ubomi noMlondolozi.

inkqubo badubula Management

Zokuyenza loo onke amanyathelo zokuzilungiselela yaye, enyanisweni, qala-up, banoxanduva kuphela emi iingcali emsebenzini, kodwa umlilo inkqubo yolawulo (aka CMS). amacandelo zawo zibekwe kwigumbi inomzimba kunye nakwiNdlela kwebhulorho. Kakade ke, anike ukuze ukuqala umsebenzi kuphela ukusuka kwindawo esembindini. Kukho kwakhona kubonakala izixhobo ezingasafunekiyo, ebonisa iimpawu ngexabiso kunye ukulungela yayo lokwazisa-time.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe inkalo ebalulekileyo unxulumano waseMelika. Basebenzisa uhlengahlengiso ezimbaxa inkqubo kunye nomanyano. Ngamafutshane, a lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezimbalwa kunye neenqanawa umphezulu, ezo axhobe imijukujelwa iza "Tomahawk", iimpawu yokusebenza ezifumaneka kweli nqaku, ukuze isebenze njenge "ephilayo" single, ndimkhulule amagalelo ekujoliswe efanayo phantse ngexesha elinye. Ngenxa amathuba aphezulu embetha nokuba inqanawa okanye iqela utshaba oluya kunye nenkqubo yokhuselo enamandla kwaye sekhombuya ziya phantse ngokuqinisekileyo kutshatyalaliswa.

Ukuqalisa i isikhali cruise

Emva kokufumana umyalelo ukuqalisa ulungiselelo hlolisiso iqala, ekufuneka athathe kungekho ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-20. Ngelo xesha linye uxinzelelo kwi ityhubhu inomzimba nezithelekiswa ukuba kubunzulu ukuntywiliselwa ukuqalisa imijukujelwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Xa ufaka zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukwenza badubula. Xa isignali sifunyenwe, hydraulic utyhala enomjukujelwa ngaphandle kwam. Phezu kwayo ihlala ngezantsi malunga 50 degrees angle, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngenxa iinkqubo ukugcina i. Kungekudala emva koko seta Pyrocartridges fairings ukuba amaphiko eyaziswayo kanjalo ekwenzeni, izomelezi ifakiwe.

Ngeli xesha umjukujelwa ixesha sokuntingela ezinobude nama-600 m phezu inxalenye engundoqo indlela flight ayidluli kwi ukuphakama kuyimitha 60, kunye nesantya -. Ifikelela 885 km / h. Okokuqala, isikhokelo kunye nezinga lonaniselwano hlengiso ibonelela inkqubo inertial.

Ukulungiswa

Namhlanje AmaMelika ixesha sisebenzela ukwandisa uluhlu moya kanye ayi amathathu okanye amane amawaka. Azuze kwezi zalathisi icetyelwe ngokusebenzisa injini entsha, amafutha, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima rocket ngokwayo. Sele kuqhutywa uphando kuphuhliso izinto ezintsha ezisekelwe carbon ifayibha iiplastiki ngakumbi, nto leyo beqine kunene kwaye ukukhanya, kodwa kungabizi ngokwaneleyo ukuze esebenzisekayo kwimveliso mass.

Okwesibini, licwangcisela ukuphucula kakhulu ukuchana zokukhomba. Ukuphumeza oku kulindeleke ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwe yoyilo iiyunithi ngexabiso elitsha elijongene endaweni satellite ngqo.

Okwesithathu, amaMelika bekungayi engqondweni ukwandisa ubunzulu ukuba ebaleke iimitha ezi-60 ukuya (ubuncinane) yeemitha 90-120. Ukuba bephumelela, into yokuba uqale-up "Tomahawk 'kuya kuba nzima ukuba ziqondwe. Kufuneka kuthiwe abathungi basekhaya xa kungoku esebenza phantse imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa ngokuphathelele 'Granite "wethu. Ukongeza, umsebenzi phantsi ndlela kummandla yokunciphisa radar imijukujelwa utyikityo kunye zokumelana zokhuselo.

Ukulungiselela le njongo, sihlelwe ukuba kusetyenziswe iinkqubo zekhompyutha enamandla ngakumbi ukuba asebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye izixhobo ingxolo ingcinezelo. Ukuba konke oku kuya kusebenza kwi entsonkothileyo, kwakunye isantya ziza kwandiswa, i "Tomahawk" njani ngempumelelo ukudlula ngenkqubo air wokhuselo lwezintlu abaninzi.

ithuba Eyahlukileyo Korea banamhla aseMelika ithuba ukusetyenziswa zabo UAV: rocket inokubhabha ngenjongo ekujoliswe kweeyure hayi ngaphantsi kwe 3.5, apho xesha edlulisela yonke idatha kwiziko yolawulo.

isicelo yokulwa

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala izikhali ezintsha ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa ngexesha edume "Operation Desert Storm", nto leyo yaqaliswa ngo-1991 waza wayalela ngokuchasene norhulumente Iraq. On lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kunye neenqanawa kwezithuthi-kwamanzi ngasentla Amerika ngokusesikweni 288 "Tomahawk". Kukholelwa ukuba ubuncinane 85% kubo ukufeza iinjongo ezichaziweyo. Ngexesha ungquzulwano ezininzi, ebandakanya eUnited States ukususela ngowe-1991 ukusa kwixesha langoku abaye bachitha amagalelo iza ubuncinane 2,000 zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha kusetyenziswa kuphela Iimboniselo non-nuclear.