Amalungu okugaya: ukugaya kunye nokufana

Ukugonywa yinkqubo sonke esingazi kakuhle, lo ngumzimba ngokwawo kwinqanaba le-reflex. Le nkqubo yinkimbinkimbi, ngoko umbuzo womntu ofunayo "Yintoni ukugonywa?" Kusemthethweni. Ukususela kwinqanaba lobungcali, le nkqubo yenkqubo yokutya ukutya, umzimba kunye nemichiza. Ngenxa yoko, kuba lula ukufumana izinto, kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma.

Izitho zokugaya inyama zixhamla izitho ezingenanto, zongezwa ngeengqungquthela, ezikunceda ukutshabalalisa izibophelelo zeekhemikhali kwizinto. Ngokomzekelo, i-carbohydrate yamatatezi kunye ne-carbohydrate yesonka zihlobo lwesitashi, azikwazi ukugaya kuze kube yilapho ama-molecule esitokisi achithwa kwi-glucose. Iprotheni yenyama, nayo, ayikwazi ukujongwa yodwa-kubalulekile ukuyichitha kwizinto-i-amino acids (apho umzimba unokwakha iprotheni yayo). Amafutha ngokwawo awakwazi ukuvela ngaphakathi kwimeko yenyama - kuphela emva kokuba i-acids fatty acids kunye ne-glycerin.

I-physiology yokugaya i-digestion yinto yokuba izinto ezingaphakathi komzimba, umzekelo, azifumaneki kwindawo yomzimba. Ngenxa yoko kufuneka baninzi utshintsho. Kwaye emva kokungcola kwincinci kunomdla. Amagumbi okugaya afaka i-fover, i- glands kunye ne-pancreas. Ukongezelela, eludongeni lwezitho zokugcoba kukho izilwanyana ezivelisa izinto eziyimfuneko zokugaya. Zonke iindonga zigqutywe nge-mucus, ngoko ukunciphisa amathuba okulimaza iigobolondo zethenda.

Ngendlela yokutya, ukutya kuyaphathwa ngamazinyo, ngoko kudibanisa ne-saliva. I-Saliva ifihliwe ngamathathu emibini yeengqungquthela ezinkulu kunye nezinye ezincinci. Kulo lwakhiwo lunezixhobo zendalo, amaminerali kunye nemveliso yokubola kwama-leukocyte. Kodwa into ephambili - iqulethe ezimbini ze-enzymes - i-ptyalin (i-starch) kunye ne-maltase (ikwahlula iswekile ye-rye, ibhali, njl.). Ukususela emlonyeni ngomqala, ukutya kungena kwisigxina.

I-esophagus ibhubhe, ebizwa ngokuba yinto echanekileyo. Ihlanganiswe ngeplitilium eplaniliyamu ehlukeneyo . Ezi iiseli zihlaziywa rhoqo, njengoko kulula kakhulu ukulimaza. Ukwahlula kwenzeka kwiindawo eziphantsi, ngelixa inxalenye yangaphandle ixutywe kwaye iphonswe kwisisu kunye nokutya. Kwi-submucosa kukho inani elincinci leengqungquthela - i-scopus gland. Ngasondeza isisu zifana ne-substance exreted esiswini, zithwala igama leengqungquthela zomzimba. Ekuqaleni kwesigxina kuninzi lweemisipha ezibethekileyo, kodwa kwisithathu esezantsi kukho kuphela i-fibrel muscle. Inkqubo yokugwinya iqala ngokuqaphela, kodwa ke impendulo yempendulo ivuliwe. Emva kwesisu, ukutya kuthathwa ngamalungu enje okugaya njengesisu kunye namathumbu.

Isisu sisebenza njengomxube obalaseleyo ngenxa yemisundu ephucukileyo. Kulo lungu, ukunyuka kweprotheni kuqala ngoncedo lwe- enzyme pepsin, iibhaktheriya zibulawa yi-hydrochloric acid. Ngenxa yesigxina esiswini , i-semi-liquide yinto enqunywe ngayo-i-chyme ifumaneka. Ezinye iisaliti, amanzi, utshwala, amanye amayeza athatyathwa kuwo. Isisu senza into echasene nesifo.

Emva kokuba ukutya kufike emathunjini amancinci. Ubude balo buphakathi kwemitha ezintandathu. I-30 cm yokuqala yi-duodenum. Iqhotyoshelwe kumalungu angummelwane kwaye ijikeleze intloko ye-pancreas. Emva koko udlula kwi-skinny, kwaye i-ileum. Kwi- intestine encinci , inkqubo yokugaya igqityiwe, kwaye ukhethe imveliso yokutya igalelo kwigazi kunye ne-lymph. Kumathumbu amancinci kukho iifom ekhethekileyo-villi, eyandisa kakhulu indawo yokunyuka. Kule ngxenyeni yamathumbu, amacembe esesibindi (bile) kunye ne-pancreas flow. Ngenxa yoko, kukho apha ukuba i-carbohydrate, amafutha kunye nama-proteine ekugqibeleni ayagciniwe kwaye agcitywe. Yaye amafutha afika ngokukhawuleza kwi-lymph, edibanisa negazi.

Kwimathumbu enkulu, ukutyalwa kweendlela ezithe zagqitywa, kodwa sele sele "sele" bebhaktheriya. Ukuphuza amanzi, kunye nokutya konke kufumana ukuhambelana kwamagqabi. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, umyinge womsebenzi obalulekileyo ulindele ithuba lokususwa kwinkqubo yokuchasana. Ngaloo ndlela iphetha inkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Kubalulekile kuzo zonke izitho zokutya, kuphela umsebenzi wazo odibeneyo unokunceda iiseli zomzimba zihlaziywe ngenxa yokufumaneka kwezinto zokwakha kwiiseli.