Ubude yethumbu

Yethumbu yinkqubo zokwetyisa lomqolo ezininzi. Kufuneka ube ngqo emva isisu. Ethunjini isigxina ekwetyiseni ukutya ongena ebantwaneni, ukufunxeka kwezondlo ngokunjalo kokususa (ngobungxamo) izinto undigested.

Kwezinye izilwanyana, wokugaya nje kule sebe. Kulo mzekelo, ubude emathunjini ixhomekeke iintlobo zezilwanyana, ingakumbi ukutya kwabo ukutya kunye nobudala.

Eyona nto yakudala lobume closed zesebe yokwetyisa ihlasela flatworms kunye coelenterates (cnidarians colonial). Le yokugqibela kufuneka umngxuma omnye gastrovascular apho ukutshintshisana kwezinto phakathi umntu apho amandla, kunye namanye amalungu koloni. Xa flatworms kukho lokuvula enye ekufumaneni ukutya kunye nokususwa kwenkunkuma.

Lomqolo (izinambuzane, molluscs) ilifa emathunjini, eziquka amaqela amathathu (cipande, ngomva nakumathumbu eliphakathi). Inxalenye ephambili ibandakanya umlomo, goiter, pharynx, kuvuleke iminxunya, sise Ezomva ingquza kunye ezinqeni, embindini - enyanisweni, emathunjini, neempahla Malpighian, isisu. Ezinye izixhobo baye evert emathunjini. Ngoko kokudla kuthwalelwa phandle.

Imibungu ye lamprey-peskoroek kunye Amphioxus babe emathunjini ngokwaneleyo ngqo amancinci. Authority iqala ngoko nangoko emva kwisisu oropharyngeal. ubude lampreys omdala yethumbu incinane (akukho ngaphezu umzimba ngokwawo). Authority iqala ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kuvuleke iminxunya unalo isivingco ngokohlobo saya. Ngenxa kule longitudinal Absorption kunye ukwetyisa indawo ulwando oluphindwe ezijikeleze-ezimile. ivalve Ukonakala ekhoyo kunye Le ntlanzi ithandwa nookrebe.

Abaninzi ubude emathunjini ezinomqolo ikuvumela ukuba alabe libe ngamacandelo - a Amathumbu ngqo, ezinkulu nezincinane. Kulo mzimba lubonakaliswa iimfihlelo nepancreas wesibindi. Ekuqaleni le ezinqinileyo iintlanzi emathunjini ibekwe waso pyloric (iinkqubo abangaboniyo). amanani zabo ezahlukeneyo. Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini aba ke duodenum, kwaye cloaca ivula isikali.

Land ezirhubuluzayo herbivorous kakuhle-phambili cecum. Le ukwakweli kumda kwiCandelo ezinkulu nezincinane. Ubude emathunjini (obhityileyo) iintaka izihlandlo eziliqela ubude umzimba. Ukususela ukwahlulwa esingasemva luvula kungena cloaca, oko esahlula outgrowths ababini abaziimfama. Ezinqeni kunye ikholoni ungekho.

izilwanyana ezitya utyani ube emathunjini elide ngokwaneleyo. amacandelo abaziimfama noboya ngexesha elifanayo eziqulunqile kakuhle. ikholoni ubude besikrekrethi unako ukufikelela 53% obude iyonke emathunjini. Ezidla ke imfutshane kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, omnye emathunjini emfutshane, nto leyo ixesha elide kunokuba ubude umzimba izihlandlo 29-35 enkunzini - 14, ihashe - 12, kwaye Wolf - 6. Inqatha ndilibalule ohleli Cya relationship, banayo kakhulu kakuhle kuphuhliswa herbivorous.

Emathunjini abantu yeyona inkulu iqumrhu wokugaya nkqubo. Iqala ukusuka esiswini kwaye iphela nge ingquza (ingquza). mass Ukutya lihamba nge peristalsis (ngumtshangatshangiso-ezifana kwamathumbu). Xa inkqubo ukwetyisa ababandakanyekayo, oko kumzimba izinto kwaye zimisela izihluma. Le kokudla isabelo git lwenziwa phandle kuphela, kodwa nokufunxwa elements izimbiwa ukusuka ukutya, intlaka yokuhlanganisa iminombo echumileyo iihomoni ezithile, iinkqubo omzimba.

Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, ubude amathumbu ebantwini (omdala) imalunga eziimitha ezine. Ekuzalweni, ineminyaka emithathu eemitha, ukuba ngakumbi ukwanda usana komndilili izihlandlo ezintandathu. Ubude amathumbu zabantu emva kokufa uyanda kwaye malunga ezisixhenxe ukuya iziimitha ezisibhozo. Oku kungenxa ukunyenyiswa izihlunu emva kokufa.