Amanqanaba ekukhuleni kwengqondo njenge inzululwazi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuba namhlanje

Xa kuthelekiswa eliphuma kwingcingane-bulumko, imbali lasungulwa nophuhliso inzululwazi amancinci. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ubhaliso bengqondo njenge njengesebe elizimeleyo yolwazi lwenzululwazi kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo ezininzi, apho bakha ulwazi kunye nokuqonda umphefumlo womntu - i "iyaxokozela", "ezingacacanga" kwaye ngezwi elingaqondakaliyo, kodwa lude comprehensive onjalo, nto leyo eye izinikele isifundo kwengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, izigaba ezingundoqo zophuhliso engqondweni lungohlulwa lube pre-lwezenzululwazi, ezivele kumaxesha amandulo, bulumko - elide kakhulu, xa kangangeenkulungwane eqokelelweyo base benziwa kwingcamango ethile komelo nawazibonayo izazinzulu zo malunga indoda "ihlabathi ngaphakathi 'yakhe, nesayensi oqala ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX, xa baqalisa ukuba kwenziwe uphando lokuqala zovavanyo kule ndawo.

izigaba yembali ekukhuleni kwengqondo ekuqaleni kumaxesha amandulo. Ukuze siqonde uhlobo lomntu zizanywe zobulumko zamandulo. Baqiniseka ukuba ukhona wenkqu elinoxanduva indlela yakhe. Materialists capita zivezwa umzimba wenyama yabhalwa-athom umzuzu ndinamaphupha babekholelwa ukuba ishawa engabonakaliyo ezithile into zexeshana awayengabemi umzimba womntu nokuba kwaye befaka ubukrelekrele ephakamileyo. Omkhulu Aristotle akazange ukwahlula umphefumlo okanye "psyche" lomzimba, kukholelwa ukuba ise entliziyweni yomntu oluhlala ulwazi iphela kwaye kunceda umntu ukuba aqonde ngokwakhe ebomini.

ingxaki umphefumlo kwavusa iingxoxo ezingapheliyo kwaye kumaXesha Aphakathi. Nezazi wayenqaba imfundiso zeentanda-bulumko umphefumlo kunye nophando zendalo lwenzululwazi, ukukholelwa ukuba yonke into emhlabeni, kwaye ingqondo yomntu ingakumbi lilawula isidalwa waphezulu. Scholastics azama connect with iimfundiso zenkolo kwethiyori Aristotle ukuba achaze iinkqubo ezisentlabathini ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa ingqondo yomntu, "ukukhanya" ukholo kaThixo.

Amanqanaba alandelayo kuphuhliso psychology njenge inzululwazi kufuneka luqale ezingqondweni kwenkulungwane XVII, yaye enxulumene kwithiyori Descartes, owadala imodeli ngomatshini yokuziphatha. Ngokutsho umphefumlo wakhe, ibekwe ebuchotsheni kwaye senza kubume bayo, kulandela phezu luvo mafutha kwizihlunu, leyo ikuvumela ukuba imilenze ze enze izenzo ezithile. Ukongeza, imvula ivumela umntu ukulawula izenzo zakhe, yintoni umahluko kuye evela isilwanyana. Le ngcamango dualistic, ebonisa ubukho umphefumlo, iqumrhu lolawulo kunye ngoncedo imodeli ngomatshini, nangona kuphuhliso lolwazi komzimba yoluntu amalungu, sele kudala ibe phambili waza waba kwindawo yokuqala ukwenzela uphuhliso beengcamango kamva kwengqondo.

Amanqanaba ekukhuleni kwengqondo e ngenkulungwane XVII, ezinxulumene nokukhula ngokukhawuleza nenzululwazi yezobugqi. Chemistry, physics, kwaye ke kule XVIII amalungu ngenkulungwane, ukuze kufutshane ekuqondeni indlela ukudluliselwa kolwazi emzimbeni womntu, ziye negalelo ekubeni kusekwe kwaye ukuyilwa kwento kwengqondo yenzululwazi. Ekugqibeleni, ngenkulungwane XIX kubonakala yokuhlalisana kunye ilebhu lokuqala yokulinga, uvumela ukuba bagcine ngayo kunye nezenzo zomntu. Ukususela ngelo xesha, ukuyilwa amanqanaba amatsha kuphuhliso psychology njenge isayensi kwi yokuziphatha. Oku kwaqala nge-nzulu waseJamani W. Wundt, wavula ngo-1879, ilebhu lokuqala isifundo lomxholo nolwakhiwo seengcamango. Kamva, ilebhu efanayo ihlelwa-nzulu Russian yendalo V. M. Behterevym.

psychology Modern iqala uphuhliso yayo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini njengoko ingqokelela amasebe ezahlukeneyo ulwazi, kuquka iindawo zophando nayo ukuba sifunde ezibonisa ezahlukeneyo psyche injongo kunye neendlela zayo. Ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini izigaba zanamhlanje ngengqondo yophuhliso - lo ukuvela kunye nophuhliso eziliqela ndlela kunye nezikolo (behaviorism, ngokwasengqondweni, analytical, ngezengqondo humanistic , njalo njalo), banezimvo zabo malunga abantu kunye neendlela zazo yokuziphatha, zidla ngokuphikisana ezinye. Nangona kunjalo, kunye kukuqiniswa ulwazi ephikisanayo ngokwasengqondweni phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukileyo egudise, kukho indlela eclectic, nokuphuma iingcamango okhoyo iikhonsepthi uluncedo kakhulu ukuqonda iziganeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezisebenzayo xa unceda umntu ukuphucula nokuhambelanisa ubomi bakhe.