American machine M16: iinkcukacha, uthelekiso okhuphisana

M16 kumatshini - le kwezikhali ephambili US Marine Corps ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Isampuli umi elinye, imifuziselo ethandwa eziqhelekileyo izixhobo oluzenzekelayo ehlabathini.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwemveliso series ukuya kuthi ga ngoku iye yakhululwa malunga nezigidi ezisibhozo iikopi. Nangona ukuvela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa kunye ezahlukeneyo ezingezinye ungakhuphisana kunye nemodeli M16 umpu usaqhubeka ukonwabela imfuno ebanzi kwimarike. Nomdla izixhobo ezinjalo akuyona into amajoni zobungcali, kodwa ke abameli kwicandelo yoluntu.

Imbali uphuhliso

Eyona nto ifunekayo ukuze uphuhliso kumatshini M16 iziphumo zophando ezizodwa ngexesha leprojekthi ALCLAD ejolise ekuchongeni oonobangela zokonzakala ukufa amajoni US kwixesha emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I nesiphelo kwiMfazwe yaseKorea. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba malunga ne-70% zokwenzakala ezibe amanxeba eziyingozi kwi edabini. Emathunjini, iingalo ezincinane accounted for%-20 nje kuphela yabo bebonke.

Isigqibo iphambili yophando imfuneko ukudala izixhobo ukukhanya, esizokwenza ukuqhuba umlilo oluzenzekelayo bodidi encinane izixhobo kunye sakugcina nomthelela. Icacisa parameter wenza ithuba ukuzibandakanya iithagethi kumgama omalunga neemitha ezingama-500.

Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-1957, lo umyalelo otshatsheleyo US Army kwaba ekuqaleni kolu khuphiswano yokuphuhlisa ezona ayisindi umpu ukuvuleka ngaphantsi kwe 5.5 mm. Phakathi kwezinye iimfuno waphawula: ithuba ngokudubula imo zombini abangatshatanga automatic, ubukho iCartridge ivenkile ngokwaneleyo capacious, isakhono kwii isigcina ukhuseleko kumgama oziimitha 400.

a lot lonke uphando sele inikezelwe kwi inkokheli yomkhosi. Noko ke, kubonakala ukuba ethembisayo imodeli AR-15 abanjalo 5,56 mm. Ngenxa iindlela eziphantsi esangweni mass iqela isampulu wabonisa amanqanaba aphezulu okuchaneka xa zokudubula imfazwe amaqashiso abangatshatanga nofolo.

Ngowe-1964, kukho uluhlu olubanzi AR-15 afohlela zokuguqulwa esele yenziwe, emva koko wasuka wanikwa igama elitsha - ngokuzenzekelayo M16. Ukususela ngo-1996, isampuli lwamkelwe ngokusesikweni yi-US Army, yena isetyenziswe njengento kubuywa le uMarines eVietnam. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha kanye ukulwa umbayimbayi yaba nemipu kakhulu elala neli ivuke neliya. Ngoko ke, kamva kwafuneka ukwenza imodeli uphuculo ezininzi.

M16 Automatic: ezizodwa zobugcisa

siqonde ukuba yintoni na busemngciphekweni ukuba ngcono, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu imodeli. ingathengwa Popular ngokuzenzekelayo na imida zilandelayo:

• Ukuvuleka - 5.5 mm;
• ibhanti ubunzima ngaphandle components ezongezelelweyo - 3.1 kg;
• ivenkile ubunzima eqhelekileyo (sisothula) - 117 g;
• ingathengwa nge ubude nelangatye arrester - 991 mm;
• ubude komgqomo - 508 mm;
• iingalo ubude onencula ntli - 1120 mm;
• uluhlu olusebenzayo - 400 m;
• adubula izinga - up to rounds 950 ngomzuzu;
• yokuqala Isantya bullet lokuhamba - 1,000 ngomzuzwana.

zikwazile

wenza njani ngokuzenzekelayo M16? imodeli standard Housing yohlukile indibano ngokwanelisayo elula. Umamkeli iqulathe iziqingatha ezibini ezahlukeneyo - phezulu nasezantsi. Zombini zenziwe workpieces aluminiyam lwenkohliso kusingathwa ngayo koomatshini eliphezulu ngqo. Namhlanje kukho kwakhona kukho iisampuli ukusetyenziswa yorhwebo eziqulathe ngumamkeli lonke, ipepper evela aluminiyam billet esiqinileyo.

Udibaniso lwe iinxalenye ezimbini noshowo imodeli lwenziwa yi ukusetyenziswa zokubopha ezinqamlezayo ngohlobo nezikhonkwane zazo lula zisuswe lwezindlu. Olu phawu lula kakhulu disassembly M16 imisebenzi ukucocwa izicwangciso iindlela nokugcinwa izixhobo.

isimiso ukusebenza

M16 - Umatshini, apho iigesi propellant ephambukiswa ukusuka umjelo umphanda, edlula ityhubhu obhityileyo ukuba unefuthe kwisakhelo esangweni, oko kukuthi, ebuya umva. Ngaphezu koko, shutter esijikeleziswa, ebezikuyo imveliso clutch ukusuka umphanda. Isakhelo isango liyagungqa phantsi kwempembelelo yengcinezelo intsalela efunyenwe egumbini. Ngoko usebenzisa uxinzelelo emthonjeni bahlehla, apho umkhono leyo betekisi ukusuka umphanda. Ukuququzelela izixhobo inkqubo recharge, ababhekisi phambili saphumeza abathile shutter lag kwindawo ngasemva.

Isixhobo kubangela

Ngenxa umgaqo lokusebenza American oluzenzekelayo M16? imifuziselo Photo USM ukubonisa ukufana kakhulu ngamalungiselelo zokusebenza ugcwalisa mbutho brand "Browning Auto-5." Iindlela yokusebenza inkqubo asibambe lukhethiwe ngokusebenzisa DIP (imodeli kuthuthwa) okanye isikhundla ezintathu (izixhobo zomkhosi) eyenziwayo. Le yokugqibela ibekwe ekhohlo kwi umamkeli ngentla emphinini.

Kuyenzeka ukufaka itshintshela abakwizikhundla ezininzi. Ngamnye kubo linoxanduva lokusebenza kwezixhobo ngeendlela ngamnye:

• Safe - ukuthintela ukulahlwa ngengozi.
• Okubonisa - ukudubula ipali eyodwa.
• Auto - adubula kwimo oluzenzekelayo.
• Burst - umsebenzi weqela kuqhume 3 (umsebenzi emelweyo kwiBhunga M16A2 imifuziselo elungisiweyo kunye M16A4).

emehlweni

Njengoko emehlweni ngaphambili yonxantathu isixhobo abalibona kusetyenziswa. iseti ezimbalwa lokugqibela emva, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukugcina umlilo echanekileyo iziqhushumbisi umpu ezinamaphiko.

Ukubona ezimela emphinini xa ezithutha izixhobo. uqwalaselo layo kwenziwa ngokuguqula inani konqakrazo a flywheel ekhethekileyo, eyenzelwe ukulungiswa.

iinketho

Kwilungiselelo umgangatho, umatshini M16 yenziwa ngeendlela iingalo zokucoca, ezo zicwangciswe ankile. Kwinxalenye ekunene yomfumani unalo "rammer" esangweni. Le yokugqibela kusetyenziswa kwiimeko xa esisezantsi ngamandla, nto leyo inikwa lokuqhubeka emthonjeni ukubuya.

M16 - umatshini leyo mayixhotyiswe isindululi isiqhushumbisi 40 mm. Iinguqulelo zale mihla isampuli ziqulathe ngabakhokeli ebuntsimbi for obandayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokukhanya.

Le M16A2 bubonakaliswe ukulungisa kugqame, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba zokudubula zombini ekunene lasekhohlo.

shop

Dining ababekule isiqu kungenxa wokungeniswa zakutshanje lowu ibhokisi mqolo-mbini. Njengoko kunokubonwa iifoto ezindala kumatshini M16 ekuqaleni weza kwisampula kwiivenkile umthamo oversized kwemijikelo-20. Kamva, iinkqubo zentsimbi kunye aluminiyam sele ziphuhlisiwe ukuba adume lamaqhosha-30.

Okwangoku, ukuba umpu epheleleyo kufumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi iivenkile kunye umthamo ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka 7-10 neekhatriji iisampulu ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa emkhosini, yaye ukuya iimbumbulu 40 imifuziselo yokulwa ngokupheleleyo ezisetyenziswa paramilitaries.

kokulungiswa

American umpu womatshini M16 na iinguqulelo ezininzi ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, kuqala - a M16A1 rifle M16A2.

imodeli M16A1 Lomqulu uhlobo lokuwandisa indibano standard isampula. Phakathi ukuphuculwa luncedo ukuphawula imbonakalo womatshini "ramming" esangweni ilangatye ethembekileyo arrester, oluphuculiweyo isiqu buffer. Ukuze ugqibezele imodeli entsha yaphuhliswa yi ivenkile ezinkulu 30 rounds kunye silencer olusebenzayo ekwaziyo abathintela amaza omsindo xa zokudubula iimbumbulu eqhelekileyo 5.5 mm.

Enye ukuguqulwa - M16A2 - umphanda zixhotyiswe ngamandla aphezulu, ukuphucula izixhobo abalibona, lempundu eyenziwe polyamide yokothuka-ukumelana, kunye zengalo entsha. Kanye imodeli odlulileyo, isampuli waqalisa ukuxhotyiswa ngeplastiki zokuthenga ezilula ukwenzela kwemijikelo-30.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa kwezi iinguqulelo ngentla saphuhliswa liqela imipu ngomatshini, zokuzenzela ne imipu submachine:

1. M-4 - elifutshane, uguqulelo okulula M16A2 umpu oluzenzekelayo kunye ngendlela ephuculiweyo ngakumbi ekhaleni wayaphula.
2. M733 - a umpu, okwabizwa ngokuba esile kommando. Oku kusetyenziswa yimikhosi ezizodwa US umkhosi, imikhosi amapolisa njengoko isixhobo omkhulu oluzenzekelayo.
3. SR-47 - uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwiivenkile ukusuka AKM edubula ezinkulu-abanjalo emthethweni.
4. Barrett REC7 - umpu oluzenzekelayo, kuphuhliswa ngokusekelwe M16 nemoto ngenxa zokudubula zakutshanje isampuli 6.8 mm ukuvuleka.
5. SIG 716 - kamatshini neekhatriji ka-7,62 mm (NATO standard).

abadla malunga nokusebenza kwe M16

Zombini abasebenzisi kunye neengcali ngokwemveli kuthelekiswa M16 kunye Kalashnikov rifle. Emveni kwezi iisampuli lwezixhobo ezincinane kwaqwalaselwa ukusetyenziswa okukhulu ngquzulwano idumileyo emkhosini.

Kukho iimpazamo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo sesona kwaye athelekise Kalashnikov kunye M16. Okulandelayo, khangela ezinye zazo.

I ukungaqondi lokuqala - inqanaba elisezantsi ukuthembeka M16. Eyona nto ifunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe uluvo bekukho iziganeko ngasekupheleni-imi- 60 yenkulungwane yokugqibela, xa ezingalweni US Army wafumana wokuqala M16 (Umatshini ogama iimpawu musa kunxibelelana eyaziwa noluvunyiweyo iimfuno elikhankanyiweyo) exhasiweyo. Emva komboko ukulungiswa kunye neendlela esangweni sebenzisa bacela iingxaki neekhatriji lophawu kunye ukusebenza umpu iye yaphela.

Xa iincwadi Russian kusekho kwegama yesibakala sokuba M16 kufuneka ukucoca rhoqo kakhulu - malunga rhoqo 300 ipali. Enyanisweni, lo iisampuli umgangatho bayakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwesidingo yesondlo, ukuchitha igcina iimbumbulu malunga 50-60.

Enyanisweni, entsimini ukuze nikhonze isixhobo onjalo akukho nzima ngaphezu efanayo Kalashnikov rifle, kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi lula. Ngokukodwa ukuba umsebenzi wokucoca kufuna isampuli disassembly yeziXhobo ezimbalwa. Ezi ntshukumo zilandelayo lwenziwa ukuba umpu nkonzo:

1. Oluphumayo isikhonkwane ngasemva kwi receiver. Njengoko indlela kusondele kwanele ukuba usebenzise iCartridge oluqhelekileyo. Ngoko izinto zokubopha kususwa kwicala ukuya ekunene.
2. kuphuma Lo ufumana ne zityalo isikhonkwane ngaphambili.
3. Ngoncedo umqheba intonga iqela isilayidi cocking isusiwe, emva koko uyakwazi ukuqhubeka nenkonzo yalo.
4. Indibano elandelayo womatshini lwenziwa ukuze reverse.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imfuneko yokuba ukuphunyezwa inyathelo ngasentla kwenzeka kuphela isixhobo kungcoliseko kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngokumalunga ukucocwa kwamanye amacandelo, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ityhubhu igesi ngamanzi. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho arhente ezikhethekileyo wokucoca okanye separafini oluqhelekileyo.

Enye ukungaqondi uphathelene ubeko yomgama kwe M16. Bakholelwa ukuba oku kubangela ukwanda okubonakalayo iprofayili ye utolo kwi utshaba ngelixa ukudubula. Noko ke, xa usebenzisa umgca kwenzeka ngexesha ukudutyulwa ngokufihla umgca yobude emehlweni linyuke iisentimitha-2 kuphela xa kuthelekiswa ne-AK-47. Kaloku, xa zokudubula ukusuka kwindawo uvaleke kunye umpu epheleleyo iivenkile amancinci-ubungakanani i parameter kunye ngaphantsi ekhankanyiweyo.

Kukholelwa ukuba i-M16 ezenzekelayo singasebenzi okanye asihambelani kakuhle ukuziphatha yokulwa bengaxhobanga. Ukuze siqonde indlela eyinyaniso lo mbono, kufuneka ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo yobume zonke izinto zokubopha ezikhethekileyo zokulungisa umpu ngenxa lofakelo onencula phantsi umphanda.

Kakade ke, uhlobo izinto ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso kunye nebandla neempawu aluboneleli umsebenzi isampulu ngenxa unkqonkqozayo ngaphandle emnyango kunye ndandisisigculelo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo njengoko ezilahliweyo. Noko ke, kule melee ngoku azifane zenzeke ngexesha yokulwa kanye, i-M16 unako kakhulu ngempumelelo ezinokusetyenziselwa le njongo. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba elihamba esiqhelekileyo, ngaphandle afohlela, ekhutshwe ngompu inkonzo, nto leyo isicombululo kangangoko lokuqhuba amadabi ezikufutshane.

Ekuphetheni

Njengoko sibonile, isidima American M16 umpu lee nobubi bayo. Akumangalisi ukuba uthotho koomatshini baba ubume isixhobo 1 hayi kuphela US Army. Ukulungiswa ezahlukahlukeneyo isampuli standard baphumeze ngempumelelo inkonzo yazo kumazwe amaninzi EROPA, Asia nkqu kwinkonzo kwezinye States.

Okwangoku, uthunywe ulawulo aphezulu i-US imfazwe ngenkuthalo ukusebenza ekudalweni kwezixhobo ezintsha oluzenzekelayo iyakwazi ukuvuleka oluzenzekelayo M16 push mihla ukuya kwisiqalo. Ngaphandle koku, le afohlela kule ntsapho ayisuseki kwinkonzo kwaye ezisetyenziswa yi-US kwezomkhosi amabala lishushu ehlabathini.