American umlobi yesayensi Norton Andre: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Norton Andre inenekazi omkhulu fiction, kulo lonke bebhalela wam ufumene iimbasa ezininzi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Yaba intokazi elinonokazi ngokwenene. Ngenxa usiba Kwathi malunga namashumi amathathu izele neenoveli, uze ubhale kwaqhubeka phantse de ekufeni kwakhe (yena wafa yena ebudaleni enzulu ubudala, neminyaka engama-93).

umbhali ngobomi bomntu

Norton Andre ukuqalisa ukubhala umsebenzi wakhe waba igama elahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - Alice Mary Norton. Yena wazalwa ngo-1912, ngoFebruwari 17 kwi-US (eOhio, Cleveland Town). Igama kayise yaba Adalbert Ncokola Norton, waza owned inkampani leyo ukwenza eyenzelwe iikhaphethi. Igama lonina wakhe yaba Bertha Stemm, yena engaphangeliyo, yaye emva koko umama wakhe wanceda nombhali ukulungisa iimpazamo imisebenzi.

Little Alice akazange kuphela umntwana, waba udade, owayeneminyaka abadala kwe elinesixhenxe. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa umahluko ubudala nodadewabo zazikufuphi kakhulu. Kwakhona, umbhali elizayo zange ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo, wakhetha ukuba ukufunda iincwadi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba endlwini Norton ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Veki nganye intsapho batyelela kwithala leencwadi lasekuhlaleni, kwakunye nomama Alice ukususela intombi ebuntwaneni waqalisa iincwadi kunye nemibongo ukufunda. Sele kwixesha elizayo xa umbhali elizayo waya esikolweni, abazali wavuza iincwadi bakhe isifundo elungileyo. Konke oku kuye kwanempembelelo enkulu bayahlelwa Norton abaselula.

Ngoxa ukufunda esikolweni Alice waqala ukubhala amabali yakhe yokuqala, apapashwa kwiphephandaba eludongeni yesikolo (ukuba umhleli zoncwadi kuyo). Kanye ngeli xesha, yaye incwadi yakhe yokuqala kwathiwa, eyapapashwa ngo-1938. isifundo wayo ozakube usaqhutywa yaqhubeka ngowe-1930 kwi-Case Western University Reserve. Kuyo, uye wafundela de-1932. Kulo nyaka yena waya kusebenza unolayibrari kwithala Nottingham e Cleveland. Wasebenza apho iminyaka phantse mabini.

Emva koko waba umfundi uMartin Greenberg iminyaka esibhozo (ndivakalisa indlu "Gnome Press"). Ekugqibeni kwakho ukusebenza kunye nayo, Norton wayengacingi ukuba ingeniso esisigxina, yaye waqhubeka iincwadi zokubhala, ngokupheleleyo nikela yena kule unobangela. Ngowe-1966, umbhali wafudukela Winter Park eFlorida njengoko impilo yabo. Apha wayehlala de-1997, emva koko wafudukela ngaseTennessee Murfreesboro. Kulapha ukuba wayehlala yonke imihla yakhe. Umbhali wafa ngo-2005, elinesine kaMatshi. Wayeneminyaka engu asithoba-emithathu.

Ukufumana umsebenzi creative Norton

Le ncwadi yokuqala, ephuma Norton ngo-1934, yaba inoveli emkhosini, "umyalelo Prince kaThixo." Ngomhla icebiso abavakalisi yawo ngaloo mnyaka, umbhali wathabatha mbumbulu Andre. Ayekholelwa ukuba kunjalo ukutsala ingqalelo ngakumbi le ncwadi, ayaphuma Norton (nithi, abafazi musa kwanya ngelo xesha). Andre Norton, ogama iincwadi baninzi kangaka, ngo-1947, waqala ukubhala iinoveli ayinyani. Eyokuqala kwezi yaba imveliso "Abantu kuloo mngxuma." Ukususela ngoko, uye ebhaliweyo ngaphezu kwesinye elinamanci kunye nemisebenzi mathathu.

Umbhali ezininzi amabhaso

Norton Andre ngomsebenzi wakhe wokudala ufumene iimbasa ezininzi. Sibala ezibalulekileyo kubo.

• Ngowe-1964, umbhali ukhethwe i Hugo Award ngenxa ezintsha best (wachongwa umsebenzi "Witching Yehlabathi", ebhaliweyo kunyaka ongaphambili).
• Ngowe-1965, Norton lawongwa ngebhaso le Association of Scouts yaseMelika.
• Ngowe-1977 waba uphumeleleyo i Hugo Award ( "Gandalf", "inkosi Ozukileyo fantasy") of.
• Ngowe-1979, umbhali waba kaNobel of "Balrog" ibhaso. Iijaji kunikezelwa impumelelo ebomini.
• Ngowe-1983, Norton ukhethwe mbasa "Balrog" ngempumelelo umsebenzi yeminyaka mahlanu yokubhala.
• Ngowe-1984 waba umbhali kaNobel Nebula Award, "nguGrandmaster".
• Ngowe-1987, waba uphumeleleyo Yehlabathi Fantasy Award.
• Ngowe-1997, i-Hall of Lodumo Science Fiction kunye fenetezi.
• Ngowe-2002 waba oyiphumeleleyo South-Eastern ibhaso inzululwazi-fiction ukuba iinkonzo uhlobo.

Ukongeza, i-American Association for ababhali yakusasa Andre Norton imbeko isihloko Grand Master. De kube ngoku, yena uhlala umfazi kuphela kukufumana kuyo.

bomjikelo imisebenzi "Witching ihlabathi"

Kukholelwa ukuba lo mjikelo - enye edumileyo, leyo zabhalwa Andre Norton. Iincwadi kulo baninzi (iziqwenga ngaphezu amathathu). Ukongeza, umjikelo ngokwayo sahlulwe series eziliqela. Makhe sihlole kubo.

• "Estkarp" "(iintsomi igqwirha ihlabathi", "Witching World," "Three nxamnye wizarding ihlabathi," "Web wizarding ihlabathi," "Wizard wizarding ihlabathi," "Ngamakrele ezintathu" njalo njalo. D.).
• "Isiko wizarding ihlabathi." Le ngqokelela iquka inoveli "Igazi Ukhozi", "zesigcawu isilika", "maxoxo Grimmerdeyla", "Sand Sisters," "I-lifa kumgxobhozo Sorn," "Ikrele yokungakholelwa", "Changeling."
• "Halleck High" ( "The Year of inqu emqeleni", "Crystal Griffin," "Legends Yehlabathi Spellbound", "Belt nengwe", "Mtshabhise Zarstora", "Griffin nempumelelo", njalo njalo. D.).
• Kufakwe uthotho "inguqu enkulu", eziquka yaye "Iimfihlelo yehlabathi witching."

Uthotho iincwadi, "Stargate"

Olu luhlu ibhekisa ngekhonkco Fighting Fantasy kwaye ibandakanya ezi ncwadi zilandelayo:

• "Umsebenzi" Ukufuna Time ".
• "Mgwaqo ixesha."
• "Khangela phezu ezinqumlayo ixesha."
• "Stargate" (le ncwadi yayibhalwe 1958).

Uthotho iincwadi "yomrhwebi elinamandla"

Olu uthotho neenoveli, ibali malunga adventures abarhwebi ezamahala abahamba inqanawa yayo kwizikhewu ezikule wendalo. incwadi nganye ubalisa ibali adventures zabo nendlela ukujongana neentshaba esendleleni yazo.

• "Inkwenkwezi ekuthinjweni."
• "Flight to Yiktar".
• "Ukuzingela okuyingozi."
• "Nobuzalwane izithunzi."
• "Inyanga amakhonkco amathathu."

Uluhlu eminye imisebenzi Norton

Kakade ke, loo manqaku ikhankanywe apha ngasentla - hayi zonke ezibhaliweyo umsebenzi yam yonke njenge umbhali Andre Norton. Kwakukho abantu abaninzi ngakumbi. Makhe sijonge ezinye zazo. Xa imveliso "Star Hunter" malunga inkwenkwana owanyamalala ngexesha ekuweni kwisiphekepheke emahlathini. Khangela kuba yaqala kuphela emva kokuba iindaba ukuba nguye indlalifa intywenka enkulu. Ke kulula kakhulu ukuba indawo inkwenkwe sele ikhule ukuya kwenye, nto leyo yindlalifa. Zonke adventures ezi abalinganiswa kwaye zifundwe kule ncwadi "Star Hunter".

Ezi zilandelayo ncwadi kakhulu umdla ukuze (i series le ncwadi a series).

• Uthotho "Ukumkanikazi Sun". Sasiqulethe imisebenzi odumileyo ezifana "Sargasso of Space" kunye nabanye.
• Uthotho "inguqu enkulu" (oko kuquka le misebenzi ilandelayo: "Izibuko iinqanawa ezilahlekileyo", "Exile", "Ithemba Ukhozi" kunye nabanye.).
• "Ceza emehlweni yihakinto."
• "Ivumba Magic," "The Wind in ilitye."
• "Iron yindawo."
• "Kukho ubusuku ngaphandle iinkwenkwezi."
• "Imiyalelo iNkosana."
• "Nyana umntu obalaseleyo."
• "Ubuncwane ugqatso twi" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

isiphelo

Njengoko sibona, Norton Andre waphila ubomi lixakekile ezintle wabhala inani elikhulu ngemisebenzi, nto leyo abalandeli emininzi ziyahlonelwa ze uhlobo afunde. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda incwadi yakhe, uqale edumileyo, ukuba nakanjani na uza othanda.