Empire yaseByzantium: ingqukuva. Igama kwekomkhulu loBukhosi yaseByzantium

Igama kwekomkhulu loBukhosi baseByzantium - ndaba mpikiswano olungenasiphelo izizukulwana ezininzi mbali. Enye imizi amahle inkulu ehlabathini wayenxibe amagama eziliqela. Ngamanye amaxesha ziye zasetyenziswa kunye, ngamanye amaxesha - ngokwahlukileyo. Igama yamandulo kwekomkhulu loBukhosi baseByzantium akunanto yakwenza igama mihla mzi. Indlela yokuguqula igama kwesinye sezixeko ezinkulu yaseYurophu ukutyhubela iinkulungwane? Zama ukuqonda.

Abemi yokuqala

Abemi yokuqala eyaziwayo imbali Byzantium baba Megara. Ngo-658 BC. e. afumana idolophu kwi kwindawo kwaza le Bosphorus waza wayibiza ngokuba Chalcedon. Phantse ngexesha elifanayo kwelinye icala Strait of Byzantium rose dolophu. Emva kweminyaka elikhulu embalwa, zombini elalini beza kunye ndakunika igama laloo mzi omtsha.

Steps to Prosperity

Indawo unique wejografi yesixeko kuvunyelwa ukulawula sicatshulwa nempahla oLwandle Omnyama - ukuya kunxweme eCaucasus kunye eAnatolia e Tauris. Ngenxa kulo mzi ngokukhawuleza wenza ubutyebi yaba kwelinye lamaziko zokuthenga inkulu of the World Old. Le dolophu itshintshe abanini ezininzi - ukuba yayilawulwa amaPersi, baseAthene, yiMakedoni, yiSparta. Ngowe-'74 BC. e. namandla Vizantiume wayithimba eRoma. Ngokuba umzi oko kwakuthetha beqala ixesha lokuphumla kunye nentlalontle - phantsi kokhuselo legionaries yamaRoma dolophu waqalisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza.

Vizantium eRoma

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha Vizantium bejamelene ingozi yokwenene. Umbango ongunaphakade phakathi begazi baseRoma ilungelo kubizwa mlawuli kukhokelele iphutha elibi. AmaByzantine wathabatha icala Pistseniya Niger, apho umlawuli akazange. E Rome, jize ezibomvu yokwaleka Septimus North - ijoni kwalaph, inkokeli omkhulu wamajoni ngophakathi amafa. Nomsindo luyambombozela Byzantines, umlawuli omtsha uBukhosi baseRoma wathabatha Byzantium ibe yayidodobala elide. Emva ukruthakruthwano elide phakathi amaByzantine wawungqinga zanikezelwa. izenzo zomkhosi Long-term bazisa umzi lentlekele nentshabalalo. Mhlawumbi I sixeko Engavumi ngokutsha ukusuka uthuthu, ukuba kungekhona noMlawuli uConstantine.

igama elitsha

WoMlawuli entsha lokufuna oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma baqalisa umsebenzi wayo kunye nenani lamaphulo zomkhosi, nto leyo yakhokelela uloyiso-mkhosi baseRoma. Ukuba umninindlu imimandla oluninzi uBukhosi baseRoma, uConstantine wajongana nesibakala sokuba amazwe zasempuma ilawulwa irhuluneli yaseRoma ikwimo semi-elizimeleyo. Kwafuneka ukucutha umgama ophakathi embindini kunye nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Kwaye uConstantine wagqiba ekubeni abeke kumazwe olusempuma isixeko yesibini ngobukhulu waseRoma. Wama alapho Vizantiume waza wayalela imigudu yayo ukuguqula le lali chweba ibe ikomkhulu okhanyayo eMpuma uBukhosi baseRoma.

Uguquka yaqala kunyaka 324. UMlawuli uConstantine umkhonto wakhe zibekiwe umda ababekweso sixeko nemimandla. Kamva kuloo mgca udonga umzi ingumasipala ezintsha zafakelwa. eninzi imali kunye nokubandakanyeka lobuqu mlawuli wenza ummangaliso kunokwenzeka - nje emithandathu iminyaka, yaba isixeko capital ngokulufaneleyo isihloko eso sixeko. Ukuvulwa grand senzeka ngomhla we-11 Meyi 330. Ngale mini, umzi ifumene umfutho omtsha kuphuhliso. Wadla ubomi, yena ngenkuthalo nelinabemi nabafiki kwezinye iingingqi ubukhosi, iye fumene nokuvelela bezinto, ezazibonisa ikomkhulu elitsha. Ekubeni le dolophu got igama layo elitsha - eConstantinople, waza waba ngobuwena ufanelwe yonke into emelwe uBukhosi baseByzantium. Ikomkhulu meko idla ngokuba iRoma yesibini - udade esempuma ubukhulu kunye nobungangamsha akukho ndlela obuphantsi kumzalwana walo entshonalanga.

EConstantinople and ubuKristu

Emva ekwahlulweni omkhulu uBukhosi baseRoma, eConstantinople yaba embindini karhulumente omtsha - Mpuma uBukhosi baseRoma. Kungekudala ilizwe wabizwa ngegama lokuqala nekomkhulu yayo, yaye iincwadi zembali lafumana sootvetstvkyuschee igama - uBukhosi baseByzantium. Ikomkhulu eli karhulumente idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwe ubuKristu Orthodox.

ibandla yaseByzantium abathi bangamaKristu obudala. Abemele ezinye nemisinga amaKristu yaseByzantium babegqalwa njengabaqhekeki. Lo mlawuli yaba isimntwiso nezehlabathi, kunye nobomi yonqulo lizwe, kodwa hayi ngamandla kaThixo, njengoko kunjalo kaninzi oozwilakhe empumalanga. Isithethe zonqulo kakhulu yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano imisitho yehlabathi kunye nezithethe. Umlawuli wanikwa inkululeko ngegunya likaThixo, kodwa kunjalo ke wonyulwa phakathi abafayo. Kwakungekho ngokulandelelana Institute - akukho nomini okanye ulwalamano lobuqu akuqinisekisi itrone lamaByzantine. Kweli lizwe, wonke umntu abe ngumlawuli ... kwaye phantse nguthixo. Yaza inkosi leyo, yaye isixeko ngokupheleleyo amandla kunye nobuhle, esikolweni nakwizinto zonqulo.

Ngenxa yoko a ambiguity ethile kwinkcazelo waseConstantinople njengoko umzi apho kuBukhosi yonke lamaByzantine iye bagxila. ikomkhulu olukhulu eli lizwe ibe yindawo lokuphambukela izizukulwana ezininzi amaKristu - the icawa buvele amabandla nje emangalisayo.

UYayiro Byzantium

Phakathi nenkulungwane yokuqala karhulumente wemfundo baseMpuma nokuxubana waqala ebalulekileyo, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba zikwazi ukutsala umdla kubamelwane babo elifumileyo. Rusichi rhoqo intaba, bazisa ekhaya izipho abatyebileyo kumazwe akude. Uhambo eConstantinople njengoko nomama ebungqoleni koobawo bethu, okwasasazeka ukuba igama elitsha Russian kwekomkhulu loBukhosi baseByzantium. Oobawo ebizwa isixeko eConstantinople, ngaloo ndlela sigxininisa ubutyebi namandla alo.

Ukuwa bukhosi

Yonke indawo ehlabathini ekugunyazisayo ekupheleni kwayo. Kuye akukho kule ngxaki kunye uBukhosi baseByzantium. Likomkhulu urhulumente kanye zamagorha babathimba, baphanga neento yi amasoldati Ottoman. Emva nokusekwa ukongamela Turkish dolophu ezilahlekileyo kunye igama lakhe. Abanikazi ezintsha ayethanda ukuzibiza ngayo Stanbul (Istanbul). Iingcali zeelwimi athi igama ikopi efana nqwa singakugqwethi igama yamandulo yesiGrike-nkqubo - isixeko. Yaba phantsi kweli gama, kwaye isixeko yaziwa ngeli xesha.

Njengoko ubona, umbuzo wokuba yintoni ikomkhulu yoBukhosi baseByzantium, nendlela kuthiwa, akukho impendulo enye. Kuyimfuneko ukuba aveze ixesha umdla zembali.