Amphora - oku ... Ubukhulu kunye neentlobo zitsha

Amphora - uhlobo olulodwa cookware efumene yande Greece yamandulo neRoma. Zitsha kufika zobungakanani neemilo. Ngaphezu koko, nabo baphathe uphawu ethile. Yintoni na? Oku uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Amphora - a ...

Okokuqala, kufuneka sifumane ukuba yintoni na amphora?

Incazelo amphora ilizwi kakhulu umdla. Ukusuka lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "umgqomo kunye izibambo ezimbini."

Amphora - zizitya yokubamba ekhethekileyo evuthelweyo ukuba macala omabini. Kaninzi ezantsi zitsha etsobhileyo, bakhomba. Le nkcazelo apho wenza oku isitsha kumaxesha amandulo, ubukhulu becala udongwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho amphora yobhedu.

E Greece yamandulo neRoma, zifakwe enze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, zisetyenziswa:

• njengoko umgqomo ukugcina iimveliso ulwelo (oyile ezahlukeneyo, newayini, ubisi, isiselo okanye ubusi);
• njengomvuzo uloyiso kwezemidlalo;
• nje asuke lengcwaba okanye ufakelo zokungqinga yokungcwaba.

Amacala zitsha yahluke kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, zinezintlu ezilitha ezi-5 ukuya 50 ulwelo. Kwaye Greece yamandulo amphora (Umqulu iilitha 26,03 ogama) nokuba kusetyenziswa njengeyunithi - igama lesiGrike elithi "italente".

ngezigaba zitsha

Heinrich Dressel - umphengululi waseJamani kunye zakudala ngubani kanye benza izifundo zitsha yamandulo. Ezantsi ungabona njani le ndoda wakhangela. Ngokukodwa, uye iphuhlise typology eneenkcukacha zitsha yamandulo. Labaphandi zasekhaya igalelo elibalulekileyo isifundo le hlobo izitya wenza zakudala Sergei Monakhov.

Kwikhathalogu yakhe (yapapashwa ngo-1899 eJamani) Heinrich Dressel laqalisa iintlobo 45 zitsha yamaRoma. Wakwazi ukumisela ubudala ngamnye kubo. Bamnceda ke amagama consuls, adla kuzo zonke zitsha. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zokuhlela Dressel kusetyenziswa kude kube ngoku, xa kuyimfuneko ukuchonga i ezafunyanwa ethile zakudala.

Iifom zokuqala 6 typology Dressel - a amphora Roman yewayini. Baya asusela I st. BC. e. - II art. n. e. Amphora ukusuka th 7 ukuya we-12 weefayili - oko ke iimpahla Spanish ukuba nokugcinwa kweentlanzi. Ngaphezu koko, lo nzulu ikhathalogu waseJamani sele inikwe kamva amphora iimeko, yabhalwa leminyaka III okanye kamva.

amphora Greek - njengophawu lobomi kunye nokufa

Amphora Babonakalisa zombini ubomi nokufa. kungaba njani oku?

Ngenye imini, ebudeni bemba Chersonesos - kwisixeko samandulo ZesiGrike eCrimea, abembi zafumana zitsha engaqhelekanga, leyo esingekangcwatywa iintsalela abantwana. Ngoko ke, ezi mpahla kumaxesha amandulo wadlala indima nabizayo. Ukongeza, ngamangcwaba yabadala kwakhona afunyanwa rhoqo ekhwele phezu i amphora.

Kwelinye icala, isiGrike amphora sesona esizalweni ababhinqileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngabom inkululeko iimpawu ababhinqileyo. Ngoko ke, nkqu izinto amphora zaye zachongwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: entanyeni, isiqu, imilenze neengalo. Ngawo la amagama banikwa amphora ayikho ngengozi.

Ngenxa yoko, Amphora - yinqanawa ufuzisela ukuzithemba kwakunye ubomi nokufa.

Phi nendlela yokufumana amphora yamandulo?

ngabembi kuqhutywa rhoqo kwaye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iplanethi yethu. Ngexesha lezi bemba basoloko kakhulu wafumana nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezixabisekileyo, kuquka zitsha yamandulo.

Ezi mpahla yamandulo bamfumana phezu komhlaba phantsi kwamanzi. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zakudala: nemihlakulwana, kunye brush. Kuba ekujoliswe amphora search metal sebenzisa metal detectors okanye ngokuba magnetometers zikhawulelane utshintsho entsimini Imagnethi ukuhlela ethile. Hi ndlela leyi, inkoliso zitsha wodongwe nabo banezimvo zabo mhlaba otsalayo, ngokuba udongwe likwiphulo yecala lifumana imali eninzi yentsimbi oxidized.

Ukususela ezinzulwini zolwandle iya kunceda ekwandiseni le amphora phezu kwamanzi umoya oqhelekileyo. Komile kukho "amangcwaba" yonke into ngodongwe zamandulo. Babekwazi abunjwe mhlawumbi ngenxa ekuweni emkhombeni, impahla, okanye ngokulahla nje zitsha lasebenzisa emanzini. Kunjalo zitsha ivele kwi emazantsi olwandle ezinzulwini.

Yethu imihla, abembi badla zitsha kuyahlawulwa amanzi Black, eAdriya kunye uLwandle lweMeditera. Phi ezi zitsha, uninzi isiGrike yamandulo, amaRoma aseFenike.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngenxa yoko, amphora - yinto elementi ngodongwe wamandulo kuphela. Zazisetyenziswa hayi kuphela yokugcina ukutya. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye ngokuphindaphindiweyo bafumana amphora amaRoma okanye isiGrike equlathe uthuthu kwabafileyo, yaye wangcwatywa kwezi iintsana.

zitsha amandulo ezenziwe ngodongwe, akufane eyenziwe ngomthi okanye ezinye iintsimbi. Clay zitsha otyhidiweyo ngesandla. Ngokufuthi ke nabo ezihonjiswe imizobo, ngezihombo okanye imizobo ezithile. Namhlanje, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana zitsha ezininzi zamandulo, ezo izinto ezenziwe lubalulekileyo inkcubeko ethile okanye era zembali.