Highland Dagestan: ngemvelo, uncedo, imiba yokusingqongileyo

Enye republic ubangel le Russian Federation - Dagestan. kuye kwabonakala Eli gama ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe kwaye lithetha "lilizwe leentaba". Nguwo lo zolondolozo ilizwe, indawo indalo emangalisayo.

nokwahlukana Dagestan

Indawo Geographical yasezintabeni Dagestan - kumntla-mpuma ojonge eCaucasus nomzantsi-ntshona le lweCaspian uxinezeleko. Kubaluleke kakhulu kumzantsi inxalenye yaseYurophu yaseRashiya. Linobude ubuninzi - 400 km ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Latitude - malunga 200 km. imigca kunxweme lweCaspian ingafikelela km 530. Republic umda - ezimbini imilambo Kuma (ngasentla) kunye Samur (emzantsi). Population ukungafani kwaye ibandakanya beentlanga ezininzi.

Lo mmandla wahlulwe ube zahlulo zithathu, iimpawu zendalo zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. 51% ye kwiriphabliki uphethe emathafeni. Umntla-Koloni naseMzantsi-mpuma nasentshonalanga ukuba ezahlulwe ezihlanjeni neentlambo, nokuhlala-12% yaye okuthiwa ingxenye yinduli esezantsi kolundi. Highland Dagestan - kuba yi-37% ye-lizwe. indawo esezintabeni - utshintsho ukusuka lehewu omkhulu emantloko emxinwa ukuba zifike iimitha 2500.

Dagestan arc

Phantse isiqingatha kwiriphabliki - mmandla weentaba. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba inxalenye enkulu - uhlobo engcotyeni yasezintabeni. Kukho ngaphezu kwama-30 iincopho ukuba awele njengomqobo kweemitha 4000. Kunye ezininzi iintaba, apho kuzimele nje alifikeleli kweli nqanaba. indawo intaba Jikelele - 25,5 amawaka km² .. Ngoko ke, ukuphakama umndilili kwiriphabliki - 960 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ngaba intaba ephakamileyo - Bazardyuzyu, ukuphakama kwayo - 4466 m.

Uhlobo, isiseko ezintabeni, yahlulwe ngokucacileyo kwimimandla. Eyona shales ziqhelekileyo kwaye abamnyama, yaye obrak dolomitic lekalika, induli yelitye lentlabathi. Snow Ridge, Boghos kunye Shalib - le isileyiti.

Yinduli esezantsi kolundi ubude km 225 isikwe kummango ezinqamlezayo, kanjalo bakha udonga lwamatye encircles iHome engaphakathi Dagestan. Kwaba khona ukuba duko likhulu iindwendwe-abahambi.

indlela woKhanketho Dagestan uwele iintaba, yona le busisihombo mmandla. eziphezulu ngokwayo, lwamawa ezintle oluyinethi imisinga ezintabeni, wegqitha onke amanqanaba yokuntsonkotha - uhambo esisiseko bamazwe.

zone sezulu Intaba

Republic kwemozulu kuxhomekeke ummandla womhlaba lo. Ummandla apho ephakame kweemitha ngaphezulu kwe 1000 - weentaba. Le ndawo lugubungela malunga ne-40% yabo yonke indawo kwiriphabliki. Ngaphandle umahluko phakathi komhlaba, imozulu nga kuchazwa obuphakathi yezwekazi.

Highland Dagestan luphawulwa abakugwayimbo iiyantlukwano kwezalathisi ubushushu xa kuthelekiswa emathafeni. Lisendaweni kweemitha 3000 iqondo lobushushu kulo nyaka lingaphumi ngentla 0 ° C. Le nyanga abanda - January, oko isusela ku -4 ° C ku -7 ° C. A bit ikhephu, kodwa unako ukuhlawula phantsi unyaka. nyanga ozithobayo - Agasti. Ihlobo ezincotsheni kukugodola, kodwa efudumeleyo ezintlanjeni.

imvula mgaqweni. Ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kutsho kuJulayi, ubuninzi imvula iwela. Amaxesha amafu emvula. Livni kungalindiswa kangangeeveki eziliqela. Umbilo niwuzalise emlanjeni, nabo zidilizwe iibrorho ibulale ezityhutyhayo.

Le nkqubo mfula

Uncedo weentaba Dagestan negalelo ukuvela womnatha ashinyeneyo yemilambo. On kummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha 50.270 kukho malunga 6255 imilambo. Kodwa nantsi ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uninzi lwabo abe ubude km kwama-10. Highland Dagestan kwavusa imilambo ezimbini ezinkulu lizwe. Sulak kubugoxo Banduluka ezintabeni ukuya ngasemntla, yaye Samur - emzantsi.

iintlanga ezahlukeneyo Sulak ngaphambili ngokuba "Sheep Water" okanye "ohamba". ubude bayo - 169 km. Yeyona umnini mwonyo inkulu eRashiya. ubude bayo - malunga nama-50 km. kubunzulu obukhulu - 1920 eemitha. Samur ubu eyaziwa ngokuba yi "umlambo Chveher". Le yesibini umlambo e Dagestan. Ubude balo - 213 km.

Ngokubanzi, 92% yabo bonke imilambo - entabeni, i-8% kwenzeka emathafeni kunye emazantsi eentaba. avareji flow Velocity yi 1-2 m / s. Isantya lokuwandisa izikhukhula. Kwakhona River advantageously zinyibilika amanzi. Le Okungumahluko Gyulgerychay umlambo.

Ngalinye imilambo kuba ngumhlaba lweCaspian sokuhlambela, kodwa ke kuphela 20 awela elwandle. Delta akhiwe ngonyaka ukutshintsha ulwalathiso lwabo phambi oLwandle lweCaspian.

Ukujula kummandla weentaba

Dagestan wahlulwe kwimimandla geographical, nganye eneyazo uneempawu zawo.

Eentaba - yindawo nezompleyini kunye ntaba-lihlathi imihlaba. Ebanzi yasethafeni, intaba namathambeka bafumana umhlaba omnyama. Kukho emathafeni, ehlathini kunye intaba komhlaba engcotyeni.

Emathafeni zisetyenziswa izicelo yezolimo. Ezintabeni imele ihlathi layo (a abangaphezu kwe-10%). Forest zenza oki. Kwiindawo ezisemazantsi ngakumbi beech kunye nehlathi hornbeam. Kwindawo engaphakathi kukho ezinde pine. Plateau - amadlelo imihlambi. Inxalenye abangabona bahluphekileyo hot - eziphezulu. Kukho asinde ubulembu kuphela ebandayo-Hardy ulele.

Wildlife weentaba Dagestan ezizodwa. Kule ndawo uhlala ibhokhwe Dagestan, amabhere ezimnyama omdaka, ixhama amanene abaseAfrika, nelinqa, netshabangqa bezoar, nehlosi. Abaphengululi abaninzi baye bachatshazelwa ihlabathi kweentaka. Koku-, chukar, Alpine Chough kunye iinkozi bakholelwa esezintabeni yindawo engcono yokuphila.

Ecology kunye Conservation

Iqhayiya lo mmandla - koovimba kunye neepaki zendalo. indawo ngonyaka ngamnye ngakumbi nangakumbi kukuba phantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente. Ukuqhama komhlaba kufuneka akhuselwe nenkathalo. Bulunga yokuvelela enezityalo nezilwanyana - umsebenzi ophambili kurhulumente yangoku.

Kodwa namhlanje kukho iingxaki ezinkulu kokusingqongileyo weentaba Dagestan. Le inkulu - imithombo yamanzi okusela amdaka. Umonakalo owabangelwa ezenziwa ngabantu. Xa imilambo ezihlambulukileyo kutshona inkunkuma buhlungu. Musa ukumlimaza ngaphantsi ukuya ukubiwa izimbiwa kunye kwamahlathi. Air ukungcolisa izityalo kunye neefektri. Kukho inkqubo yokulahla inkunkuma amahlwempu.

Eyona ngozi inkulu kwezi iindawo ezinkulu - nokungahoywa abantu ekuhlaleni kwimvelo yakhe yesintu. Musa ukulibala ukuba lonke Dagestan ise kummandla weentaba. Ngokungakhethi kwamahlathi kukhokelela ekubeni kwamathambeka batyumke. inkqubo Ukhukuliseko yomelezwa ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngoko ke, eli lizwe ukuze kutshintsha kungekudala ngokupheleleyo inkangeleko yayo okanye shwaka ngokupheleleyo.