Anglicisms ngolwimi Russian: imbali kunye neembono, imizekelo. Impembelelo anglicisms kwi Contemporary Language Russian

ulwimi ngalunye bendalo inkqubo yazo yophuhliso iye yakhetha eboleka ngayo amagama kwezinye iilwimi. Ukufunda nobuhlobo obunjalo sisiphumo abafowunelwa kunye nabantu ezahlukeneyo kunye namazwe. Isizathu sokuba eboleka ulwimi angaphandle ngenxa yokungabikho kweekhonsepthi efanelekileyo isigama kwezinye iintlanga.

Kule mihla, IsiNgesi - indlela ngamazwe zonxibelelwano. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba ihlabathi IsiNgesi abathetha ngaphambi ezinye uluntu kuzo zonke iinkalo zophuhliso. IsiNgesi nge isithuba Internet, ingakumbi networks, ezentlalo, inceda ukubandakanya abantu abavela kumazwe kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.

Inzala kule ulwimi Wavuka ngokunxulumene nokukhuthaza inkcubeko pop. Bebuthanda movie American, umculo iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo kwakhokelela ukuqaliswa kakuhle Anglicisms kulwimi Russian. amagama amatsha aqala ukuba isetyenziswe ukuze inkoliso yabantu, nokuba isini kunye nobume ekuhlaleni. amagama IsiNgesi sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini lonke. Ngolwimi boncwadi mihla Russian, kwenziwa yonke umaleko, kodwa musa ukudlula-10% entetho iyonke.

imbali Anglicisms

Imbali ngokuboleka IsiNgesi ukuya Russian waqalisa esibuyel'emva wayo ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI, yaye kude kube ngoku kule nkqubo akayeki. Yaba zigaba 5 esisiseko sophuhliso Anglo-Russian intsebenziswano ulwimi. Bona luphawulwa kokubini imbali kunye semantics.

Imbali anglicisms ngolwimi Russian iqala lokusekwa okubambelela inqanawa kaKumkani Edward VI kwi izibuko of St Nicholas, ngasechwebeni Northern Dvina, Agasti 24, 1505. The British lalifuna emarikeni, ngoko ke mazwe mabini yaqalisa unxibelelwano olomeleleyo kakuhle rhoqo. nabo Ulwimi luphawulwa unxulumano lobuchule kunye norhwebo. Ngelo xesha, belibolekiwe amanyathelo uphawulo, isikali, iiyunithi imali, iintlobo idilesi kunye nezihloko zeencwadi (wesikiti, idenariyo, mnumzana, mhlekazi).

Isigaba II idla ngokuba Petrine era. Ngenxa Ushintsho kaPetros I, ulwalamano kuncothulwa kunye amazwe aseYurophu, bethatha waqalisa ukusasaza inkcubeko, imfundo, uphuhliso lwemicimbi lwaselwandle emkhosini. Kwesi sigaba ngolwimi Russian bagqobhoza amazwi 3,000 asemzini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho malunga 300. Anglicisms zaye becala amagama abolekiweyo ephathelele zaselwandle kunye nemicimbi zomkhosi (barge, uAbraham), Lexicon nendlu (pudding, punch, yeflaneli), kwakunye ukuya kwiindawo zorhwebo, ubugcisa, uncwadi, inzululwazi neteknoloji. kuthathwa isigama ebonisa nesenzeko abaninzi kunye neenkqubo hayi ngaphambili ayaziwa Russian.

Isigaba III wavuka ngenxa kukuqinisa ubudlelwane Anglo-Russian ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII ngokunxulumene ngongeniselo iwonga eNgilani ehlabathini. Sangena ulwimi kwezemidlalo kunye isigama (ezemidlalo, ekhatywayo, hockey, kaloliwe), isigama lé nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye zezoqoqosho (isebe, ikheshi, Square, ibhatyi, Sibona). Isiphelo kweqonga kucingelwa ukuba phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX.

Stage IV luphawulwa nolwazi olunzulu Russian kunye eNgilani Melika, ingongoma zoqhagamshelwano uncwadi nobugcisa. Eyangena kulwimi inani elikhulu anglicisms abakula maqela weendawo zilandelayo: imbali, inkolo, ubugcisa, ezemidlalo, indlu kunye kwinqanaba kwezentlalo nezopolitiko.

mboleko Stage V (ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX - namhlanje). Xa isigama yabantu baseRashiya baye got amaqela ahlukeneyo amagama: ishishini (nencwadi, ibheji, xesha, umququzeleli), izithambiso (concealer, yenza-up, ephakamisa cream), amagama izitya (hamburger, chisburger).

Namhlanje, amaNorse amaninzi ethandwayo ukuya ngaphaya uncwadi kunye nonxibelelwano yobungcali. La magama esetyenziswa yi ngamajelo izibhengezo, ngokufuthi Akukwazi kwindoda eqhelekileyo esitratweni kwaye ziyilelwe ulwazi olusisiseko IsiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo Anglicism in Russian - eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ezithile zezembali, nokuba kuyimfuneko.

Oonobangela anglicisms in Russian

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, iingcali zeelwimi ezininzi baye bafunda oonobangela elalana kwisigama ngolwimi lwasemzini. Nayiphi Anglicism ngolwimi Russian, ngokutsho P. Rat, kubonakala ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. Imfuneko igama isenzeko esitsha okanye into.

2. Imfuneko umahluko ikufutshane ngokwaneleyo, kodwa iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo.

3. leligama Utyekelo into eqinileyo enye ingqiqo, kungekhona nje ngamazwi ambalwa zimanyene.

4. Imfuneko ukwahlulwa iikhonsepthi ngeenjongo ezithile okanye amacandelo.

5. Ukubaluleka, iwonga, ukubonakaliswa ingqiqo amazwe.

Izizathu zokuboleka Anglicisms in Russian mihla eneneni ebanzi kakhulu ngakumbi. Enye yazo kukuba liyanda inani Russian ukuthetha abantu IsiNgesi. Kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olunye yi abantu anegunya kunye neenkqubo ezithandwayo wanika negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso yale nkqubo.

ivela anglicisms

Njengoko sele kutyhilwa, eboleka ulwimi lwasemzini - indlela eziphambili ekwandiseni ulwimi, isizathu sokuba lokuyiphuhlisa kunye nokusebenza. VM Aristova kumsebenzi azo 3 sigaba isigama IsiNgesi ngolwimi Russian:

1. Ukungena. Kweli nqanaba, igama ababolekwe kuphela engena ulwimi ziziqhelanise norms ulwimi Russian.
2. Nokwenziwa. Eli nqanaba libizwa luphawulwa sisenzo intsomi etymology, oko kukuthi xa ilizwi umxholo funny izaliswe close-yixina okanye efanayo intsingiselo le ngcamango.
3. Banye abantu. Xa yokugqibela Anglicism ngolwimi Russian ukuba bhetyebhetye ngokupheleleyo yaye zisetyenziswa ngenkuthalo. Ingcamango entsha ithatha ngayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo lamaxabiso, kukho ushwankathelo kunye cognates.

Nokwenziwa of anglicisms in Russian

amagama amatsha kancane kancane kwinkqubo ulwimi xa iyonke. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba nokwenziwa, oko kukuthi nokwenziwa. Funda ucazulule mboleko eziyimfuneko ukuze kubekwe iliso ngokupheleleyo umthamo isigama esitsha kunye nenkqubo lohlengahlengiso yayo.

Anglicisms kwi iqondo nokwenziwa kulwimi Russian kwahluka kwi kufakwe ngokupheleleyo, ngokomkhethe yayingeyonxalenye, unassimilated.

agxile ngokupheleleyo - amagama ezihambelana yonke imigangatho lolwimi kwaye waqonda ukuba izithethi zomthonyama, nezaimstvovannye amagama (ezemidlalo, uburharha, umboniso, nomcuphi).

Inxalenye agxile - ingqiqo, i IsiNgesi ngembalelwano zabo pronunciation. Ngokuqhelekileyo, la magama ezikhoyo hayi ulwimi elide kangaka eyadlulayo, ngoko inkqubo yazo ekugayeni kuyaqhubeka. Eli qela sahlulwe ngokwegrama bafunda kwaye ngokwegrafu (DJ, Smiley, uzila ukutya, freestyle).

Unassimilated - amagama namabinzana ezingachazwanga kakuhle ngokupheleleyo ulwimi ukuboleka. Eli qela kwakhona ziquka izinto ezibonisa kubomi bemihla kwemvelaphi lizwe (i-dollar, ladies, jazz).

The main iingxaki ekufundeni yemalimboleko

Ingxaki ekuqalisweni kwe Anglicisms kakhulu eziphikisanayo. Amanye amagama asetyenziswa kuphela kuba inikwe ku craze. Abanye, ngokuchasene noko, kuba nempembelelo entle, ekwandiseni kanye ukuncedisana intetho Russian.

Kukho iingxaki zilandelayo ekufundeni yemalimboleko:

1. Chonga iindlela ukuze afunde amagama amatsha.
2. Ufundo ukuyilwa anglicisms.
3. Ukufanisa ezibangela inkangeleko yazo.
4. Imigaqo-mboleko ubudlelwane kumaqela ahlukeneyo.
5. Ukungavunyelwa ukusetyenziswa mboleko.

Ekucombululeni le ngxaki, iingcali zeelwimi bafune ukufumana ukuba yintoni iimeko Anglicisms kutheni zidalwe, ngubani kudala nendlela kukhubazeko ukuya Lexicon Russian.

Anglicisms njengokwamkelekileyo ngokungenabulungisa

Kukho bekusoloko lomzabalazo abaxhasi kunye abachasi anglicisms elide. Kwelinye icala, iingqiqo ezintsha wawungowokuxhobisa zongeza ulwimi Russian. Kwelinye - usongo ulwimi lweenkobe ibonwa njenge ingozi kwisizwe. Zeelwimi abelwe Anglicism Amaqela 2: efanelekileyo kunye ngqiqweni.

Kuba kulingane ziquka amagama angekho ngolwimi Russian. Kulo mzekelo, ukuboleka njengokuba kunjalo, gcwalisa izikhewu. Umzekelo: ifowuni, itshokolethi, galoshes.

Kuba yemalimboleko ngokungenabulungisa ziquka amazwi owamiswa amagama lophawu, yaye emva umthondo kolu lwimi Russian kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ezi version Anglicisms Russian, kodwa abantu basebenzisa kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo Ukwacinga zeelwimi ezininzi, njengokuba la magama avela. Imizekelo iquka Jeep, ukucupha, WOKUKOPA.

Sifuze yoluntu ukuboleka amagama

Kuluntu mihla, isigama IsiNgesi iye yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ulwimi Russian. Efanelekileyo lo mbuzo sengqondo yoluntu IsiRashiya ukuya ukuboleka ezinjalo.

Anglicisms kwi Russian twa ulwimi kwesantya zehlabathi lisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, isetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa kolwazi oluchanekileyo. Amanye ala magama asetyenziswa kwizangqa emxinwa leengcali, ngoko elula, umntu abangaqeqeshelwanga akanakho nangoko ukuqonda intsingiselo.

inkqubo yokuboleka ezixhalabisa kuquka abemi abaqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku sele vuhlayiseki, njengoko Anglicisms ngolwimi mihla Russian liya ukungena ulwimi, ngakumbi kwiinkalo oqoqosho, ubuchwepheshe kunye nezopolitiko.

Kumanqanaba amagama IsiNgesi

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, uluntu usoloko esebenzisa ngamazwi akhe intetho elibolekiweyo. Ukuthatha athe wabonakala kwi ulutsha. Kwenziwa uphando olwenziweyokwakunye lwezenhlalo, ngokusekelwe apho kwizigqibo ezilandelayo sibhalwe:

1. Inkoliso yabantu abatsha vo tala ukuba namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle anglicisms. Noko ke, ngokucacileyo ukwabelana igama ebolekiweyo kunye original Russian.
2. Umsebenzi besizukulwana oselula ngokuboleka eyaboniswa uphuhliso ubuchwepheshe be-computer kunye nezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye nothungelwano lwentlalo.
3. Kulo mzekelo, bonke abantu abaselula bedla ngokuyaphula andiluqondi amagama abolekiweyo lusetyenziswe nakwabeendaba, kwinkalo yezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho.
4. Meaning Anglicisms ezingaziwayo ezikhethiweyo kuphela kwinqanaba associative.

izibonelo Anglicism

Anglicisms ngolwimi Russian, imizekelo apho lucaciswa kule theyibhile lelokuphumza zokufunda kunye nohlalutyo lidla yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezininzi.

sphere	izibonelo Anglicism
zepolitiki	Ulawulo, usodolophu, isekela
yezoqoqosho	Broker, umthengisi utyalo
art	Ithiyetha, ingoma, opera
zesayensi	Metal, magnesium, galaxy
Sports	Ezemidlalo, ibhola yevoli, ukufaneleka
zenkolo	Le isigodlo, ingelosi
computer	Phone, screen, website, ifayile
umculo	Kwingoma, kukho remake le soundtrack
Household	Bus, iqhawe, ingubo, ijezi, bechuba
ezibangela bamazwe	Navigator, iyangena
media	Xhasa Content, Asikhulume, intshumayelo

Uluhlu anglicisms ngolwimi Russian ebanzi ngokwaneleyo. Zonke yemalimboleko evela IsiNgesi lucaciswa kule magama Dyakova A. I.

Le peculiarity ukusetyenziswa anglicisms kumajelo eendaba

Amajelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazweni amagama mboleko. Ngokusebenzisa kumaphephandaba, TV kunye nesigama Internet lingena singene kwintetho yemihla ngemihla zabantu.

Zonke Anglicisms ukuba eendaba asetyenziswayo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ama-3:

- isigama, leyo ifane ngolwimi Russian (umzekelo, ukubeka iliso ilizwi, oko kukuthi, ukubeka esweni);

- bethelela ezingakhange ngaphambili khona (umzekelo, football);

- isigama, eshicilelwe IsiNgesi (umzekelo, Shop Yiya, Glance).

Impembelelo ye anglicisms in Russian

Ukushwankathela konke oku kungasentla, kukhuselekile ukuthi kweempembelelo anglicisms ulwimi laphila IsiRashiya kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Yazisa lokuboleka ngokuqinisekileyo kuyimfuneko, kodwa kufuneka kube Ukuxinana ulwimi. Ukuze benze oku, ukuze baqonde ukubaluleka anglicisms kwaye isetyenziswa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko. Kuphela ngoko ulwimi Russian ziza kuphuhlisa.

Ukufunda iinkqubo Ukuboleka umdla ngokoMthetho ithiyori kwaye aluncedo. Anglicisms ngolwimi Russian, imbali kunye neembono, imiba yokusebenzisa - le ngxaki intsonkothile kakhulu, efuna ukufunda ngakumbi ukuvelisa iingcebiso.