Aorta - i aorta ye intliziyo .... uphawu aortic

Le aorta ke isitya inkulu woMntu. Ukuba bangela ukuba inani elikhulu ezincinane ukuba unikezele igazi emzimbeni, siphelise yelungu ngalinye izondlo ezaneleyo neoksijini.

Ngawaphi aorta?

Oku ikakhulu inqanawa likhulu na emzimbeni womntu. Kwimeko apho naluphi na uhlobo yaba ezimbi enxulumene aorta, ubomi bomntu usengozini enkulu.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba aorta - usisitya unpaired. isifundo sakhe ngoku inikwe ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba une kubaluleke kakhulu, enyanisweni le rhoqo kwaye umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu.

iinxalenye aorta

Njengokuba bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-nqanawa yeyona inkulu emzimbeni womntu. Akumangalisi ukuba oogqirha ugqibe kwelokuba sazabela lona yangamacandelo. Ngenxa yesiphumo aorta entliziyweni yahlulwe yangamacandelo 3 eziphambili:

• phezulu;
• Arch aortic;
• wehla.

Kwicandelo zenyuse

Ingongoma lokuqala isitya enkulu yabantu abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo umba aortic. Akunamsebenzi ukuba igazi efunyenwe entliziyweni, emva, ngoko besaphula hemodynamics. Unyuka aorta kakhulu elifutshane kwaye benomdla encinci izipho.

Malunga Arch aortic

Lendlela iSebe phezulu kuye. Ngenxa yoko, i inqaba yamandulo aortic akusosiphelo benqanawa enkulu. Into yokuba iya kungena ukuhla isebe lakhe. arch Aortic iguqulelwa yinxalenye wobomi khaxa le nqanawa. Kuyo yonke le sebe esiqwini kwemithambo-3 ezinkulu kumka. Sithetha ngalo buti brachiocephalic, wemka carotid okuqhelekileyo ekhohlo imithambo subclavian. Kwixesha elizayo, isiqu brachiocephalic , yena, yahlulelwe kwii isitya enkulu 2 - carotid ilungelo elifanayo yaye kwemithambo ekunene subclavian. Kuyinto ngenxa ukuya aortic igazi arch lwenziwa emzimbeni eliphezulu.

aorta olwehlayo

It iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili - le thoracic kunye empontshwa. Eyokuqala kuqalise ngoko nangoko emva kokuba Arch aortic. Amaxesha amaninzi kwesi siza kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu. Oku kungenxa olephuzayo ukuhamba kwegazi ezenzeka emva kokuphumelela inxalenye zinyuka Arch aortic.

Le nxalenye iqala ukusuka kwinqanaba 3-4 omqolo thoracic. Kamva sidlule ukuba umgangatho vertebra empontshwa-4, apho kwenzeka bifurcation lwelungelo kunye ekhohlo imithambo iliac ezixhaphakileyo zinoxanduva igazi ubonelelo zombini kwiziphelo asezantsi.

Kwinqanaba le bifurcation le uyahluka aorta kunye esinye isitya ukuba ngokusesikweni ingqalelo kuyo phambili ngqo. Kumalunga kwemithambo udibaniso sacral. Udlula phezu Icipande le sacrum.

Intsingiselo aortic

Ukubaluleka nje enkulu wobuntu inqanawa kunzima zazi. Into yokuba sisiseko le kwegazi. Kuyinto ngenxa yakhe wenza ubonelelo igazi onke amalungu kunye namalaphu.

Le ngezifo le aortic

Okwangoku, sonke esi sifo inqanawa enkulu bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini ezinkulu:

• bekhubazekile;
• uthenge.

Enoba umyalezo kwezifo aortic, zimele ingozi ekhawulezayo kubomi babantu.

izifo bekhubazekile

Zonke ezi zifo zinobungozi kakhulu kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zifuna utyando olukhulu. Phakathi zigulo ezinkulu kufuneka kuqatshelwe aorta koortatsiyu kunye yiMarfan engqondweni.

Koortatsiya aorta kuyingozi kakhulu yesifo awazalwa enaso. Ngaba kuba umrhanelwa luphuhliso ngokungalinganiyo kwisiqingatha eliphezulu kwaye asezantsi umzimba. Kwimeko apho umntu koortatsiya aorta, izihlunu imilenze aphezulu kukhula kakuhle, yaye emazantsi kukho ukungondleki. Kulo mzekelo, isigulane usenokukhalaza ubuthathaka kunye neentlungu eziphelweni asezantsi, ingakumbi emva kokuba umthambo.

Njengoko ngokuba yiMarfan syndrome, unobangela wokufa kwesi sifo leyo ethe nje ngezifo elinye aorta. Kaninzi iba ludonga ukwahlulwa isitya likhulu emzimbeni. nengozi yokuba esi sifo sibangelwa into yokuba eludongeni aorta e yiMarfan syndrome buthathaka kwaye ukumelana uxinezeleko ngaphantsi kakhulu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

pathology ezifunyenwe

Le aorta - ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye kaninzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuchaphazela isebe umzimba. Iingxaki zixhaphakileyo kunye aorta, apho kuvela kungekhona ngenxa Palsy, kwaye inkqubo yobomi, zonke iintlobo kwemithambo kunye komsipha.

Ke lona udonga ithuba aorta, kuba mhlawumbe urhulumente kakhulu eyingozi amayeza. Amaninzi, abantu abaye baba ngezifo efanayo fail ukusindisa. Inyaniso kukuba umsantsa benqanawa omkhulu umzimba kunye ukopha kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abadinga unyango engxamisekileyo yotyando. amathuba amancinci zokonga nomonde ngale ngezifo ifumaneka kuphela xa sele ekho kwiziko lonyango, neyona - kwi profile.

Unobangela oqhelekileyo komsipha aortic lunciphiso ebalulekileyo luthambe udonga lwaso, leyo wabona kwisiqalo yesibambiso of iityuwa calcium kuwo.

Enye ngezifo ozimiseleyo kwemithambo aortic na. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oko kunokukhokelela komsipha eludongeni inqanawa. Umongo i kwemithambo kukuba njalo yokumpompoza kwegazi yenye kwamacandelo aorta ukwandisa ebhegini. Amaninzi, le ngezifo kwenzeka apho eludongeni isikepe ubuncinane buthathaka kancinane. kwasendaweni njengesiqhelo ezi utshintsho lo arch aortic kunye necandelo yayo esiswini. Kulo mzekelo, sinetywina aorta ngokuqhelekileyo akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa ngokwezonyango nangayiphi na indlela. Ukongeza umngcipheko komsipha beendonga isitya, ibangela kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye nengozi yokutshata egazi. Ukuba ibunjiwe aqalise intshukumo layo egazini, oko kungakhokelela neziphumo ezininzi woko abantu.

Sifo izifo aortic

Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumanis isifo, echaphazela likhulu iimpahla ezikhoyo ebantwini. Eyona phakathi kwazo zezi:

• Echocardiography (transthoracic kunye transesophageal);
• ukwenza umfanekiso liyenza magnetic;
• Angiography.

Echocardiography yinto elula ndlela zidweliswe ngasentla. kubume bayo siyifumana ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo diagnostic ethi ikhuphe kwaye ufumana amaza cuke otraschonnye. Kakhulu ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa transthoracic uphando buciko. Kule sensor, gel ekhethekileyo ioli ube mnye isusiwe phezu esifubeni yesigulane. ukufunda Transesophageal yeyona ndlela ezinokuntsonkotha isetyenziswa kakhulu alufane.

Magnetic intlokoma umfanekiso yinto mihla kwaye ulwazi kakhulu, kodwa luyabiza indlela zokufumanis ngezifo aortic. Enkosi kuye, uyakwazi ukuba nomfanekiso aorta ngamnye kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba ukufumanisa ubukho nkqu utshintsho ezincinane eludongeni ngesitya, kuquka itywina aorta eqhelekileyo.

Angiography nalo ulwazi kakhulu indlela kuphando. Kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo lu dityanisiwe iingozi ezithile. Isibakala sokuba kakuhle indlela sikuko ekubangeleni angene isitya sayo ulwelo radiopaque. ngamanye amaxesha ibangela umzimba abasabela womntu eyingozi linokufikelela ibinzana esinzulu gqitha. Ngoko aorta - oku kakhulu njongo enzima phando. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba nomfanekiso ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa iimpahla. Ngenxa ugqirha uqhuba isifundo uya kubona onke amacandelo aorta, indawo ucutheko nokwandiswa yabo, kwakunye nokunye ukukhubazeka.