"Ash" (ngwenya). lweenqanawa ezintywilayo nomgangatho woposo ye enyukliya Project 885 "Ash"

Njengezinye izixhobo zomkhosi, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo behlabathi ngokwembali lahlulwe ngezizukulwana iminyaka ukukhululwa. Ukususela "Boreas" "Nautilus" yaye "Leninsky Komsomol" kwi enomjukujelwa-ethwele multi-njongo elisezantsi-ingxolo "Sea Wolf 'mihla hayi kuphela kudlule amashumi amathandathu, ngeli xesha kuye utshintshelwe kwi inkwili iinqanawa zenyukliya-enikwe-isizukulwana ezine. Ngomhla iingalo Russian lwaphela sele "Severodvinsk" Project (K-560) 885 "Ash", indawo inkwili kunye isityalo samandla enyukliya besizukulwana sesine. Wabeka nqanawa efanayo emithathu ( "Kazan ',' naseNovosibirsk" yaye "Krasnoyarsk"), ngomhla ngokomyalelo ezintathu. Iya kuba ubuncinane ezilishumi ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka, kubonakala. Esitokisini sasisihla a inkwili omtsha zenyukliya, photo, ayithimba le siganeko, epapashwe eendaba ehlabathini lonke, ngamanye amaxesha kunye nezimvo luncedo, kodwa njengoko umzekeliso ekhula umsebenzi emkhosini eRashiya. Mhlawumbi le mbono kugwetyelwa, nelizwe lethu, ngezikhali, ebonisa ngxwaba? Kufuneka ukuthelekisa, umzekelo, izixa mali zomkhosi kunye nokwakheka izithuthi.

Iinjongo Iinjongo

Imeko ekhoyo ehlabathini, nangona isilela ngxabano zabantu kongasentla kwinqanaba "shushu", ezifana nexesha pre-imfazwe, Ithemba lengxaki imizili Cuba. Umgaqo-Independent lukho kolawulo umdla politiko eRashiya xa ukuziphendulela lizwe, ebangela ukuphazamiseka "abahlobo Western." Kulo mzekelo kwamanye amazwe, eqwengiweyo ngaphakathi, kukhule uqoqosho wonakele ngokupheleleyo, umntu kugweba ngeenjongo kunye neminqweno imikhosi yangaphandle ukuthatha nawaphi na amanyathelo, kubandakanywa ungenelelo ngqo emkhosini, ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo zabo. Isigaba lwethutyana izenzo ezinjalo ndlongondlongo kuphuma uxinzelelo ozakuzo, kulandele izisongelo amandla. Emkhosini mali ye-USA likhulu kakhulu, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo uza kwinqanaba ngeenkwenkwezi ibonwe 700 ezigidi. Idola. I-Russian Federation akakwazi inkcitho yokhuselo imali engaka, ngoko zibiza ngaphantsi kwe isixa ukuphendula isisongelo azilingani. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo "Ash" iprojekthi - umzekelo indlela qhinga, ifikelele phantsi apho zixatyiswe Kwamnkelekile ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle uhlobo zemali. Nangona ibango ukuba ziyafikeleleka, kananjalo, akakwazi.

Imbali besizukulwana sesine

Imbonakalo jikelele lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya yesine-sizukulwana, ngokubanzi, kwasekwa minyaka. Nangona longquzulwano phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu amabini akaqhotyoshelwanga ezigqunyiweyo yi vulavula hi vuyelo lebyinene bya kwedemokhrasi, kwavela ingxabano kakhulu frank ezingadibaniyo phakathi kweenkqubo amabini ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho. The main US isixhobo yomkhosi wamanzi aba abathwali moya, obumntwisiweyo lonke igunya Western emkhosini. I "ikrele" yesibini umnwe eSoviet Union, ithathwa njengokuba Premier League. Ngokuphathelele kwezi meko zimbini ziinkathazo inkwili wenyukliya besizukulwana zakutshanje dudula ndlongo kunokwenzeka kungenza ukuba iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili: ekulweni abathwali moya enzima, waphuma obehamba ndingaphelekwanga, yaye zitshabalalise ngwenya yotshaba. Unako kwakhona ukudibanisa omnye umsebenzi ebalulekileyo: ngokusetyenziswa ukuziphindezela aqinisekisiwe. ESoviet Union sazibophelela lokuqala izixhobo zenyukliya azisebenzi. Bahlele ukudala olunye uhlobo nqanawa kwamanzi, jikelele, nezaziwa ngokuba multi-injongo. Kuyinto lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezinjalo kwaye yeProjekthi 885 "Ash", eziqulethwe metal emva sokonakalisa waseUSSR, kwinkulungwane xxi. Inkqubo yezopolitiko iye yatshintsha kweli lizwe. utshaba Potential yahlala injalo.

Ubunye universalization

CB "Malachite" eSoviet Union kwi ngamahlanu benza kuphuhliso lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintsha kunye ukuqhutywa zenyukliya. Ngwenya entsha yaphuhliswa kanye apha eLeningrad. izixhobo sesine-isizukulwana ngunyaka kwamaxwebhu release zobunjineli kuphela. iimbono ezintsha isicelo kakhulu, kwaye iikhonsepthi ngokwendalo zinxulumene iimpawu ezithile zobugcisa. ESoviet Navy basebenzise iiprojekthi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezininzi, kwenza kube nzima ukuba yesondlo sabo, uqeqesho crew, ukulungiswa, kunye nemveliso ngokwayo. Kwakukho enengqondo ingcamango esekelwe ukudibanisa ngwenya yoyilo ukuze ikwazi ukwenza iqela lemisebenzi, ngaphambili ifumaneka kuphela iinqanawa ezizodwa, okanye ubuncinane Ngokwesiseko isampuli single ukuba bakwazi ukuyila iiyunithi ukwenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Le inkwili nuclear-kuxhaswe kwaye sitshiphu (imali abantu bakaThixo eSoviet Union wazama ukuba asindise), kunye noqeqesho ali- lula.

umzimba Half - nto nje?

EziQhelekileyo PL, idizili okanye nuclear yakhiwe kwilungiselelo classical iquka omzimba eqinileyo equlathe bonke kuyimfuneko sokwenza yokulwa imishini, kunye iqokobhe nokukhanya egubungele kwiitanki zokulinganisa. Kukho, Kakade, kunye Cruiser kwamanzi multihull ( "Shark", umzekelo), kodwa zinkulu kakhulu yaye kuziindleko, ngoko ukusebenzisa kwabo ezizodwa kakhulu, yaye ingxaki nje ekudalweni multi-njongo nqanawa. yakhiwe Ngokutsho scheme yokuqala projekthi "Ash". Ngwenya ingxenye itoliki. Kuthetha ukuthini? Kakade ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukusika umzimba eqinileyo, oko iqulethe zonke izixhobo, izixhobo kunye oomatshini, izixhobo zokulawula, a reactor zenyukliya, kunye ezininzi kwezinye izinto, kuquka abasebenzi. Kodwa iqokobhe olungaphandle iinjineli ka KB "Malachite" wenza ngenkalipho. Bagubungela nje impumlo enqanaweni, zamadoda add-on silos ngezikhali. itanki zokulinganisa main Front ise kwi intercase isithuba, ezilishumi kusiwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 5 CHB zicwangciswe gumbi wesixhenxe kunye 4 (plus extra zenzelwe ngokuntywiliselwa ngokukhawuleza) kwi umjukujelwa yesihlanu. Imigqomo, ezele ngumoya okanye emanzini, uthabathe loo annulus nokumamela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Kodwa abaziinkunkqele iimpawu yezitshixo azizange kuphela.

ziko

Kwi gumbi yesithandathu i "intliziyo" lomkhombe, reactor zenyukliya. Kulapha ukhupha imali yamandla thermal, lo umphunga ubushushu elo gquba turbines. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo project "Ash" zixhotyiswe nge-mveliso ngamandla akhethekileyo, wakha phezu esihlangeneyo-kwisekethe-sifuba. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba bonke ubushushu esivulekayo kwisekethe yokuqala (ukudibana ngqo kunye izinto fuel) abekiwe kunye imigca emide kukhokelela naphi ayikho imfuneko. Ukuba ufakela umphezulu compact, umthamo walo ezimakhulu mabini megawatts, yaye ngaphantsi kwe "fonit" (oko ngumbuzo sokuFihla). Eli ziko ke oluthembekileyo kakhulu, lo mqathango isuke yi ukufikelela kunzima nemimandla yawo, ixesha eqinisekiswe of operation umiselwe ubuncinane iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

lamagumbi ukuqashwa

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Class "Ash" abe izindlu irobust ezongeziweyo, yahlulwe yaba amagumbi, ukuba akukho kwahluka bonke abanye. Abasithoba kubo, nalu uluhlu kubo:

1st - CCU. Ukongeza kwisithuba umyalelo esembindini apha iposelwe ukuhlangulwa gumbi apho, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuba nako ukuphuma crew inqanawa, indawo hydroacoustic kunye nokufikelela kwi-moya. Inomzimba ngemibhobho, ngokungafaniyo iiprojekthi edlulileyo emva eli gumbi, enika indlela eya 'amehlo' ongundoqo 'iindlebe' enqanaweni - eriyali, efumana nkqu iziganeko olubuthathaka kakhulu kwaye sinika inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga indawo yakho. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo of Project 885 "Ash" - yeyona "obona" Iinqanawa kwiklasi.

2 - inomzimba, yiyo wamwisela TA ngokwabo imijukujelwa kwamanzi, kwakunye nezixhobo abangabancedani kunye ngaphandle ukutyibilika izixhobo zombane.

3rd, amane, izixhobo ifumile, izixhobo beenqanawa kuyo (umbane, Iicooler, iimpompo zokulinganisa njalo njalo.)

4th - ekhaya, apha ke Kubrick kunye ezingontsini crew, saloon, ukutya, unyango kunye nezinye izibonelelo ukuqinisekisa iimeko eziqhelekileyo ngexesha uhambo olude akude.

gumbi 5 ebizwa umjukujelwa. Ukongeza izixhobo ezinzima, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho kwakhona i kwiitanki zokulinganisa.

6 - ziko, ukongeza mveliso uyayinikwa itanki abangabancedani ukuba imbuyekezo ye isiqalo ukubetha.

gumbi 7 ebizwa samanzi. Yindawo apho ngomphunga eshushu sithumele ieneji yayo kwizikhondo elijikelezayo. Nalapha kukho 5 BTF.

Ngo-8 swi izixhobo ngoomatshini, kwaye iinjongo okwenziwe ngemigca exweseneyo yohlangulo.

gumbi 9-th ekuthiwa somcinga. Iguqulwe ukusuka ulwimi zolwandle kuthetha ukuba kukho kwenzeka ukulawula yokujika tye kunye nkqo ngokusebenzisa actuators hydraulic.

ubumnyama

inkwili Nuclear "Ash" sayilwa ukuze ubhaqo yayo kuyingxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukho ngwenya kuyo nayiphi na indawo yolwandle yehlabathi "kubalwa" kwizinto ezininzi: ingxolo Screw iindlela, umkhondo zeradiyoloji, ukusasaza ubushushu, kwaye awubonakali ngokusebenzisa maleko neziselubala amanzi. Simtyhila inqanawa kwaye lo mhlaba otsalayo eveliswe yesinyithi. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukubonakala kunye ingozi landmine yokuqhumisa Ilandela utshintsho kwiinkalo ezingashukumiyo, ngeenqanawa amazibuko kwiindlela phantsi inkqubo demagnetization. Iprojekthi yezindlu NPS 885 yenziwa ingxubevange ngentsimbi nezikhethekileyo okufanayo iipropati ukuba paramagnetic. Ingxolo inciphisiwe yi decibels 15 zawo kuphela revolution inkqubo amandla ubeko wesekethe. sound ekhethekileyo ukufunxa ukutyabeka kwakhona wenza isikhephe "cwaka." Used kunye nezinye izisombululo ukunciphisa ukubonakala. Bendiza mnye, ukuba yenziwe ubugcisa obukhethekileyo, ebonelela esezantsi-ingxolo aphilileyo.

izikhali

Ke kaloku, eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ziziphi ezinye izixhobo njani xa imfuneko ukusebenzisa i "Ash". Ngwenya kukuba kwibhodi izindululi ezisibhozo udidi shaft for "Onyx". Ekubeni umkhombe ubhetyebhetye, ukuba kutshintshwa 3M54 ( "oluluhlaza") okanye "abanjalo" 3M14. DB nganye ingakhupha 4 imijukujelwa iza. inkqubo okhokelwa 3P-14P izixhobo complex. Izikhali arhabaxa ekujoliswe emhlabeni kunye umphezulu, edlula isikhokelo tyaba, eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukubona kunye nemisebenzi ngezikhali. Xa yabo ikwafaka umgaqo "pack wolf", ngokutsho apho phakathi projectiles eziphaphazelayo ngexesha lokungena ikhosi yokulwa uqhagamshelo iseti interface. Umjukujelwa, nto leyo eye yabonakala ngaphezu enye, uthabatha indima yobunkokheli, ukuququzelela izenzo qela. Kwimeko wentshabalalo kotshaba enomjukujelwa kuthetha lokukhokela umsebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo kwenye yunithi. Banyamezele ivolibholi enjalo imijukujelwa iza phantse nzima. Kuba oku "ash" waba isiqhulo obukhulu "umbulali abathwali moya."

Ten ngemibhobho inomzimba, zonke eziphezu emacaleni gumbi yesibini nje emva kwisikhundla umyalelo engundoqo. Nezikhali - 30 "Physico-1" (533 gauge).

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inqanawa unako ukubeka emigodini, ukwenza zokumelana sonar (kuba oku "Imiqobo" nabathengisi-324), kunye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi nzima umsebenzi nezokusebenza weenqanawa ezikhohlakeleyo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Hayi yonke into kwi enqanaweni, ungafumana ulwazi kwimithombo yoluntu. Iingcali nangoku kugwetywa imbonakalo yabo ngwenya. Amafoto epapashwe kumajelo eendaba, ukuvumela ukuba bagqibe kubungakanani, ukuba ngokwenene kakhulu: ubude leemitha 140. Ukubana kwamanzi - phantse 14 kweetoni eziliwaka .. Kwakhona izicwangciso-high speed ezikhoyo, obakhe ngwenya. Iimpawu nje ngokubanzi bendawo ngokuxhomekeke iqondo submergence yezindlu inqanawa ehamba ihamba ngokukhawuleza (31 amaqhina), kunye nokuphuhlisa emersion amaqhina 16. Eli qela iqulathe kwamagosa 32 noomatiloshe 90 kunye namadoda amakhulu. Bonke bephela usengozini, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba nzima ukusinda na ukushiya isikhephe kwindawo yokuphuma pod detachable, ibekwe isaphetha. Ehlaselwa bubuninzi kweenkqubo eriyali Cyber, ezinemithi ngaphezu deckhouse. Bona zinika unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo kunye umyalelo kunye nezinye iinqanawa. inkcazelo efumanekayo ekufumanekeni nezixhobo ezizodwa kwi emkhombeni, ukudala channel ulwazi ive kukhuselwe iimbalelwano. Ukuze ufunde ukuba isebenza njani, akukho lwazi eneenkcukacha.

ukuzimela kukuba iintsuku ezilikhulu, kodwa sithetha inyani, mhlawumbi, kungabakho ngaphezulu.

Technology kunye neendleko

Into yokuba iinqanawa ilungu le projekti enye, oko akuthethi ukuba twatse ngokupheleleyo. unit nganye entsha kuneengenelo ezithile ngaphezu kwangaphambili ngenxa uphuculo olwenziweyo kwezobugcisa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngakumbi iintlobo mihla izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Iinqanawa Kwakhiwa azikho ngokukhawuleza njengokuba ezinye iintlobo zobugcisa, ingakumbi njengoko ezintsonkothileyo njengeprojekthi inkwili "Ash". Ngwenya "Severodvinsk", owamkelwa inkonzo waseManzini kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngeendleko wokulondoloza imali engange-47 ezigidi. Isixa efanayo indleko, "Kazan ', kodwa sele siyazi ukuba le migca nqanawa uphuculwe, izixhobo yala maxesha, nengxolo nokuba asezantsi. Ukongeza, imveliso onke amacandelo kunye izincedisi inkwili ngoku igqithiselwe kummandla Russian Federation, leyo lunciphisa ubungozi evuzayo ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo malunga isixhobo zabo kwandisa ukuzimela evela nabathengisi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Kukho isizathu ukucinga ukuba ixabiso iyunithi nganye ezilandelayo lingaya lisehla ngokwehla kunye kuphuculo kumjikelo lobuchwepheshe. Oku kusoloko kusenzeka, kodwa le meko elinye icala. Okwangoku zokufezekisa kwimfezeko eliphezulu nawuphi bugcisa sele lixesha, kunye nophuhliso olutsha bakulungele ukuphunyezwa, yaye imiqathango kuphindwe ngonaphakade. Enoba "Ash" olungileyo Project 885, xa KB Russian mhlawumbi sele unayo neminye imibono. Emva kweminyaka embalwa ngokuqinisekileyo inkwili entsha uya kumisa, iimpawu eziza kuba ngcono nangaphezulu.