Reactor Nuclear - intliziyo wenyukliya lobuntu

Ukufunyanwa kwe neutron yaba sisandulela ngexesha uluntu atom, kuba izandla zakhe zaba yemvelo amasuntswana afanelekileyo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwentlawulo, ukuba ukungena kuyo nayiphi na, nkqu ngumongo enzima. Ekuhambeni-experimenti kwi neutron bombardment of umphakathi uranium zabanjwa yamachiza Italian E. Fermi, izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo radioactive zifunyenwe kwaye transuranic iziqalelo - neptunium, neplutoniyam. Ngaloo ndlela, kwaba lula ukwakha reactor yenyukliya - ufakelo, mkhulu ngamandla alo amandla konke udaliwe phambi uluntu.

reactor Nuclear - sisixhobo apho indlela ezilawulwa ngokucandeka enyukliya, zisekelwe kumgaqo chain. Lo mgaqo ngolu hlobo. nuclei uranium olufumana neutron, ukubola kwaye zibe neutron eziliqela ezitsha, nto leyo ukuba umphakathi ukwahlukana elandelayo. Kule nkqubo, inani neutron kwandisa ngokukhawuleza. Umlinganiselo inani neutron kwenye sigaba ngolwahlulo isixa neutron ukubola yenyukliya Isigaba yangaphambili ekuthiwa phindo factor.

Ukuba impendulo senyukliya sele zilawulwa kwaye ufuna reactor yenyukliya, nto leyo lisetyenziswa izityalo amandla enyukliya, ngwenya, icebreakers zenyukliya-enikwe, kufakelo zovavanyo zenyukliya, njl indlela ongalawulekiyo nenukliya ziya ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekubeni ukwanda ngamandla enkulu yingozi. Olu hlobo chain reaction isetyenziswa kuphela xa enyukliya , yozigqabhuza leyo injongo ukubola yenyukliya.

A reactor yenyukliya, apho neutron ukukhululeka ihamba nge ngesantya esikhulu, ukulawula indlela zixhotyiswe ngezinto ezithile ukufunxa ezinye amandla ka amasuntswana nezakhiwo. izinto ezinjalo kokuba ikhono isantya phantsi nokunciphisa inertia na intshukumo neutron, a ngeeatom kuthiwa retarders.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-reactor yenyukliya ngolu hlobo. Komgodi lwangaphakathi reactor ezaliswe ngamanzi Yek ajikeleza ngaphakathi neetyhubhu ezizodwa. reactor yenyukliya isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo xa ukususwa ukusuka undoqo kweentonga grafayithi, inxalenye ibangela amandla neutron. Kunye isiqalo ukusabela chain kwenzeka kukhulula izixa olukhulu ngamandla obushushu leyo elijikeleza engundoqo reactor ifikelela fuel cell. Amanzi itshiswe ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 320 ° ^C.

Emva koko amanzi yaloo mmandla yokuqala, ihamba ngaphakathi zohlobo lwe umvelisi umphunga, amandla obushushu efunyenwe undoqo reactor, amanzi isiphaluka sesibini, kungekho ukuqhagamshelana kuyo, nto leyo ishenxisa ukungena amasuntswana radioactive ngaphandle kweholo reactor le.

inkqubo Further ayahlukanga koko kwenzeka naliphi na igunya thermal - amanzi isiphaluka sesibini, nto leyo eye yaba Bungumphunga unika njengokujikeleza turbines. Isigebenga turbine isebenze umbane, abavelisa umbane.

A reactor yenyukliya akukho yenziwe nje yabantu. Njengoko yendawo yonke imithetho efanayo physics, amandla ngokucandeka enyukliya kufuneka agcine isakhiwo neyi kwendawo yonke kunye nobomi on Earth. reactor yenyukliya impilo yinkwenkwezi. Ke kaloku omnye wabo - ilanga, kunye namandla alo of fusion kuye wadala zonke iimeko ukuvela ngayo ubomi emhlabeni.