National Park "Paanajarvi" Karelia: inkcazelo, umtsalane kubakhenkethi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

, Indawo Icwecwe ekhuselweyo zexabiso ezizodwa komhlaba ngokumangalisayo intle - i "Paanajarvi" National Park. Imida bakhe phantse idibana ngokupheleleyo ummandla area of Olang River, ujikeleze lonke iipaki amabini esizwe - Karelian kunye Finnish. A isacholo real, esijikeleze indawo yale paka "Paanajarvi" - igama elifanayo edikeni, yaye yonke loo ndawo lonke park yi 104.473 hectares.

umbono jikelele

Landscape ngaphandle-style ephakamileyo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba abhale ubuhle enjalo apha. iincopho Intaba ezahlulwe zinzulu nemiwonyo exandekeni. Inani elikhulu amachibi ntaba, iindidi kwimigxobhozo, imilambo zasendle, abetheka phezu uba enkulu kwaye ochitha neengxangxasi ezinengxolo ... Park "Paanajarvi" nto zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kumathambeka zeentaba, ezihlanjeni yemilambo rose enyulu, akukho nto kuphazanyiswa ehlathini, ubukhulu becala nespruce lalonyukile. Kodwa xa ekhwela kubude ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ngekhilomitha, ehlathini mlomo phandle, waza wadla birches okufakwe. Okunye ngaphezu wadla shwaka, imithi ezinde ziya goso ngumoya kwaye ekugqibeleni ukunika indlela kuhlaza kumathafa.

ichibi Deep engqongwe iintaba, efana kakhulu umfula, intle kangangokuba nkqu ipaka odumileyo "Paanajarvi" ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Apha lalikunxweme belizwe yothani ngokugqibeleleyo, ngoko ke olundwendwe abantu kwixesha lakudala. Umhlaba utyebe kakhulu, imozulu intle, amanzi bazizityebi iintlanzi, kunye namahlathi - umdlalo. Inene iparadesi, apho wafumanisa kuqala Karelia, yaye ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, bafaka i eFinland. Zombini abaye baphila ngokuvisisana indalo, abangayi kuba nako ngenye kwindawo mnandi.

ipaki

Paanajarvi (Karelia) - ichibi ekhethekileyo yendalo, yaye akukho mlambo unique ngaphantsi elibaleka apha Olang. iindawo ezinjalo kwi planethi encinane kakhulu, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise zonke intshi zemfundo zokuzonwabisa iinjongo, lwezenzululwazi,, zokusingqongileyo. kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle nokudalwa ipaka yesizwe. Mhlawumbi uwagcine obu butyebi bendalo kwakungayi baye baphumelela. Kwaye ngoku, ukususela ekudalweni wokuqala sibiza indalo. Park "Paanajarvi", ngokuxhomekeka wonke ummandla ukhuseleko lingqongqo eziphilayo ezikhoyo. Kwaye oku kufuna inkxaso rhoqo mali.

Ukugcina lelifa lemveli yendalo kunye nenkcubeko, Isimanga, isinceda nokhenketho. Park "Paanajarvi" kwamaxabiso aziyi zivuthelana na isibhakabhaka, kodwa uqoqosho kwingingqi ayikho kuphela hayi ziyancipha, kodwa iphuhlise ingqalelo ngenxa kweli candelo. Uphuhliso yezokhenketho isonjululwe ezininzi iingxaki: Cognized zasendle ekhuselweyo, ezo banomdla kuphela abakhenkethi Russian kodwa amazwe. park Manual ixhasa inkqubo etsala nje kuphela ezininzi iindwendwe, kodwa ibanika ukuhlala ulwazi kakhulu kwaye ukonwabisa, ngaphandle ebangela umonakalo encinane eziphilayo.

indaba

Njengoko ngaphambili zonke eselunxwemeni edikeni zaye ezinabantu kakhulu abaninzi, nokudalwa Reserve akwenzeki. Xa ezicwangcisiweyo Oulanksky National Park, le ndawo na imida yayo iye azifakwanga. Kuphela ngo-1926 salungiswa nguNjingalwazi Linkola isidambisi projekthi. I-Government of Finland asixilonge kwaye iphumeze lo mthetho uqulunqwayo ngokwesiseko ngawo epakini kunye umda nje entshona lali Paanajarvi yadalwa. Indlela ngoko apha kuphela - ukusuka ezantsi, kwaye yakhiwa ngo-1906 ukususela Vuotunki. Kwaba emxinwa ubenetloni, ubulungeleyo kuphela ingxingwa neenqwelo.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-eko ukuyandisa, baqala ukubaleka ngamandla iimoto, yaye umsebenzi ngoko yezoqoqosho kakhulu sihlaziyekile. In Paanajarvi wavula iivenkile, iziko lonyango nkqu isebe lebhanki. In banesifo repartition eyimbali yaqhubeka Paanajarvi sele yedwa, kukho ngaphezu iifama zaba ngamashumi omathandathu. Kwaye ngo-1934, apha kwafika indlela yesibini - evela entla, kunye nalo, kunye ngokusebenzisa indlela abakhenkethi, leyo kuthiwa "Corner Bear kaThixo". Ke kwakukho imfazwe, kwaye lonke unxibelelwano kunye Paanajarvi eyaphukileyo. Ngoko wayebizwa umzila ndingahambi Oulankskom epakini yesizwe.

borderlands

Paanajarvi ngaphambi kwemfazwe, ilali waba nempumelelo kakhulu, eyona ekuhlaleni iKuusamo, ngenxa yokuba indawo kubakhenkethi, sisamkela ngaphezu kwewaka iindwendwe kwi ngexesha elinye. Ukongeza, kukho phantse rhoqo kwakukho oosonzululwazi zendalo, sifuna ukuba izityalo ezinqabileyo kumda ntshona hlathi. Apha flora relict, kwenye eFinland, iintlobo ezininzi bengekho.

Xa imfazwe yaphela ngendlela Finnish kwaye utyikitye isivumelwano soxolo, umda isebenza ngapha kwezinye iindawo ukuya ngasempuma, ngoko ke ngoku zemveli zorhwebo amaqhina kuphazanyiswa. Le lali yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo yimfazwe, zonke izakhiwo atshiswe. Ezi usikelelwe abakhenkethi iindawo ziye ingafikeleleki isiqingatha senkulungwane - babehlala abalindi kuphela apha. Ke eFinland kunye Karels Paanajarvi chibi ke ngoku engavumelekanga, ngokuba zephetshana umda waba ebanzi kakhulu kuthinteleke abomvu.

ngokutsha

Kule yee- emva kwexesha, le ndawo lwaba kwakhona ngazo, njengoko kwacetywa amandla Lake gidroakkumulyativnaya, naphezu ntaba iphakamileyo Karelia Nuorunen - iziko ekhephini. La magama mabini rhoqo weva kwiinkqubo zikamabonwakude, imeko nabo ihlanganiswa kumaphepha-ndaba ezininzi kunye neemagazini. Nuorunen Paanajarvi yaye ngokukhawuleza uba luphawu Karelia, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze nokukhuselwa kwabo ngenxa iimpawu ezizodwa kule ndawo.

Kwelinye icala umda, naye, wavakalisa ezahlukeneyo iziphakamiso zolondolozo le ngxenye kungachukunyiswa. Resistance yoshishino e kwindawo yokuqala - imithi, womelela kunene. Kodwa imikhosi zokusingqongileyo iphumelele, yaye ngoMeyi 1992 urhulumente Russian asayina ummiselo olungqamelanayo kwi ukusekwa park yesizwe kwindawo ebukhulu bayo buphindwe kane kunobelizwe Oulanksky. Ngoko kwakukho ipaki "Paanajarvi", ncomo apho abakhenkethi shiya kakhulu inxaxheba ngolangazelelo olukhulu. Iinkumbulo babo ubomi.

sezulu

Imozulu apha ithathwa ukuba nzima kakhulu, kodwa ke oku kusebenza kuphela kummandla Oulanka-Paanajarvi. Kukho Kusoloko elinesihlanu degrees lobushushu avareji - kokubini ihlobo nobusika, ngokulandelelana, kunye thabatha kunye kunye nemiqondiso. I-avareji lobushushu yonyaka kakhulu - malunga zero. Ukuba akunjalo kuba Gulf Stream, bekuya kuba ngokufanayo eSiberia, apho kusoloko mane degrees kukho - kokubini ebusika kunye ehlotyeni. Khumbula ukuba amageduka, yaye - kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimeko micro-zemozulu zahlukile enye kwenye, yaye ngokufuthi - kakhulu.

Kwintili Oulanka ilanga lasehlotyeni ezifudumeleyo kumo ngamandla kumathambeka esemazantsi, silinike ubomi zezityalo akafumaneki kwezi ezinezinga. Ngokwendalo, ezinzulwini asezintlanjeni, apho kukho ukhuseleko umoya, ufudumele ngaphezu ngaphezulu entabeni. Nasezimfanteni zisoloko emanzi epholileyo, ukukhula apha kuphela izityalo ezininzi wasentla. Kodwa ebusika iqatsela kakhulu iintili, kuba oko kukuthi apho umoya obandayo aphuma phantsi ezintabeni.

Apho babedle

Nespruce iminyaka eliwaka emithandathu, oko ilawula ezintlanjeni imilambo zasekuhlaleni, yaye kwakunjalo ngoko, uMyili iyantlukwano yanamhlanje ngokobugcisa kule ndawo. Xa inkululeko kunye nemozulu, iyintsobi circumpolar kwezityalo hlathi derevoobrazuyuschaya kumantla kule ndawo kakhulu ezinqabileyo; kukho nespruce kuphela, ezinde pine. Nangona kunjalo, apho umhlaba zinemali nelamaxandeka zikhuselekile emimoyeni ebandayo, bekuthi of Iaspen. Yintoni litshatshazi elifuna emlilweni elibomvu phakathi yenaliti conifer inokubonwa apha ekwindla!

Emilanjeni nasemifuleni bahlambe amasebe awo willow; ivamile futhi alder, kodwa zaziya ngakumbi. ash intaba abaninzi wejunipha kwi imigxobhozo, sinokugqiba kuyo malunga nokuqhama umhlaba yasekuhlaleni. Phantse yonke imilambo kunye nemisinga ezihonjiswe ne cherry, ezele yokukhanya kunye nevumba kwabo lonke ubude. A ezintabeni zibonisa zonation engqongqo nkqo ye yamahlathi. imithi emininzi esemacaleni edikeni nangasemlanjeni - ikakhulu Conifers - iminyaka engaphezu kwemine, kwaye kukho iimeko apho, anamakhulu mathandathu.

ekhethekile

Eka prodigy - pine, nespruce, ezinde, alder! Yintoni ezizodwa kangaka? Yonke indima yethu yesithandathu ye ilizwe wambu le mithi. Kwaye, kunjalo, esi sakhiwo yendalo wahlukile kwaye nexabiso nokubaluleka jikelele. Apha liyalondolozwa iintlobo ezininzi kakhulu kunye nobomi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana, awanyamalalayo ngokupheleleyo emva kokungena kwenye indawo. Zezityalo iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, ngokoqobo abahlala kwezi ndawo, ngokuba kumathambeka enelanga kukho izityalo ze ezinezinga emazantsi, kwaye emthunzini - relict Arctic.

Apha, kuphela oluninzi rarities zezityalo. kwezityalo ezinemigca kuphela epakini yesizwe lubonisa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe amathandathu, anamakhulu, kwaye ngaphezu kwama amabini kubo nangayiphi na kwimimandla Karelia akafunyanwa. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo esemazantsi (inyibiba entilini, amaqunube, umzekelo), ekhula ndawonye kunye emantla. Kwakhona ezininzi iindwendwe ezivela ekupheleni empuma - Aster Siberian, Weeks kunye nezinye eBaltic kunye namazwe Western ayikho kwaphela ngaphantsi. iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe asixhenxe nezityalo ngokubanzi ikhule apha, zidweliswe ezisengozini.

kulona

Kwaye ke park igcwele zasendle "Paanajarvi". Ukuphonononga bacebisa abameli ezininzi bahlangana apha kommandla hlathi; bafika lynx kuphela, amaxhama neebhere, kodwa wolverine, kunye ermine ngaphesheya. Izazinzulu iwise uluhlu elide kakhulu: iingcuka, martens, iimpungutye, imivundla, oonomatse, ngoboya, weasels, iilynx kunye iintlobo ngeentlobo kweempuku. Malunga adle, kakhulu, bathi nokubhala, nangona isasazeke kuphela kummandla umda eFinland. Mink, muskrat, beaver ahlalisane nama iingcuka arctic ezibandayo kunye lemming. Ngaphezu kwesinye anamanci mahlanu iintlobo zeentaka indlwane kulo mmandla - zombini akumzantsi wasentla. Apha zilungisa iintlobo ingakumbi abasesichengeni: dada zaselwandle, Indwe zingwevu, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kukho ezidla kwi oluBomvu - nenkqo, ukhozi emhlophe-ezinomsila, eagle yegolide, kunye neentlobo nje elinesibhozo yeentaka ezinqabileyo kunye ezisengozini ndizinyulele le ndawo.

Kunye namachibi unique apha. Amachibi kunye nemilambo yale paka "Paanajarvi 'ubomi kunye Salmonidae kunye whitefish, kwakunye burbot eqhelekileyo, Pike, zakhele kunye Roach. Eyona nto - zonke ezininzi. Zonke amadama kule ndawo Zinzulu kakhulu, amanzi acocekileyo emthonjeni. Komnye sisodwa kwiingxangxasi eziphakamileyo. Ukuphila relict aphele iintlanzi apha, nenala goby kunye minnow zezona umthombo wokutya omhle fish ezixabisekileyo. Ukumkanikazi zonke - trout, bunokusenza apha ubunzima kilograms ngaphezu kweshumi. Apha ke indebe esibalulekileyo iindwendwe epakini! Abo lucky ngokwaneleyo, qiniseka ukuba ukubhala uphengululo malunga 'Paanajarvi "National Park. A lucky, ebalawula yi-ncomo, abaninzi!

Ukufumana apho

Kwabo bafuna ukutyelela "Paanajarvi" National Park, abafowunelwa ziqhotyoshelwe. Le lali Iziko ndwendwe Pyaozersky na Louhi kummandla Karelia. Elalini ngokwayo uyakwazi kuvela entshonalanga, emzantsi nasempuma kwi kwindlela zomhlaba (malunga amathandathu km). Ukusuka St. Petersburg, eMoscow, Petrozavodsk kunye eSt Petersburg iya kukhokelela trail - Murmansk. Unakho ukuza ngololiwe ukuya kwisikhululo Louhi, ngoko - ngebhasi ukuya kwilali Pyaozersky.