Bank of England: imbali kunye nenkcazo

Kuzo zonke iibhanki umbindi eYurophu, i-Bank of England elusuku olukhe- udumo, yaye kukho izizathu ezivakalayo kakhulu. Eneneni, uyintshatsheli kabini. Ngaphandle nje kokuba iminyaka yakhe isenkulu kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na enye iibhanki zikarhulumente-European, oko ke iziko indala yemali yonke Albion. Akumangalisi ke wenyuka kunye negama yokudlala "Endala Lady", ngaloo ibhekisela ukuya conservatism yakhe.

Njani yaye nini i-Central Bank of England yasekwa

Imbali yalo mbutho iqala ngo-1694. Nangona urhulumente kunye ukumkani waseNgilani babefuna mboleko ukuxhasa imfazwe nxamnye eFransi. Enye yemali Scottish ogama uWilliam Peterson, weza nengcamango yokudala iziko ekhethekileyo yezimali, leyo ukuprinta yamaphepha ezintsha ngaloo layigubungela eshotayo mali. Ngenxa kwinkampani imfuyo joint, abanini kuzo malunga nama-1260 zabelo yenziwe, kuquka ukumkani, kunye naMalungu eziliqela ePalamente. Ubungakanani Isavenge sokuqala yaba elinamakhulu amabini eekhilogram, yaye ezi imali-mboleko kurhulumente kuqala. Ngoko kwakukho Bank of England - umbutho, ngaphandle apho kunzima ukucinga uya kuba yintoni na inkqubo yemali i-UK ezininzi kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi.

Imbali ukubunjwa

Ekuqaleni, lo mbutho unelungelo lokunika mboleko ezikhuselekileyo, ukuba baqhube imisebenzi kunye eyilwayo zorhwebo, umba eyilwayo wokwaluswa kwakhe, ukuthenga nokuthengisa igolide nesilivere. Ukumkani wayengekho amandla lakhe elipheleleyo - ukufumana imali-mboleko, kwakufuneka ukufumana imvume wePalamente. Kufuneka ke ukuba kude 1979, unyaka akazange abe nayiphi na imimiselo elawula umsebenzi weli ziko. Kwaye nje kulo nyaka, kuye ekugqibeleni yamkelwa umthetho ofanelekileyo, njengoko apho Bank of England acwangcise onke amaziko amatyala, idiphozithi-ukuthatha. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili, emva kokuhlola ngamnye kubo ufumana iwonga elitsha. Aba mhlawumbi ingqalelo yi-Bank of England, okanye iinkampani mvume kufumana iidipozithi. Xa lowo 1979, abasemagunyeni kweli lizwe athathe ezandleni zabo babebambelele, ikhokelwa ngu uMargaret Thatcher, kwaye kujoliswe iba umgaqo wolawulo-mali. Ulawulo imisebenzi yeebhanki olwenziwa ngurhulumente ngokusebenzisa intengiso kunye nokuthengwa amanqaku promissory. Emva koko kuza iminyaka 90, kwaye ingqalelo njengomba ophambili kakhulu imisebenzi kwimalike evulelekileyo. I-Bank of England, ezalisekisa ummiselo kaNondyebo, ingena intengiselwano ukuze ulawule inqanaba loovimba exchange angaphandle. Ukongezelela, unako kwaye kufuneka angenelele ukulawula umyinge wokuphelelwa lwemali kazwelonke. Ngowe-1997, phakathi Bank of England, i-Ofisi Ukongamela kunye finregulirovaniyu kunye Treasury wasayina isivumelwano, nto leyo ichaza imigaqo nemiqathango ukuba umsebenzi anencasa, ejolise ekuqinisekiseni uzinzo lwemali karhulumente. Kulo nyaka, ngoMeyi, ibhanki engundoqo lifumana evela kurhulumente linelungelo lokwenza isigqibo sabo ezakhe ixabiso kwenzala.

ulawulo

Intloko le ngumphathi weziko zemali (ubomi inkonzo - iminyaka emi-5), inxalenye loLawulo. Ngaphandle kwakhe kule nxalenye lomzimba inamalungu 16, oqeshwe nguRhulumente iminyaka emithathu. 4 UMlawuli kuba nabasebenzi beBhanki, lo gama enye i-12 - ke iintloko kweenkampani ezinkulu. ICandelo kunyanzelekile ukuba ihlangane ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga kunye deal with yonke imiba ezinento ngandlela kunye nemisebenzi ye-Bank. Nayiphi na imibuzo awenziwayo isonjululwe kwinqanaba yiKomiti Treasury, equka abalawuli-5, umphathi kunye nesekela lakhe.