I-Iron Lady kwezopolitiko baseBritani, uMargaret Thatcher: engobomi, imisebenzi yezopolitiko umdla facts

Margaret Thatcher - enye abapolitiki edume kakhulu kwinkulungwane XX. umsebenzi wakhe njengoko yinkulumbuso Great Britain waya 3 ixesha baba iminyaka eli-11. Eli yaba lixesha elinzima - xa lizwe waba iingxaki zoqoqosho nezentlalo enzulu, eNgilani ngokuba 'umntu ogulayo of Europe. " UMargaret wakwazi ukubuyisela eliphakamileyo yangaphambili Albion nokuqinisekisa ukongama imikhosi kwicala le babebambelele.

"Thatcherism" kwezopolitiko

Eli gama libhekisela ufakelo, leyo waphawulwa Margaret Thatcher e ideology, ukuziphatha kunye nezopolitiko. Wabo waba inkulumbuso xa uzama ukwenza oko.

eziphambili iimpawu yayo kubizwa ngokuba "ilungelo nokungalingani." Oziphethe athi umntu Ungasa into elungileyo, ngaphezu kokuba uye mzuzu. Thatcher wakhuthaza ibhizinisi kunye phulo ukuze bafumane inzuzo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha wabalahla "inkanuko imali kuba imali."

Kuba "Thatcherism" ukulingana - yinto isanga. A ilungelo ukungalingani, nayo, utyhala mntu eme, ukuphucula ngokwabo nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo. Yiyo ke loo nto ayizange kuphosakele ukuba sisityebi, kodwa koko, wabongoza bonke abemi ukuba enze iinzame ukuyandisa ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi umgangatho wokuphila.

ebuntwaneni

Margaret Thatcher (Roberts) wazalwa ngo-1925 ngo-Oktobha 13 Granteme, kufuphi London kwicala lasemantla. nentsapho yakhe babehlala ezifanelekileyo, akukho frills, singatsho indlela uyazidela yobomi abantu Western Europe. Indlu kwakungekho manzi aphilileyo, izibonelelo, kakhulu, baba phezu esitratweni. Usapho wayeneentombi ezimbini uMuriel - abadala, kunye uMargaret - phantsi iminyaka 4.

Eyajikeleza ngeenxa omdala ngathi umama - Beatrice, lo mncinane waye ikopi ngqo kayise Alfred. Waye babedume ukuba owuthandayo wakhe, evela kumzali yabantwana abasaqalayo baqala agonye zonke iimpawu ezithile ebomini abadala kwanceda kakhulu waza wajika waba uphawu lwe ilixa conservatism ngenkulungwane Britain XX.

Kwiminyaka 5, uMargaret waqala ukuthatha izifundo nepiyano, waza waphumelela ukhuphiswano lwesihobe emva kweminyaka 4. Kwi enikezela inqununu uMargaret wathi nethamsanqa kunene, apho waphendula wathi: "Andifuni amathamsanqa, yinto impumelelo." Esemncinane yena wakhula esixoxayo, ngoko ke amalungu asisigxina kwengxoxo club kunye imibuzo ebuzwe kwiminyaka yokuqala iimpendulo uxanduva ngokupheleleyo lebyi, ngokungafaniyo noontanga babo, "lungisa" ezinye iindidi zesigama.

UYise - ilungele uMargaret

UAlfred waba imfundo yaseprayimari, kodwa eyahlukileyo ukunxanelwa ulwazi olutsha ngenxa akazange ukuchitha usuku ngaphandle kokufunda. Olu phawu wafaka kunye nentombi yakhe. Ndawonye baya elayibrari kwaye uthathe iveki iincwadi ezimbini ngenjongo yokufunda yanjalo kubo.

Ukuba uyise utyala encinane Margaret ukuba ngokungafani bonke. Wasifundisa ukuba umntu umele 'ukukhokela' elingayi "eqhutywa". Ukuze oku kube yimfuneko ukuba asebenze yonke imihla, ukucinga ngekamva malunga ukuma kwabo ekuhlaleni. Alfred phindwa amaxesha amaninzi, akukho mfuneko yokuba benze kuba oku kwenziwe abanye.

Uyise efanelekileyo kuye, uMargaret omncinane babecinga esazi yonke into. Eyona uphawu nto yaba lunxano ulwazi. Waye ukunxanelwa ngamava ulwazi olutsha. UMargaret noyise baya komhlangano kwebhodi, ukufumana uthando kwezopolitiko, theatricality obuciko. Emva koko waba neminyaka eli-10 ubudala.

Margaret Thatcher Wawukhumbula ngenxa kwiminyaka ezayo nkongomiso kayise, wahamba nabo ngayo ebomini. Yaba nguye lowo umntwana iziseko ukuba namhlanje ihlabathi liphela ubiza "Thatcherism" elide capacious.

imfundo Round Thatcher

Ndandikhula, uMargaret wahlala kanye njengokuba endala njengoko ebuntwaneni ekuqaleni. Isizathu soku le izimvo ubomi noyise amthandayo. Waba ummeli of Protestantism bonke neziphumo ezilandelayo, ngaphandle kokuba ungusomashishini, Umthengisi. Yena zange waya naziphi zemidaniso okanye izimvo bhanya, kodwa kungekudala waqalisa ukusebenza kwi kwimpahla nevenkile Roberts, apho leva ezisisiseko loshishino kunye nenzuzo.

Ngelo xesha nye iye yabonisa ukuzibophelela - engama-4 bafunda Latin, ukwamkelwa ukuya ekholejini abafazi abaninzi esiphambili e-Oxford - Somerville. ummelwane wayo kwelo gumbi wakhumbula ukuba uMargaret wavuka xa kusentsundu kwaye uzama ukufunda into. Ikhosi yesibini kwakunzima: yena ndathandana unyana ka ubalayo, kodwa unina wakhe ngenkohlakalo ukucekisile Man, esithi ukuba intombi Umthengisi nje akukho umdlalo unyana wakhe.

intombi wanda kwaye uyazi ukuba umphefumlo wakhe lokuwina nkqubo ngakumbi. Margaret Thatcher ithabathe inxaxheba kule ngxoxo kwezopolitiko kwaye kule minyaka wajoyina i-Association of babebambelele, waza waba umongameli wayo wokuqala, ibhinqa 1946.

Ngowe-1947, yena akugqiba imfundo kwikholeji Oxford zokunikwa isidanga chemistry sokuQala. Ngoko nangoko bafumana umsebenzi umphandi-ngumphandi iiplastiki celluloid in Menningtone.

Ngowe-1953, yena ufumene isidanga umthetho kwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo, kakuhle oko kusenziwa, akuba wayesebenzela igqwetha. Kwakuba mzuzwana emva koko yaba yintoli entsimini kweerhafu, akuba wafunda olu shishino ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka-nkqubo elizayo yaba ubhetyebhetye kakhulu: wayebazi iziseko yokwakha ishishini, kwakukho inkosi ulwazi ngemithetho kunye irhafu, ukongeza, zazi kakuhle kwinkqubo lwezenzululwazi, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukulungiswa Margaret Thatcher ayemzonda nkqu ngaloo mihla, xa kwakusekho kude ukusuka kwisikhundla sokuba yinkulumbuso.

bt zepolitiki

Isimanga, kodwa emva kokuphela esikolweni, uMargaret wayesazi apho kuqhubeka nezifundo zawo - Oxford. Kutheni khona? Ngenxa kwesi sikolo bafunda bonke abalungiseleli UK elizayo. Apho, akazange bangalahlekelwa lixesha ilize, ukujoyina i KAOU - Conservative Association kwiYunivesithi Oxford. Ukususela ngoko ke waqalisa ukunyukela kwayo Olympus kwezopolitiko.

Nokuba ke waba nomnqweno ukubaleka umzimba izindlu ummeli, kodwa ukwenza oko kwaqala kuyimfuneko ukuba abe ngumengameli KAOU. Kwaye Thatcher waba nabo 1946. Le meko yaba ixesha elide kakhulu, yena walala iiyure 3-4 ngosuku. Lo mzuzu xa kwakufuneka akhethe phakathi kwezopolitiko kunye nemfundo - wakhetha wangaphambili. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba uMargaret Thatcher, umfundi owayesakuba wayengumfundi ophuma emagqabini, idiploma njengoko "Satisfactory", yaye isidanga seBachelor, yena wawongwa kwiklasi yesi-2.

Denis Thatcher - isikhokelo kupolitiko

Ngowe-1948, candidacy Margaret kaThixo savunywa ukwenzela ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu lonyulo zepalamente, nangona kunjalo, i-Labour Party, ethe ngokwembali ezazikhona Dartford. To. Esi sixeko i-mveliso. Ngoko ke konyulo yakhe yokuqala yalahlekelwa, kodwa nangakumbi waphefumlela umfazi umsebenzi ngengqiqo.

Ngelo xesha, wadibana Denis Thatcher (kuba igama umyeni wakhe yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi). Ngowe-1951, yena ecetywayo kuye. Le ndoda engama-33 ubudala, waba bit omdala kuye. Denis waba usomashishini, yaye ke ngoko ayikwazanga ukunika umfazi abaselula yonke into oyifunayo. Ngoku yena akwazi ukuzinikela kuye ngokupheleleyo kwezopolitiko, kwaye inguqu uMargaret Tetcher (UK kwakufuneka kakubi ngelo xesha) wayekhulelwe ixesha elide.

1953 laba ubomi kwakhe ubomi "white". Esi sibini Thatcher wazala amawele, yaye emva kweenyanga ezine emva koko, uMargaret abaphumelele iimviwo zokugqibela yaye waba igqwetha. Specialising kulo mkhuba yena wakhetha sphere irhafu, akuba efunde kakuhle, loo mgaqo-nkqubo iluncedo kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.

Eshwankathela intloko kufuneka kuthiwe Dennis idlale indima enkulu ekukhuleni kwezopolitiko uMargaret. Oko emva kokuba betshatile, ukuba akwazi anikezele ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi ayithandayo - kwezopolitiko.

Road ePalamente

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950 Margaret ne energy omtsha waqalisa ukusebenza zonyulo yasepalamente. Eyona nto inzima kakhulu ukufumana okwilizwe, nto leyo kuma abe ngumgqatswa. Waqala ne Kent, kodwa ke wesibini ukuba sele ivaliwe indlela ePalamente. Kwenye ezithili zemfundo ngendlela efanayo efanayo imeko County. Ngelo xesha elinye ukusilela Finchley yenzekile umgqatswa obudlula epalamente. Umsebenzi uqalisiwe! Abathathi-nxaxheba kule sayithi bantu 200. khuphiswano ukubhala, nto leyo ikhokelele nxaxheba 22 ekhethiweyo lwenziwa. Emva koko wabamba-ntetho yomlomo, emva koko kukho ngaphezu kwabaviwa-4 kuphela, ekwakukho phakathi uMargaret Thatcher. Yena wonyulwa ngumviwa kwisithili, leyo kwakuthetha eyona yokhetho kwalo ePalamente.

Ngowe-1959, waya iPalamente British - umendo kupolitiko yavulwa. Elo xesha yaba ntle kakhulu abo babebambelele baqalisa ukuntsokotha kuqoqosho, iNkulumbuso Macmillan wagula and barhoxa. A unyulo zepalamente ngowe-1964, "ehleli" phezu kwesitulo eliphikisayo Conservative. Kodwa ukuba uMargaret kulo nyaka waye wamiselwa nguMphathiswa Shadow weZindlu.

weqembu

minyaka 70 nzima ukuze uqoqosho kunye imeko lwangaphakathi e-UK. Kweli xesha kwemfazwe ilizwe yaqala abhenele kuphuhliso yayo ayiqukwanga nkqu encotsheni iinkokheli ezilishumi, nangona oko bekusoloko phambili.

Ngowe-1974, umbuzo ke wavuswa malunga ezikhethiweyo yintloko babebambelele. Margaret Thatcher wabeka phambili candidacy wayo ukuba ubandezele, ukuba yinkokeli yangoku E. Heath. Unyulo nimshiyile ndimangalisekile: 276 - 130 iivoti zaphoswa egameni Thatcher ne-19 kuphela Heath, emva koko wemka candidacy yakhe. Kodwa kunokuba UMargaret waba angi ezintsha. Eyona ezimbi kakhulu apho yaba Whitelaw. Umjikelo wesibini ukhetho 02.11.1975 apho kubonakala inzuzo ukuqina Thatcher yabanjwa; kuba livote abameli abakhethiweyo 146, Whitelaw wafumana 79 iivoti.

Eli yaba lixesha elinzima kakhulu ukuba abo babebambelele, bona kabini yisiwe kulonyulo zepalamente, inani lamalungu beqela lehla kakhulu, beza umbhodamo party. Kuye kwacaca: iqela kufuneka 'igazi elitsha. " Ke Thatcher abe mnye, ukumelana nalo msebenzi enzima.

Umgaqo-nkqubo Iron Lady Margaret Tetcher British

Yena kuqala waba inkulumbuso ngo-1979. Lawo izigqibo ezinzima: ukuphelisa abo akukho namnye eliqinisekileyo uloyiso ngayo abo babebambelele, kodwa amanani wokugcina wabonisa ukuba 339 ezihlalo 635 epalamente ababelwe ukuba abo babebambelele. UMargaret wayesazi ukuba ngoku nako ukuqaphela iingcinga ukuqanduselwa kwi intloko yakhe ngaphezu konyaka. Xa ubomi kwezopolitiko of Great Britain bangena kwixesha elitsha.

Ixesha njengoko inkulumbuso Margaret Thatcher wayesoyika kunene: baziphalaza iingxaki zoqoqosho nezentlalo kweli lizwe. UK isabelo zoshishino kuqoqosho Ihlabathi lonakele ngenxa ikota ukususela Second World War. Enterprises balahlekelwa, umvuzo eliphantsi kakhulu. Noosomashishini kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba sinciphise umgangatho iimveliso ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko. Le ntlekele kwezoqoqosho sele iqalile ukuba libe wezopolitiko, yokwandisa ilizwe evela ngaphakathi.

ngesandla twa urhulumente ngegqudu ka Margaret Thatcher wanceda i-UK kunye ngeenxa nabantu British ufumane incasa impumelelo naxa bubuyiselwe karhulumente.

UMargaret wayesoloko ziqondile kwaye ngokuqinileyo zokujongana nemiba kuwo onke amanqanaba. Yena walwa gadalala kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi, "whiners" ezidala. Abaninzi wabadudulela nje ngqongqo yayo, kodwa uninzi waya emva kwakhe, ngenxa yale ukuzimisela efanayo ekusombululeni iingxaki. Ngoko ke, kuye kabini baphinde bonyulwa kwisikhundla sokuba yinkulumbuso.

Akukho namnye abalungiseleli yinkulumbuso kwinkulungwane XX akazange ahlale le posi ixesha elide. Kuye laba uphawu kwixesha ukuvuselelwa Great Britain, ngelo eqeqesha leli lizwe.

Reform and kuzuzwe Thatcher

Margaret yena akazange ngokwam kukubizela na umfazi - uza kuthi: Mna wezopolitiko, kwaye wezopolitiko akukho isini. Wabonisa isibindi kwiindawo apho zange amadoda ngokwaneleyo.

Oko xa eyehlela yi ningavisisani Falklands ne-Argentina. ngokukodwa I-United Kingdom kunye Thatcher abonisa ukuzimisela kwabo kulo mba ngokwazisa akwabi, emva koko imikhosi Argentina banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye eso siqithi. Le mfazwe mncinane, elinye uloyiso yezopolitiko Iron Lady. Hi ndlela leyi, wanikwa igama lesiqhulo Russian kakhulu. Kowabo ngomlinganiswa obungenakuzanyazanyiswa ogama uMargaret ngaphantsi kude bumbongorha, umzekelo, "Ram" okanye "itanki vehicles".

Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba xa Thatcher waba iBritani rapprochement kunye eSoviet Union, uMikhail Gorbachev kunye nomfazi wakhe ukutyelela kunye norhulumente eLondon. UMargaret wabiza nogxa wakhe eSoviet ukuba 'idolo' ngeendlela ezininzi, baba kwisivumelwano, nangona kukho iyantlukwano.

Le olwaqalwa yi-Iron Lady, wayipheka ukuya zineziseko ezintathu eziphambili:

• ukuncipha irhafu yamashishini amakhulu;
• ngasese izibonelelo zoqoqosho kwicandelo likarhulumente;
• unciphiso kakhulu Amaholo.

Le yokugqibela, Kakade, babengakuthandi kakhulu uninzi lwabantu, kodwa wadlala indima entle kwezoqoqosho ebunayo.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ngaloo minyaka nengxaki Ulster. Margaret Thatcher uye wavakalisa nzulu kwezopolitiko ubulumko, inzolo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukuzimisela emangalisayo. Waye wacela ukuba ukunika Ulster (Northern Ireland) uzimele geqe eNgilani, ukuba Ukubanjwa referendums zibonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu ukuvotela esi sigqibo. Noko kunjalo oku ukuba: ngenxa Ulster kuba phantsi kokhuselo lwe-United Kingdom namhlanje. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ira (Irish Republican Army) baze bahlela uhlaselo inkulumbuso ngokuthi kwakusitsho ukuqhushumba, kodwa uMargaret zange zonakale, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkokheli ze Conservative Party.

tulo Care

Ngowe-1990, uMargaret Thatcher warhoxa. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba sele kudlule yonke elithile. Iron Lady akwazi ukubuyela United Kingdom amandla alo owayesakuba kokuqaqamba, kubuyisela kwakhona enye yeenkokheli zoqoqosho kunye kwezopolitiko ehlabathini. Le credit iya kuhlala ngonaphakade kwimemori yabantu yaseBritani, yaye igama Margaret Thatcher ngonaphakade eyayikrolwe kwimbali kwezopolitiko ye-UK. April 8, 2013 Iron Lady iphelile. Abaninzi bayazibuza: Thatcher indlela ubudala? UMargaret waphila ubomi obude, umdla, efikelela kwiminyaka 87 ubudala. Uvalelisa umngcelele yabanjwa phambi Queen Elizabeth II, amalungu entsapho yakhe, kwakunye amanani zopolitiko ixesha eladlulayo.