Barbara Radziwill: engobomi, ngobude, ilejendi

Nakule of Europe uyakwazi ukubala ngaphezulu akukho kweshumi abantu ngempela, ogama lakhe wayanyaniswe inani elifanayo yamandulo efana kunye nomfazi kaKumkani eyathatha II Augustus.

Barbara Radziwill, ogama engobomi ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, Lelona laba umlinganiswa eziphambili iibhaladi ezininzi, imibongo kunye nemidlalo. Kamva, kwinkulungwane yama-20, imbali uthando inkosi yakhe Polish ngokuphindaphindiweyo waphefumlela bhanya ukudala yothando umboniso malunga bayahlelwa "Lithuanian Juliet."

iminyaka Early

UBarbara wazalwa ngoDisemba 1520 kwaye waye intombi tycoon enamandla Lithuanian Yury Radziwill. Intsapho yakokwabo abazizityebi ukuze akwazi ukuchonga omthanda Bass elilingana njengekhazi lazo oko ookumkani amaninzi aseYurophu ishiye Dauphin.

Abazali abayinyamekelayo yimfundo intombazana. Ngokukodwa, kuyaziwa ukuba owned ngeelwimi ezi-6, kuquka Latin nangesiRoma. Ukongeza, uBarbara wafundisa ukupeyinta, imathematika, bekhwele emahasheni, ukuma, ukudlala izixhobo zomculo, ezakwalizwi, njalo njalo. D. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha lokwenzeka ingqalelo intwazana lokutshata, uBarbara Radziwill wayengomnye abafazi abaninzi abafundileyo ixesha lakhe, abanokwazi, nayo yonke iimfuno ze-European Renaissance.

umtshato wokuqala

Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1537, eneminyaka engama-17, uBarbara Radziwill waba ngumfazi Count Stanislas Gashtold. Umyeni wakhe unyana ka nguTshansila karhulumente uBukumkani iPoland Lithuania, kwaye ngaye, zada zathi ukuba unamandla ngaphezu inkosi yabo.

Phakathi kwiminyaka emi 5, lo gama umtshato yathatha, umfazi oselula babekholelwa ukuba umyeni wakhe ukuba olungalunganga kuye, nangona naye wamphatha kakhulu kubanda. Yiba ukuba kunjalo, abantwana zange azale, ngoko yayingengomarhe nenzalo yakhe ukuba igqwirha, kutheni iNkosi ayiniki inzala yakhe. Ngaphezu koko, xa kwiminyaka embalwa bakwazi kuyise womkakhe, yaye ke ngequbuliso wafa, indoda sisidwangube Gashtold yaba uhletywa inkundla ukuba she is a poisoner.

Kwinkundla eyathatha Augustus

Ngokutsho imithetho ixesha, umhlolokazi kwafuneka umhlala ehlabathini kwaye kuphela ukuba isijwili indoda yakhe. Ngeli xesha, abaninzi baba nomdla umbuzo ka Barbara Radziwill wahlala apho kunye nabo, yokungcwaba Stanislaus Gashtold. Kwathi kanti, ukuphuma endlwini kunye nomfazi waya Vilna, apho bahlala enqabeni umntakwabo - uNicholas Ginger.

Emva kweminyaka 5 zobuhlolokazi uBarbara Radziwill waqalisa ukuya ngokuhlwa neebhola waza esazi unyana Polish ukumkani eyathatha Augustus. Grand Duke wake wathabatheka elihle noBarbara wenza umkhonzazana wakhe imbeko umfazi wakhe Elisabeth Habsburg. Young entle, ende inkani kungekudala waba kwinkosikazi yakhe, ingakumbi njengoko akazange kakhulu kukhafula imikhuba yakhe nemiqondiso rhoqo ingqalelo. Ukuba kuyafuneka ukuba ukudibana rhoqo kunye Basey, uKumkani engqongwe yena nje kuphela umzalwana ongumhlolokazi, kodwa umzala wakhe - UNikolai Radziwill the Black.

namahlazo

Fihla umcimbi emehlweni inkundla kwakungelula, ngoko uBarbara wayeshiye Vilna enqabeni umyeni wakhe, nto leyo iye kufika kuyo ngasekunene ngokulandelelana. Jonga ozithandayo sakho lupholile lokuphathana eyathatha, waza waqalisa ukuphuma ngemihla, bechitha iiyure ezininzi iinqwelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imozulu kunye nexesha lonyaka.

Xa inoveli yi Barbara kunye yindlalifa kwitrone bathi, nkqu iindawo ezininzi ezisemaphandleni zobukumkani, abafazi abazalwana badibana nesithandwa sakhe waza wacela wala ukuba ukudibana naye, njengoko umonakalo isidima sayo nembeko eentsapho zabo.

Eyathatha Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunika phantsi kuthintelwe ukunciphisa uBarbara, kodwa waphelelwa ngumdla wokutya yaye ompe ubomi. Ukongeza, phambi kokuba ebeve amarhe malunga iinoveli zakhe, wazama ukuba ukuholwa. Ke uBarbara, waba esoyika ingqumbo the Queen Bona Sforza onamandla onke yingozi - unina eyathatha kaThixo, owayesaziwa ngokuba poisoner kunye wamacebo.

Le meko nokuba nzima ngakumbi xa Kwazeka ukuba umfazi wakhe usaphila xa Grand iNkosana unina waqalisa ukuthumela abathunywa efuna umfazi omtsha ukuba indlalifa, njengoko emtshatweni kunye Elizabeth of Habsburg, yena wayengafumani bantwana.

UBarbara wathetha iimvakalelo zakhe abazalwana eyathatha, yaye wathi kuye ukuba xa wayeza kulwa intanda yakhe, elindele ukuba intlungu yakhe.

Ukufa Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya

Ndimele ndithi ukuba umtshato ka eyathatha Elizabeth Habsburg waba dynastic, kodwa nezalamane lomtshakazi ngelo xesha wamfihla kuye ukuba umtshakazi - epileptichka. It nangoku kuqiniseka ukuba oku kwenzeka okanye kucwangciswe ngocoselelo kokubulawa umzamo, kodwa ngenye imini ibhinqa eliselula wawa ihashe wafa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva. A lot Kuthiwa ukufa Elizabeth - kusisiphumo namaqhinga uninazala.

Ngoku, akukho nto kumthwalo eyathatha watshata okwesibini uqhubeke ubukhosi Jagiellonian, ekubeni waba ngummeli wayo wokugqibela besini eyindoda. Kwangaxeshanye, wayesazi ukuba umkhwekazi wakhe awahlutha umfazi onjalo, uBarbara Radziwill, nto leyo engazange kwahluka ninobulali nomnqweno ukuthobela intando nabani na, ngaphandle kokuba umntu wayemthanda.

wedding

Akathi Sigizmunda Yagellona ukuba athathe amanyathelo, wangenelela kwimeko nabazalwana bakhe. Kuthiwa waya ezingela waza waqinisekisa ukuba ufunde ngayo. Luvutha Grand Duke wangxama ngomhla Bass, waza waqhekeza kwigumbi lokulala Radziwills ezimbini kunye zekrele. Bafune ukuba nangoko yayindoda yakhe, woziswa kwigumbi lombingeleli. Eyathatha kwafuneka ukuba ukuthobela, kodwa yena wafuna ukugcina umtshato mfihlakalo.

Nangona kunjalo elide sibini ayikwazanga ukufihla iqiniso emtshatweni. Esi saqhwithi kwaqhambuka xa unyana lomtshato bafunda Bona Sforza. Yamzama indoda yakhe, ukumkani ukuba benze zonke iinzame ukuba alivale kumtshato eyathatha. Oku kwalandelwa ntoni abazali abazange alindele unyana wakhe, wala ukuba angenise ekuthandeni kwabo, wathi wayeza kuhlala kuse ebudaleni, uBarbara Radziwill.

Le Ukuvuma kwetrone

Akwaziwa ukuphuhlisa indlela ngakumbi lo mcimbi, ukuba 1 Epreli 1548 I. uSigmund wafa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva kweza kuwo ukumkani omtsha kwintlanganiso ye-Lithuanian Seimas saziso umtshato wakhe, efuna ukuqaphela Barbara Radziwill Lithuanian Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa. Lo masekela ekuvunyelwene ngenkoliseko, kuba kwakuthetha ukomeleza impembelelo yawo Commonwealth, eyathatha kunye nomfazi wakhe ungashiywanga ePoland ngenxa ibekwa. Apho, lo mlawuli elalisandul 'ukumiselwa elidinga kwakhona ukufikelela ukuqatshelwa ngemeko Barbara. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwaba nzima. Isibakala sokuba amalungu Ukutya of the Commonwealth ingqalelo kumtshato kaKumkani engenakwenzeka nokuthotywa ePoland. Ngokukodwa, eso sigqibo bamchasa tycoons amathathu inkulu. Omnye wabo wada wabiza lehenyukazi the Queen, ebangela isithuko indoda yakhe.

Ke onke amalungu Seimas waguqa bambongoze uZygmunt (uSigmund) ngo-Agasti umtshato. King amandla kunye ngokwemvelo ngokungalindelekanga wabonisa ukuqina engaqhelekanga kwaye akazange ahlukane intanda yakhe.

Uninazala nomolokazana yakhe

Ukucaphukisa le manyano abakwazanga nkqu Bona Sforza, owathi, njengesiqhelo, afake oliqhophololo achase unyana umfazi wakhe wesibini. Phezu kwayo yonke imigudu yawo, into ekuphela ekufezile - ekugqibeleni ukuyiphanga neentlobano zokwazana eyathatha Augustus.

Abo babeyibonile umlando Barbara Radziwill, uyavuma ukuba oko kubonakala wesifazane. Noko ke, emva kokufunda malunga kweelana le iindwalutho Polish, yena ngokuzingca wala ngamalungelo etroneni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amalungu Seimas kunye izidwangube bamchasayo ngaphantsi, waza isithsaba noBarbara.

ukufa

Ngelishwa, ibali romantic Barbary Radzivill - akukho sentsomi kunye nesiphelo esihle.

Emva kweenyanga ezi-5 kuphela emva kokuba ibekwa, eneminyaka eyi-30, yena wabulawa sisifo esingaziwayo e Wawel Castle. Ekubeni umfazi lowo olomeleleyo zizakubalulwa nempilo entle, bonke bazama ukuqonda isizathu sokuba Barbara Radziwill wafa. Uninzi amalungu yezikhulu zaba unoluvo ukuba ityhefu Bona Sforza. Le nguqulo lililo kakhulu, ngokukodwa xa kujongwa ukuba yokugqibela wayevela kwintsapho amanene Italian, owaziwa ngokunxulumene uthando lamalungu ayo ukuba tyhefu kunye neziyobisi.

Ukongeza, ukumkanikazi oselula wafa kufa kabuhlungu. Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo wabonakala kwangethuba kwiinyanga ezi-2 emva kokuba betshatile, kodwa bathi bafumane amayeza ukuze ukungachumi. Emva koko ke sifo lenza inkqubela yaye yaphela intlungu elide, eyathatha iiyure eziliqela, nalapho azibhija kwi intlungu kakhulu. Ngemihla yokugqibela ubomi yomzimba zonke yokumkanikazi, wayifulela izilonda eyoyikekayo iyabhiqiza zingavela uselenuka kuyo. Noko ke, indoda zange ashiye Basenki intanda ebhedini, enethemba ukuphiliswa yakhe. Wabiza ngoncedo zonke izikhanyiso zonyango eYurophu, kodwa akukho mntu uye wakwazi nje kuphela ukugcina uBarbara, yaye kube lula ukubandezeleka yayo ngokungenabuntu.

sincwatywe

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uBarbara, wacela umyeni wakhe ukuba umzimba wakhe bamngcwaba e Krakow Wawel Cathedral, kwakunye nezinye ookumkani Polish kunye nabafazi babo. Kungenxa yoko le nto iye yaba yokusabela yokugqibela Church of St. Stanislaus Vilna.

UMoya Barbary Radzivill

Ukumkani kulilibala Basia wakhe angathethekiyo waza wenza abahlobo kunye nabazalwana bakhe, owayephila enqabeni kwi Nesvizh. Legend of Barbara Radziwill uthi xa weza nayo nemimoya Pan Twardowski, ngubani wayethembise ukuba aye kulanda umoya abafazi wakhe ongasekhoyo.

Bili wawayalela ukumkani uthinte iziporho, xa bathe bayifumana khona. Umoya uBarbara yabonakala eyathatha enyanisweni, Noko ke, umyeni wavuya, phezu kwazo zonke izibongozo, usiyazi lowo bezama ukungena umbono ezingalweni zakhe.

Ngokutsho legend, ngenxa ukunyhashwa umphefumlo ukuthintelwa nemimoya ngonaphakade uBarbara waba mbanjwa Inqaba e Nesvizh. Kulo mzekelo, Pan Twardowski waxelela ukumkani ukuba, xa uthe wafa kuloo ndawo, imiphefumlo yabo ukumanyanisa ngonaphakade. Uyavuya kakhulu yaye sizimisele ukuba uya kuba njalo. Kodwa ukufa yamfikela wamtyhala kwelinye enqabeni, kwaye ghost ka Barbara, eyaziwa ngokuba Black lady, kwaye soyika abantu unanamhla. Ayifumaneki ulala, umphefumlo eyathatha Augustus, ondwendwayo enqabeni elilolo ka Krakow, ngethemba ukukudibanisa kunye intanda yakhe.

King Kwangaphambili

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, unina ka-eyathatha wakhe ikwazile ukuba atshate i okwesithathu bakhetha udade umtshakazi xa Elizabeth Habsburg - UKaterina. Umtshato lwalulolwexeshana yaye akazange anikezele inzala, nangona omnye umfazi wazama ukuba balingise ukukhulelwa. Ngenxa yenkohlakalo Kumkani iinkqubo mtshato, ngokuthumela umfazi wakhe ekhaya.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi eyathatha Agasti II wayengqongwe izazi kunye warlocks, wafa kwelo gumbi, nto leyo kwakuyokozela ngelaphu omnyama, njengokuba kuwo waqhubeka buhlungu ngenxa intanda yakhe, naye wayefuna ukuba zihlangane emva kokufa.

"Epitaph for Barbara Radziwill"

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, kule nkulungwane yama-20 ngokuphindaphindiweyo baye bazama efilimini ibali uthando zothando eyathatha ukuya ubuhle Basho. Enye kakhulu yodumo umfanekiso, apho Barbara Radziwill Wavela phambi kokuba ababukeli ngohlobo enye abadlali ezininzi ezintle 80s Polish (ifoto ukusuka umboniso, jonga ngentla.) - uAnny Dymny. Lo mboniso wakhululwa ngowe-1982 yaye umboniso omfisha umboniso eyayithandwa ngcelele TV "nguKumkanikazi Bona". Womzobo ngokuba "Epitaph for Barbara Radziwill" kwaye yaba yimpumelelo enkulu.

Abantu abaninzi abadala babekholelwa ukuba umfanekiso wadala kwikhusi nomsi Anna - nto leyo akuyona indlela engcono Barbara Radziwill. Lo mboniso, wadubula ePoland ngowe-1936, xa ngokoluvo lwabo, kwaphumelela, njengoko indima ephambili kuyo, ukuze ubuhle Jadwiga Smosarska kunye eyathatha Augustus II wadlala Witold Zacharewicz. Eyokugqibela wafa EAuschwitz, lo bekuthiwa besiza amaJuda ngexesha Ngenkohlakalo.

Lo mfanekiso zobuciko

Barbara Radziwill, imifanekiso evela movie malunga apho sele wayibona kwiinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwe-5, Iyandonwabisa ebungqoleni amagcisa, iimbongi nababhali. Waye enikelwe imisebenzi bemidlalo Polish Venzhika F. kunye A. Felinskogo, idrama J. Grinyusa kunye Lithuanian umbhali iprozi wemidlalo kaYuri Grushasa.

Ukongeza, kukho imyuziyam lamazwe awohlukeneyo ahonjiswe imizobo Voytseha Gersona kunye Yana Mateyko, njl, Njengokuba kwakunye kwengeniso of Barbara Radziwill ababhali ezingaziwayo, leyo bunokubonwa kwibhotwe Ursynów e Warsaw kunye Olessky Castle.

Ngoku ukuba wazi apho ahlala, uBarbara Radziwill, nendlela wadibana nesithandwa sakhe sasebukhosini, kwaye niyazi iinkcukacha kuthandana kwabo, nto leyo zisabangela inkxalabo isimo ezinobuthathaka.