Imbali yezi zithuthi Russian. Petra Velikogo Fleet

Russia - wombuso lizwekazi, kodwa ubude nasemdeni wayo, ukunqumla umphezulu amanzi 2/3 ngokobude iyonke. Russian wamandulo ukuhamba phezu kweelwandle yaye nako ukulwanabo elwandle, kodwa isithethe yomkhosi wamanzi kunjalo kwilizwe lethu kukho malunga nama-300 eminyaka ubudala.

Sekunjalo ukuphikisana malunga isiganeko esithile okanye umhla, Sivela imbali zithuthi Russian kuzo. Enye into kucacile ukuba wonke umntu - oko kwenzeka ngexesha Petra Velikogo.

Yemifuniselo yokuqala

Sebenzisa misele ukususa imikhosi exhobileyo kweli lizwe, apho imilambo na iindlela eziphambili unxibelelwano, i-Russian waqalisa ixesha elide eyadlulayo. Chaza indlela edume 'ukusuka Vikings ukuya amaGrike "babuyele iinkulungwane. Malunga iphulo "lodev" Prince Oleg ukuba epics eConstantinople yabhalwa.

Wars Aleksandra Nevskogo kunye balwa kunye zenkolo German baba enye yeenjongo eziphambili yokuxhobisa zokuhlala Russian kufuphi umlomo Neva, ukuba abe nako ukuzikhulula yokukhangela kuLwandle lweBaltic.

Emzantsi, nomzabalazo kuLwandle Black kunye nangezinto Turks kwakukho Zaporozhye kunye Don Cossacks. "Nesihuluhulu" zabo yayaziwa 1350 wahlasela ngempumelelo yaye wayithimba Ochakov.

Le wempi "Yokhozi" yokuqala Russian yakhiwa ngo-1668 kwi the Oka River kwidolophana Dedinovo ngokomyalelo * uKhesare Alexei Mikhailovich. Kodwa ukuzalwa kwakhe yokwenene weenqanawa Russian linyanzelekile ukuba iphupho ukuthanda unyana wakhe - uPeter Omkhulu.

iphupho Ekhaya

Ekuqaleni Ukumkani mfana wayemthanda nje ukuhamba ngephenyane elincinane eyafunyanwa njengeshedi kwilali yase Izmailovo. Esi sikhephe imitha-6 kwakunikelwa nguyise wakhe, ngoku zigcinwa Naval Museum of St. Petersburg.

Lo mlawuli elizayo wathi emva koko kuyo kwaye Sivela Russian Imperial Navy, waza wambiza ngokuthi "Mkhulu we-Russian Fleet". UPetros wayibuyisela ngokulandela iinkosi kwisisombululo eJamani, ngokuba abaziinkunkqele yakhe inkosi eMoscow wayengekho.

Xa umlawuli elizayo kwiminyaka 17 uye waba ngumlawuli yempela, ndaqonda ngokwenene ukuba iRussia akakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngaphandle ubuhlobo zoqoqosho, zenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko kunye Europe, kunye neendlela ezingcono zokunxibelelana izinto zaselwandle.

umntu ehlokomayo ukwazi, uPetros wafuna ukufumana ulwazi namakhono kwimiba ezahlukeneyo. uthando lwakhe kakhulu yaba ithiyori nokuqhele ukwenziwa imikhumbi, apho wafunda ukusuka Dutch, isiJamani kunye iinkosi IsiNgesi. Wakhangela bajula kungena iziseko cartography, ndafunda ukusebenzisa izixhobo navigation.

Isakhono wokuqala waqala imali kokudalwa 'wayenothotho kuhlekwe "Pleshcheyevo ichibi Pereslavl kufuphi Yaroslavl. NgoJuni 1689 apho shipyards yaqokelelwa robot "uThamsanqa", frigates ezincinane 2 kunye yacht.

Phuma kwi olwandle

Huge ngxilimbela komhlaba, lowo wesithandathu komhlaba ubunzima koMhlaba, eRashiya ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII-ngaphantsi kwe kwamanye amazwe angafuna ukuba igunya olwandle. Imbali yezi zithuthi Russian - it kwakhona ibali umzabalazo yokufikelela elwandle. Kukho iindlela ezimbini emajukujukwini elwandle - ezimbini "yebhotile": i-Gulf of Finland kunye koLwandle iBaltic, abambe a Sweden nkqi, ngaphesheya koLwandle Black, ngokuthi elimxinwa kwiStraits of the iDardanelles, leyo phantsi kolawulo Ottoman.

Lilinge lokuqala ukunqanda iyangena iCrimea nangezinto Turks phezu imida kumzantsi, kunye nokuba kwazeke ukwakhiwa isiseko idabi elizayo ukuya kuLwandle Black esenziwa uPetros ngo-1695. Inqaba Azov, sise umlomo Don, iye ukumelana lathatyathwa uhambo Russian emkhosini, kwaye angqingo ngendlela wawungenamandla ngokwaneleyo, hayi imali ngokwaneleyo ukusika unikezelo emthethweni ukuya Turks singqongwe ngamanzi. Ngoko ke, ukulungiselela phulo elandelayo, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe izithuthi.

Azov fleet

UPetros amandla ibonwe uhlaziyo ukwakhiwa iinqanawa. abalimi ngaphezulu kwe 25,000 Ndigxothiwe ukusebenza kwi shipyards kwi Kumbi kunye phezu komlambo Voronezh. Ngokutsho iisampuli evela phesheya, phantsi kweliso iinkosi basemzini eqamba 23 imikhumbi ekuqhubeni (nzima), 2 xinyenyana enkulu (omnye wabo - 36-gun "Apostol Potr"), iinqanawa ezincinane ngaphezu kwama 1,300 - amaphenyane, amakhuba kunye like. d. Yaba lilinge lokuqala ukwenza into ebizwa ngokuba "rhoqo Russian Imperial Navy." Uzalise ngokugqibeleleyo umsebenzi wayo zokuhambisa amajoni ukuba iindonga nqaba, bayirhawula yi ikwaxina ka Azov ngamanzi. Emva zokungqinga-ngeveki ezintandathu ka July 19, 1696 ibutho yanikezela.

"Lutche ukuba ulwe elwandle ..."

Eli phulo wabonisa ukubaluleka impefumlelwano komhlaba kunye ulwandle nemikhosi. Waba kakhulu ukuba isigqibo le Boyar Duma kulwakhiwo ngakumbi noweenqanawa. "Iinqanawa kufuneka!" - ummiselo wasebukhosini phezu yokwabiwa kweemali iimpahla ezintsha samkelwa-Oktobha 20, 1696. Ukususela mhla, imbali lwezithuthi Russian, kwaye ugcina countdown yayo.

laseMelika enkulu

Imfazwe sokufikelela emazantsi olwandle bamba Azov sele nje iqalile, yaye uPetros waya eYurophu kufuna inkxaso nxamnye Turkey kunye namahlakani ayo. Ukumkani wasebenzisa uhambo lwakhe ozakuzo eyaqhubeka enye yonyaka ukwandisa ulwazi lwabo imikhumbi kunye nemicimbi zomkhosi.

Phantsi igama Petra Mihaylova, wasebenza shipyards ye-Netherlands. Wazuza amava qhu labachweli Russian. Kwiinyanga ezintathu ukususela inxaxheba kwazo kwakhiwa awahlali "UPetros noPawulos", baya ke phantsi kweflegi ye-East India Company ku Java.

ENgilani, ukumkani nabo esebenza shipyards kunye noomasifundisane mechanical. IsiNgesi King ngqo uPetros ulungiselela zijike aselwandle. Ukubona intsebenziswano esindindeneyo 12 kunye neenqanawa ezinkulu, uPetros ichwa- yitile yaye ithi wayefuna ukuba i Admiral IsiNgesi, ngaphezu i-Russian Tsar. Ukususela ngoko iphupha ukuba enamandla Russian Imperial Navy iye wamomeleza kuye ngokupheleleyo.

Russia young

ishishini Marine luphuhla. Ngowe-1700, Pet Veliky umisela yibhanile yezizwe, iinqanawa Navy Russian. Kwathiwa igama emva Order lokuqala Russian - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. iminyaka 300 ukuya kwizithuthi Russian, yaye phantse zonke elo xesha, labenzela ithinzi oomatiloshe Russian elibhalwe ngokumileyo umnqamlezo oluhlaza iflegi eSt Andrew kaThixo.

Emva konyaka, eMoscow esikolweni yomkhosi wamanzi lokuqala - isikolo of Sciences lwezibalo olwandle. Waseka Navy wayalela ukuba akhokele kwisebe elitsha. EyamKelekileyo Naval Charter wangena phakathi aselwandle.

Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - i-Admiralty, owayephethe kuloo ndawo yokwakhela - iinqanawa ezintsha nakhelwe apho.

izicwangciso Peter I ngayo eminye yokoyisa kumazibuko kuLwandle Olumnyama wenqwelwana kwakukho shipyards ukuyiphepha umdlali elinamandla ngakumbi North. Denmark Sweden waya emfazweni phezu kwiziqithi phikisa uPetros naye kwicala Danish, ngenjongo ukuba atyhudise i "window eYurophu" - ukufikelela kwi kuLwandle lweBaltic.

Battle Gangut

Sweden Bakhokelwa Charles XII oselula kwaye nekratshi kwakungamandla omkhulu wamajoni elo xesha. Ongenalwazi Russian Imperial Navy walinda nquleqhu. Ngehlobo lowe-1714 butho Russian of imikhumbi bakhokelwa Admiral Fedorom Apraksinym wadibana iinqanawa Swedish enamandla eCape Hanko. Ukuthobela utshaba zokudubula, eli gosa akabanga nabuganga ukwalathisa ngxabano yaye ingxelo kuPetros meko.

Ukumkani wenza feint: wayalela ukuba amalungiselelo flooring iinqanawa wokuweza kumhlaba owomileyo, kwaye sibonise iinjongo ukuza ngapha zirhuqwe ngasemva yotshaba izithuthi. Ukuthintela oku, i balwa ekwabelwana fleet, ukuthumela iqembu iinqanawa 10 indiva usingasiqithi ukuya kwindawo Perevoloka. Ngeli xesha ulwandle yasekwa ezolileyo epheleleyo, leyo, ndayihluthwa balwa naluphi na kushenxa. iinqanawa Kuku igcwele arc umile ukuya phambili edabini, kunye imikhombe zithuthi Russian - imikhumbi ekuqhubeni ekhawulezayo - kwaqhambuka ecaleni konxweme wahlasela iqela iinqanawa 10, ulungiso kuyo bay. Iifrigate flagship "Elephant" sathathwa ababekhwele kweso sikhephe, uPetros ngokobuqu inxaxheba ukuhlaselwa melee, ukuzoba oomatiloshe ngomzekelo.

uloyiso Russian aselwandle kwaba ngokupheleleyo. Malunga iinqanawa elinesibini zafakwa, ngaphezu kwewaka balwa zifakiwe kwaye ngaphezu kwama-350 - babulawa. Ngaphandle nokulahlekelwa nqanawa enye, Russian ezilahlekileyo 120 madoda abulewe 350 - owenzakeleyo.

First Victoria Sea - i Gangut kunye, kamva, kwi Grengam kunye nomhlaba Poltava uloyiso - konke oku yaba ngundoqo ukusayinwa iSivumelwano Nystad Sweden (1721), phantsi apho eRashiya zaqala ukuvela kuLwandle lweBaltic. Injongo - ukufikelela amazibuko West yaseYurophu - sele kuphunyeziwe.

Lona Petra Velikogo

Isiseko nokudalwa kwiBaltic Fleet yasekwa uPetros iminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokuba impi Gangutskaya xa zibangwe emlonyeni Neva balwa eyasekwayo St. Petersburg, ikomkhulu elitsha yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kunye yeli ziko lomkhosi ekufuphi nalapho - Kronstadt - baba amasango zavalwa kwiintshaba kunye genge ukuze zorhwebo.

Kuba leminyaka ikota, iRashiya wathabatha indlela wathabatha iinkulungwane eziliqela, amagunya phambili umiswa - indlela ezinqanaweni ezincinane yolawulo lonxweme kwizikhephe enkulu yokulwa isibhakabhaka lwehlabathi. Iflegi ye-Russian lwaphela wayesaziwa yaye ehlonelwa kubo bonke elwandle zehlabathi.

Imbali yanqoba kunye ukoyiswa

iinguqu UPetros kunye nomntwana ayithandayo - fleet Russian lokuqala - elindele iindlela ezimanyumnyezi enzima. Asingabo bonke abalawuli kwe-lizwe ekwabelwana iingcamango Petra Velikogo, okanye amandla akhe lomlinganiswa.

Kule minyaka 300 ecaleni fleet Russian wafumana ithuba lokuphumelela uloyiso izihlandlo Ushakov kunye Nakhimov kunye nomonakalo kakhulu e Sevastopol kunye Tsushima. Emva kokuba kuphangwa esisinda eRashiya umnakekeli ubume bamandla yolwandle. Ngexesha Renaissance, emva kokuwa epheleleyo uyayazi ngembali Russian Navy kanye kwiinkulungwane ngaphambili, kunye namaxesha mihla.

Namhlanje izithuthi ukuzuza amandla emva ngxi buhlungu, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba konke kwaqala amandla kunye nentando Peter I, owakholwa ubukhulu namazibuko kwilizwe labo.