Ngubani na odale lo moya wokuqala

Umntu wayefuna ukuba ukuvuka emoyeni kwaye uzive inkululeko moya belingana kunye iintaka. Ekubeni ngemvelo ayiniki abantu kwamaphiko, amaphupha endiza zaye eziqulathwe nokudalwa moya okhethekileyo. Lo moya wokuqala yi abayili eziliqela ngasemagumbini ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba usecicini encinane ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngoko, umnini entendeni kulo mba nangoku lusekiwe ngokucacileyo. Imbali inika sibe ukhetho amathathu, ukuba ngqo, nkqu contenders ezine kokusungulwa moya: i Wright Abazalwana USA, Alexander Mozhaiskogo ukusuka eRashiya Alberto Santos Dumont evela eBrazil.

Ngukhokho abadume-moya lwale mihla kuseyinto lo moya abazalwana Wright. Nabasunguli ezivela eUnited States - UOrville Uilbur Rayt wathabatha isibhakabhaka moya wakho Flyer-1 kusasa ngoDisemba 17, 1903. Lo moya Esokuqala imizuzwana 12 wayisithelisa umgama ifowuni 36 kunye neemitha ezinesiqingatha, yaye umqhubi yokuqala, ngokulandelelana, waba Orville Wright, ngubani labhabha-moya engqengqe iphiko layo.

Eneneni, akuzange kube ezabo umatshini lwabo etshisayo, ekwimo yakhe ecocekileyo, njengoko moya wayifaka ecaleni kaloliwe sikhokelo, ndaza ndakhawuleza ngoncedo isilinge. Kodwa ke kule meko bokwakha kuye kwabonelelwa injini yokuvutha lwangaphakathi, nto leyo yakhiwe abafowabo.

Emva ulwazi lokuqala balandela uthotho ukuphucuka kungekudala yakhwela emoyeni Flyer-2 kunye Flyer-3. Ekwindla 1905 Bratya Rayt wakwazi ukubhabha phantse ayi mane. Kuba primitiveness yayo yonke, moya zazo unelungelo lokuba kuthiwe moya kuba bebexhotyiswa Motors ezilawulwa abaqhubi kunye loselwa imithetho yokubhabha. Noko ke, kwisisu semoto ngathi iinqwelo singawufumenanga kwaye wakhuliswa isilinge emoyeni.

Phantse ngaxeshanye kunye nabazalwana Wright yaqalisa moya wabo emoyeni umsunguli Brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1906 e-France. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwale ndiza yokuba wathabatha ngaphandle naziphi na izixhobo ezongezelelweyo, okt ukuba ngokupheleleyo esingazihambeliyo. Inqwelo-moya wokuqala, lowo bekuthiwa i "-bis 14» waba isisu semoto non-asuswayo bantinga kuphela ngamandla alo.

Ngoku kuya kusiba Ziyanda ukuba lo moya yokuqala asizange kwakhiwa eMelika eRashiya iminyaka engamashumi amathathu phambi kokuba moya abazalwana Wright '. Walikhulisa Mozhajskij wakhe yangasemva Admiral, ngubani kudala kuqhutywa izifundo ezifanelekileyo. Its moya ukufana iphenyane encinane imibhobho eziliqela, iimasti kunye injini ezimbini umphunga ezincinane. Yayibizwa ngokuba iqokobhe jukwini, kwaye ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba izithuthi ezifanayo emoyeni Mozhajskij zazifumanayo ngo-1881.

isakhiwo Mozhaiskogo kunganxulunyaniswa uhlobo moya fuselage, olwaqala yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo kwiminyaka engama-30 kuphela kamva. Abaqambi yaba mali ekhaya kakhulu, kwaye urhulumente wafuna ukubonisa imali encinane njani uphando kunye, xa kusenzeka konke lokuhlela kwaye uyeke yonke nophuhliso.

Zibhalwe moya yokuqala ehlotyeni ka-1882 kufuphi St Petersburg, xa i-Red Selo. Sabamema ngokukodwa yiKhomishini waphawula ukubhabha moya, ekuthiwa Mozhajskij aerodinamom. -Moya wokuqala saa kwi ukutyibilika ngamaplanga, kukho iimitha ezimbalwa bantinga ingena emanzini, iphiko eyaphukileyo.

Uphando lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba ngelo xesha aerodyne iyilelwe ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa ayengenalo igunya le mveliso ye-moya elide.

Mozhaisk, ekuvaleni iingxaki kumaziko aseburhulumenteni kunye zemali waqhubeka nophuhliso lwakhe. Ngowe-1890 wafa, ukuphuhlisa ishishini lakhe kwakungekho namnye, kunye nabasemagunyeni tsarist bakhetha ukulibala malunga moya, bangcwabe ukufunda ixesha elide. Nokuba yenzelwe lo moya kwakungekho ukusetyenziswa - watshintshelwa impahla Mozhaiskiye kufuphi Vologda, yaye ngo-1895 waza wazitshisa apho.

Ngoko ke ngubani na abasunguli anganika phambili yokugqibela? Ngasinye isigqibo ngokwayo. Aviation - iphepha ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu, nto leyo yenziwa Ukuxelenga abantu abaninzi: theoreticians, iingcali, iinjineli kunye namaphupho. Ngoko ke, bonke kufuneka unelungelo lokwamkelwa kunye nenkumbulo.