Le obizwa kunye nobushushu transfer. Iindlela zokudlulisela ubushushu nokubalwa. transfer Ubushushu - ukuba ...

Namhlanje siya kuzama ukufumana impendulo yombuzo "Heat - nto ..?". Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela ukuba yinkqubo, apho iintlobo zawo ezikhoyo kwindalo, yaye niyazi ukuba yintoni na ubudlelwane phakathi transfer shushu obizwa.

definition

Ubushushu Transfer - inkqubo emzimbeni, eli leyo kukudlulisela namandla obushushu. Exchange kwenzeka phakathi izidumbu ezimbini, okanye inkqubo yabo. Ngaloo transfer ubushushu efunekayo iya kuba ngu imizimba ndinobushushu evuthayo kangako.

inkqubo Iimpawu

transfer Ubushushu - oku luhlobo nesenzeko ezinokwenzeka kukudibana ngqo, kwaye phambi kweendonga ukwabela. Kwimeko yokuqala, onke acacile, kodwa umzimba yesibini eya kusetyenziswa izinto imiqobo, bume. transfer ubushushu kwenzeka kwiimeko apho inkqubo equlathe izidumbu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, ungekhona kwimo lwesilinganiso thermal. Oko kukuthi, enye yezinto uye kwiqondo eliphezulu okanye ngaphantsi enye. Apha ke lidlulise wamandla oshushu. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba uza kugqitywa nini le nkqubo iza zibe kwimeko lwesilinganiso thermodynamic okanye thermal. Le nkqubo kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, njengoko sinako uxelele umthetho wesibini obizwa.

iintlobo

transfer Ubushushu - inkqubo lungohlulwa lube iindlela ezintathu. Baya enemo esisiseko, kuba kubo kukho sub ngokwenene iimpawu zalo belingana kunye nemithetho jikelele. Namhlanje wahlulwe ezintathu iintlobo transfer ubushushu. Le Uhanjiso, පිළිතුරු iimpendulo kunye nemitha. Masiqalise kunye lokuqala, mhlawumbi.

Iindlela transfer ubushushu. conductivity emhlabeni.

Ngoko ke impahla umzimba eziphathekayo ukwenza ukhutshelo. Ngaloo ndlela ophezulu ukusuka kwezona shushwana olufanayo leyo esibandayo. Isiseko sale ziyenzeka umgaqo sesindululo umbhodamo neemolekyuli. Oku njalo-ebizwa ngokuba okukhe kwenziwa. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, kokukhona edakasa molecule, ngenxa yokuba amandla enkulu entshukumo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya thermal Uhanjiso elektroni, iimolekyuli, atom. Oku kwenziwa imizimba, iindawo ezahlukeneyo apho babe lobushushu ukungalingani.

Ukuba into iyakwazi ukuqhuba ubushushu, sonke sithethe isici oluninzi. Kulo mzekelo, idlala indima conductivity thermal. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba ubushushu obuninzi udlula yomntu parameters ngobude indawo nganye kwexesha unit. Kulo mzekelo, ubushushu bomzimba liya kutshintsha xa kanye 1 K.

Kuqala kwakukholelwa ukuba ngokutshintshiselana ubushushu kwimizimba ezahlukeneyo (kuquka izakhiwo ubushushu transmission isakhelo) ngenxa yokuba ukusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba kwenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-nokuphuma caloric. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu eyona khona, akukho namnye eyifumanayo, kwaye xa ingcamango molekyuli-kwikinetiki iye yaphuhliswa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, bonke malunga caloric bakhohlwa ukucinga, ngenxa yokuba hypothesis waba yangoonomgogwana bezizwe.

පිළිතුරු iimpendulo. Amanzi transfer ubushushu

Ngale ndlela i-eneji yobushushu exchange kuqondwe transfer kunye imigca zangaphakathi. Makhe sithi iketile yonke yamanzi. Njengoko iyaziwa, kukho umoya eshushu yhuu ukhwela phezulu. A kubanda, inzima kuwa ezantsi. Ngoko kutheni onke amanzi kufuneka kube ngenye indlela? Yena nto kanye enye. Kwaye ke ekuhambeni kwalo mjikelo, zonke kunokudala amanzi, enoba bangaphi na, uya shushu phambi ngobume lwesilinganiso thermal. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kunjalo.

radiation

Le ndlela umgaqo radiation electromagnetic. Kungenxa amandla lwangaphakathi. Ngamandla ukungena theory of radiation ubushushu ukuqala, nje qaphela ukuba isizathu apha isixhobo bamasuntswana icala, athom kunye iimolekyuli.

imisebenzi elula ku conductivity thermal

Ngoku makhe sithethe ngayo, xa kusenziwa Kubonakala ngathi izibalo transfer ubushushu. Makhe ukusombulula ingxaki elula enxulumene kunye nobungakanani ubushushu. Makhe sicinge ukuba sibe ubunzima amanzi ngokulinganayo isiqingatha ngekhilogram. Ubushushu ukuqala amanzi - 0 Celsius degrees, lokugqibela - 100 Sifumanisa ubushushu ubungakanani wachitha qhagamshelana ubunzima ngenxa ngokushushubeza iziyobisi.

Ukuze wenze oku kufuneka ifomula Q = cm (t ₂ -t _1), apho Q - mali ubushushu, c - indlela ethile ubushushu bamanzi, m - emininzi, _t-1 - ekuqaleni, t ₂ - lobushushu lokugqibela. itheyibhile Amanzi ixabiso c ubuntu. umthamo ubushushu ngqo ilingana 4200 J / kg * C. Ngoku sitshintshe sifke lamanani kubuqu be ifomula. Sifumanisa ukuba imali ubushushu ilingana 210000 J, okanye 210 kJ.

Umthetho lokuqala obizwa

Le obizwa kunye transfer ubushushu zinxulunyaniswa yimithetho ethile. In nesiseko - ulwazi lokuba utshintsho amandla lwangaphakathi kwinkqubo kungenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Imvelaphi - ukusebenza ngoomatshini amanqaku. Okwesibini - umyalezo isixa esithile ubushushu. Ngokusekelwe kulo mgaqo, ngasendleleni, umthetho wokuqala obizwa. Nantsi ke amagama: Ukuba le nkqubo sele ingxelo isixa esithile ubushushu, kuya kusetyenziswa lo msebenzi ikhomishini kwi maqurhu angaphandle okanye bendinokunyusa amandla yayo yangaphakathi. Ukuzibonakalisa ngokwezibalo li: DQ = du + dA.

Iphawu lokwengeza okanye lokucutha?

Ngokupheleleyo wonke amaxabiso eziyinxalenye ukurekhodwa zezibalo yomthetho yokuqala obizwa angabhalwa kunye 'dibanisa' yaye oluthi "thabatha". Ukhetho Inkqubo iza masikhokelwe ziimeko. Makhe sicinge ukuba le nkqubo ifumana umlinganiselo othile ubushushu. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba kukhuphiswano lwakhe. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukwanda igesi kunye, ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi ugqityiwe. Ngenxa yoko, eli xabiso liza kuba HIV. Ukuba isixa ubushushu ayemka, yalerhasi lupholile, umsebenzi wenziwe kuyo. Amaxabiso ziya Azifihlwanga amaxabiso.

Isixhobo esisesinye ekuyilweni umthetho wokuqala obizwa

Masithi kufuneka injini kwibhetshi. It ulwelo zomsebenzi (okanye inkqubo), enze inkqubo elibujikele. Ibizwa ngokuba ngomjikelo. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo iya kubuyela kwimo yayo yoqobo. Bekuya kuba kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba kule meko tshintsho amandla lwangaphakathi ilingana zero. Kubonakala ukuba le mali ubushushu iya kulingana umsebenzi ogqibeleleyo. La malungiselelo kube lula ukuqulunqa umthetho wokuqala obizwa sele ezahlukeneyo.

Kule sinako ukuqonda ukuba indalo akanakuba umatshini isiphakamiso nanini uhlobo lokuqala. Oko kukuthi, isixhobo ezisebenza umsebenzi isixa-mali esikhudlwana kuthelekiswa amandla ezivela ngaphandle. Kulo mzekelo, inyathelo kufuneka ngamathuba athile.

Umthetho yokuqala obizwa ngokuba izoprotsessov

Cinga, ukuqalisa inkqubo isochoric. Phantsi kwakhe umthamo kuhlala rhoqo. Ngoko ke, utshintsho umthamo iya kuba zero. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi uya kuba zero. Thina ukususa eli candelo umthetho wokuqala obizwa, uze emva koko afumane ifomula DQ = eDunoon. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa inkqubo isochoric bonke ubushushu izakubekwa inkqubo, uya ekwandiseni amandla lwangaphakathi igesi, okanye imixube yalo.

Ngoku makhe sithethe yinkqubo isobaric. Lihlala njalo kuso. Kulo mzekelo, i-eneji lwangaphakathi iza kutshintsha kumsebenzi ikhomishini ngaxeshanye. Nantsi indlela original: DQ = du + pdV. Sinako lula ukubala ukwenza umsebenzi. Kuya kuba elilingana ur ibinzana (T ₂ -t _1). Hi ndlela leyi, oku intsingiselo ebonakalayo kwezi rhoqo igesi yendalo iphela. Phambi omnye adla igesi kunye umahluko ubushushu, icandelo elinye Kelvin, njalo irhasi jikelele ilingana umsebenzi owenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo isobaric.