Billionaire American Howard Hughes engobomi, imifanekiso eshukumayo, iifoto

Howard Robard Hyuz, Omnci (12/24/1905 - 05/04/1976) - American pilot, usomashishini kunye umvelisi, eyona nto idume ngayo nehlazo ukuba ngundaba, kwakunye nendlela wasebenzisa ubutyebi bakhe.

curriculum vitae

Govard Hyuz wazalwa e Houston, Texas, unyana ka injineli zemigodi Howard Robard Hughes Omkhulu kunye Allen Gano. Lo mfana wayeneminyaka emithathu ubudala xa uyise liphuhlise bit ethe yaguqula kunokwembiwa amaqula yeoli kwaye kuzise inzuzo enkulu kwinkampani yakhe. Nangona abazali bakhe abantu nobudlelwano wempangelo, Govard ros cwaka introspective, ebonisa umdla encinane esikolweni, ngaphandle loluthando zemathematika kunye nokukwazi ukwenza amanqaku ukusuka ucingo ngeentsimbi ezindala. Ngamandla incamathele unina wakhe, waba waloyika kayise. Wonke umntu wahlangana naye kwiminyaka kamva, wathi Govard Hyuz (ifoto ethathiweyo kamva kweli nqaku) zange ingqalelo alingane kuwo.

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-elinesine engeniswa kwi-School Fessenden e West Newton, Massachusetts. Ekhaya ngexesha leholide, unina akazange avumele ukuba ukukhwela isithuthuthu, sigqibe ukuba akukhuselekanga. Emva koko wajika ibhayisekile yakhe yaba moped, esebenzisa inxalenye ukuziqalela emotweni kunye ibhetri. Ngesinye isihlandlo, xa wathembisa uyise lowo uya kumnika into ayifunayo, Hughes wakhetha uhambo kwi isikhephe ephaphazelayo. Ngoko Wasisusa ubuhle eyama leyo kungekudala waba phithi.

Le usozimali young

Isixhobo sokugrumba Hughes waba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso loshishino oyile American. Ukuchitha ixesha ngakumbi nangakumbi e-California, ngoSeptemba 1921, abazali Howard ukuba amthumele School Thacher e Ohae, malunga 112 km kumntla-ntshona eLos Angeles. Umalume wakhe Rupert Hyuz waba ngumbhali ephambili Hollywood, yaye ngalo usapho baqhelana ngeengcamba ngaphezulu ekuhlaleni. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1922 unina Howard wabhubha emva kotyando. Uyise nonyana wabuyela Houston, apho ngo-1924, Hughes Omkhulu wabulawa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo ngexesha intlanganiso mbutho ukuthengisa.

Govard Hyuz, ogama engobomi sonakala kukuphulukana yabazali kwincopho yobomi babo, waqalisa ukuqaqanjelwa hypochondria, ukoyika ukufa kunye amagciwane abangaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo. Emva koko wagqiba ukunikela izifundo zakhe kwi-Institute of Rice eHouston kwaye wenze ishishini. Ukuba ilifa 75% emhandzini kwinkampani sikayise, wathenga i-25%, nto leyo zasasazwa phakathi kwezihlobo. Oku kufuna ixesha elide kunye nenkqubo nzima kwavusa eninzi amanyundululu, Noko ke, leyo, bambalwa kakhulu yayimkhathaza Howard. Hughes wathi ukuze uthathe umyalo, kufuneka ube nzima abantu. Ukusuka kwesi sikhundla akazange aphambuke.

Govard Hyuz kunye nabafazi bakhe

Usomashishini Young akazange ayithande kwicala lolawulo yeshishini lakhe, waza waqesha abantu wayesazi ukuba makenze ntoni, phantse ngaphandle inxaxheba yakhe. isigqibo sakhe saphumelela, yaye inkampani nempumelelo, ukuvumela Hughes ukuze ube nexesha elingakumbi free. Kungekudala waba nomdla kwi Houston umhlali Elloy miseve, apho satshata ngo-1925. Bahlala e Los Angeles, apho wagqiba kwelokuba abe imovie umvelisi Howard.

Hughes wayeyindoda engeluncedo lwanto ukunika ingcebiso. Wakwenza nantoni na ayifunayo. kuqala umboniso wakhe, aludumbanga Hogan, kwaba kubi kangangokuba akazange wakhululwa, kodwa yesibini, Wonke umntu nto oBambeleyo ( «yonke umdlalo," 1926), waba yimpumelelo, njengoko Knights ezimbini Arabia ( «ezimbini Arab Knight", 1927 g), uyalele yi Lewis Imbalasane William Boyd kwindima isihloko. iribhoni zokugqibela Imbalasane "Oscar" for best comedy kumlawuli. Le iifilim zilandelayo Hughes, ukusukelwa Call kunye emsindweni (zombini ka-1928), abaye baphumelela ngokwaneleyo abakhuthaze ukuba ukurhoxisa iziganeko ngenqwelomoya ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I, "Iingelosi lesihogo", yokudubula eyathatha iminyaka emibini enesiqingatha. Howard kwakugcwele ngesisa ngemali, ukuthenga ezabe yokuqesha nabaqhubi, phantse ngokwalo ungumnikazi amandla womoya elincinane San Fernando Valley. Ibhajethi picture ifikelele $ 4 million - imali esikhawulezileyo ngaloo mihla, yaye Hughes wathabatha izihlandlo 300 ngaphezu kwaba kuyimfuneko. Ukhululwe ngehlobo lowe-1930 ngexesha ukuxinezeleka wesizwe, ifilimu ofunyenweyo kakuhle, kodwa kwathabatha ixesha elide ukuhlawula iindleko.

Iindleko ziquka umtshato kunye Howard. Hughes nahlukana Elloy miseve - labuyela Houston, besithi akunakwenzeka ukuba ukutshata umntu phithi umsebenzi wakhe yaye kunqabile ekhaya. Emva kwale umlimi wamthanda actress Billi Dav, ubani obekade ezimbini ifilimu yakhe elandelayo The Age of Love ( «Age of Love") kunye Cock zezulu. Beza ngo-1931, kodwa abaphumelelanga, njengoko nokulalana iHobe, nto leyo yaba yeyokuqala kumgca elide oliqhophololo zakhe abadlali. Govard Hyuz and Ava Gardner, yena, kunye Rita Hayworth, Dzhindzher Rodzhers, Lana Turner, Ida Lupino, Bett Deyvis, waseSid Charris - ke bonke kwenye abathandi ngexesha.

Kumila le nkampani

Hyuz Govard Aircraft of the World lokuqala uye wabonisa kwakhona kwi film "ziidemon yeZulu" (1931), apho indima engundoqo edlalwa yi Spenser Treysi, kodwa umboniso ayiphumelelanga ukuphinda izityholo, "Iingelosi lesihogo". izinto ngcono malini kwi Front Page (1931) kunye Scarface (1932), apho ingqalelo i mini-Classic.

Hughes wathi tape yakhe esilandelayo iya kuba phezu airships, kodwa ulawulo yenkampani Hughes Tool wamelana ukuchitha imali kwenye enkulukazi. Yabagqala amacebiso abo, ewe nangaphezu kokuba kulindelwe. Govard Hyuz ifilimu hayi waqala nje ukuba kude, wada wala ishishini film. Ngo-1933 waseka e Glendale, California, Hughes Aircraft. kweminyaka esithoba kamva, yena kwenye indawo e Culver City, apho yena wakhulela enye iinkampani ezininzi inzuzo ekuveliseni moya ehlabathini.

air ACE

Govard Hyuz - umqhubi ngo-1934, waphumelela ibhaso kwi kukhuphiswano umoya All-American e Miami, nokuqalisa ukufaka "iBoeing" bathenga ukusuka kwi US Army kwaye kuyasetyenzwa kwakhona kwi-moya racing. NgoSeptemba 1935, wabeka irekhodi isantya entsha imoto, awathi yena, yaye ngoJanyuwari kunyaka ozayo, umise irekhodi entsha ngesantya transcontinental, moya eLos Angeles ukuya Newark, New Jersey, ngokuba 9 h. 12 imiz. wenza umoya wakhe adventure kuye inani ethandwa zipapashwa kwi yomoya, ingakumbi 1938, xa iguqulelwe injini-ezimbini "Lockheed-14" kunye liqembu abantu abane ke ozibiyele ihlabathi kwiintsuku ezi-3 12 h. 28 imiz. NgoMeyi 1939, inkampani, leyo kamva waziwa ngokuba Trans World Airlines, waba impahla Howard. Hughes kunye Kwathi ngomhla yokurhweba Aviation zorhwebo, kwaye ekwindla ka nyaka waqala ukuba bayile iindidi ezintsha ezontathu xa kuthe inxaxheba United States emfazweni.

Icala lokubulala

Juni 11, 1936 Hughes eqhuba kwi Wilshire Boulevard inkqonkqoze phantsi ngeenyawo ukufa igama Gabriel Meyer. Wabanjwa icala lokubulala. Nangona isibakala sokuba ukuqhuba yakhe ngokungakhathali, waphula umthetho, Hughes wakhululwa ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Govard Hyuz: Imfihlelo Life" (2004), Charlz Hayem uthi ngaloo mihla, le abatshutshisi ezithili ukuba baze bathengiswe, kwaye umnini-mali eyaneleyo unako ukuhlawula off phantse nantoni na.

"Wokuvala"

Ngowe-1940 Hughes waseka enye inkampani. Azisa ukuba uza kwenza film Billy Quidet obonisa abadlali engaziwayo njengokuba uBilly kunye nentombi yakhe. Kwimeko yokugqibela, wakhetha elinethoba Dzheyn Rassel, ngokucacileyo, ngenxa umhlola yayo aphuhliswe kakuhle. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umfanekiso The ngokusemthethweni ( «wokuvala", 1943) yathotyelwa iSABC, leyo, wayifulela ngokubanzi kumajelo eendaba. Hughes ngokobuqu inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekwalathiseni. Emva kokuvalwa zokuqala nokuboniswa umfanekiso, ekugqibeleni wafumana imvume yokuqesha, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni alinde iminyaka emibini ukuya ukwazi uluntu nangakumbi. Walibiza aweve embi umboniso, The wokuvala ukanti wenza izigidi for Howard.

Hughes ngethuba lokudubula umfanekiso kwakufuneka ukuba yenziwe. Ngowe-1943, waba imikhosi kunye shipbuilder uHenry Kaiser waba ngokwemvumelwano karhulumente yokwakha izikhephe ezintathu etshisayo enkulu. Kodwa wakha elinye kuphela - lo moya odumileyo "uMofokeng" Howard Hughes. EsinguMyalelo weNkundla izikhephe flying irhoxisiwe xa kucaca ukuba nako mayigqitywe kwangethuba ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa emfazweni. Ezinye izivumelwano kuba moya nazo irhoxisiwe.

indiza

Soloko engaqhelekanga yo zabo nokuziphatha, lo tycoon kuye kwayinto ome ngakumbi. Kunjalo, Govard Hyuz, ogama biography lizele ziingozi, waba zakwazi ukuze bahlale bephila. NgoJulayi 7, 1946 ngexesha uvavanyo moya kwinjini zakhe XF-11 Wakhanyela. Le kwendiza, uqhuma watshisa. Pilot yenyuselwa evela kwitekisi kunye amabele unokukhawuleza, ophuke akazange ukukhanya. Oogqirha akaboni ukuba uza kuphila. Noko ke, ngexesha ngenyanga magnate wabuyisa yaye kungekudala waqalisa ukubhabha kwakhona. Bambalwa wayesazi ukuba Howard Hughes isifo sakhe 'iphathwa "codeine.

Movie ezithwala

Nangona intlungu iingxaki Aviation Corporation, Hughes wajika wabuyela kwishishini iifilimu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yenzuzo kunye nodumo yayisenza efilimini wokuvala. Ke utyikitye izivumelwano kunye namanani amabini ezaziwayo-kakuhle Hollywood, Harold Lloyd kunye Preston Sturges, ukuze ke kudutyulwe comedy Mad ngoLwesithathu ( «Crazy Wednesday", 1947), kodwa ke kulindeleke ukuba afe. ngoko Hughes wathabatha wakhe amthandayo - Feyt Domerg oneminyaka eli-22 ubudala - Starring a Idrama lokuziphindezela ( «ayilwa", 1948). Govard Hyuz umboniso, oku, ngelishwa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba babeke phezu kwithala, njengokuba naye wabona kubi kanjani lo mfanekiso.

Ngokunxuseneyo lokudubula, kwakufuneka nezinye izinto ukwenza, enye yazo umnqweno wakhe ukubuyisela i XF-11, kwaye ukuba ubungqina airworthiness wayo, yaye wenza Aprili 5, 1947 Emva kweenyanga ezine, awazingqinayo Military loPhando Committee weNdlu yeeNgwevu umsebenzi wakhe wokuba Umakhi ukuziphendulela. Hughes wenza iintshaba ezininzi ngexesha lemfazwe, ngaphezu koko, ukuba akubanga yimpumelelo njengoba kulindelwe. Hughes Aircraft Company awukabi ingxilimbela, njengoko wayecebe - yenzeka kamva kwi Space Age. Kuku "uMofokeng" ngokoqobo umtyholwa airworthy, wakhanyela ukuba Hughes luphaphazela okwemizuzu embalwa phezu kwamanzi izibuko of Long Beach, Novemba 2, 1947.

Apho wenza million 40?

Ngowe-1945, intatheli, Westbrook Pegler wathi wayeyibonile dossier i FBI, leyo wathi Hughes wasebenzisa ubutyebi bakhe ukufumana ngokungekho izivumelwano karhulumente. Kunyaka olandelayo, Owen Brewster, uSihlalo we Military loPhando Committee weNdlu yeeNgwevu, wathi wayekhathazeke kakhulu ukuba urhulumente akunike Howard $ 40 yezigidi uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa iinqwelomoya ezimbini akuzange zenziwe. Waphawula ukuba uMongameli Franklin D. Roosevelt, nxamnye izimvo ziingcali wakhe wamajoni wanika Hughes izivumelwano ukuveliswa F-11 kunye NK-1 (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "uMofokeng").

Brewster wathi Hughes lenze amalungiselelo amaqela ukuba amagosa karhulumente, ngubani wayezimisele ukuphembelela izigqibo zabo elizayo. Howard starlet wahlawula $ 200 ukuba bathatha inxaxheba kuzo. Umsebenzi wabo ezidada bequbha kwi echibini Hughes. Dzhulius How, intloko ibhunga yemveliso yasemkhosini, waba ngomnye wabo njalo ezi amaqela. Omnye States, naye lundwendwe rhoqo endlwini ka Howard, wathi: "Ukuba oko kuyinyaniso ukuba zahlawulwa $ 200, bona ebhatalwa kancinci kakhulu."

Hughes amacala enkohlakalo avuza ulwazi iintatheli Dryu Pirsonu no Jack Anderson ukuba uThami Brewster wafumana imali evela kwinkampani Pan American Airways (Pan Ngaba), ukuba ndiyilahle kuye. Ngokutsho Howard, Pan Ngaba wayezama ukweyisela urhulumente US ukudala ububange yehlabathi zoburhulumente phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Inxalenye yesi sicwangciso yaba ukunyanzela bonke abathwali US ekhoyo kunye kwemisebenzi phesheya, close okanye idibane Pan Am. Njengokuba umnini Trans World Airlines, Hughes i ingxaki enkulu sicwangciso. Ngu Howard wathi Brewster waya naye isindululo idibane Trans World Pan Am. Xa wala, usihlalo wekomiti yaqalisa iphulo smear nxamnye naye.

Dryu Pirson and Dzhek Anderson bakholwa Hughes yaye yasungula iphulo zabo nxamnye Owen Brewster. Bathi Pan Am usihlalo wekomiti enikiweyo moya simahla Houben Sound, Florida, apho ukonwatyiswa kwikhaya holiday ka uSekela Mongameli wePan Am Sam Pryor. Ezi zityholo kuphindwa yi Hughes xa wabonakala phambi emkhosini uphando ikomiti Yeengwevu. Kwakhona bathi Brewster uzama kuyena kuye ngenjongo naziphi Trans World Pan Am. USihlalo weKomiti wakhanyela izityholo, kodwa wamnceda ezisusa ingqalelo umba ukusebenzisa kwizigidi ezingama-40 zeerandi kuzo imali yoluntu.

Military uphando ikomiti yaseburhulumenteni eMerika akazange waqukumbela ingxelo yakhe solidarity F-11 kunye HK-1. IKomiti yavalwa iintlanganiso zayo yaye ekugqibeleni lichithakale.

Ukuthenga nokuthengisa RKO studio

Ukuba likhoboka lento ethile disorder - oko ubuhlungu Govard Hyuz - abazange bamvumele ukuba ukwamkela kwakhe. Ngowe-1948, waza wathenga Hollywood studio RKO. Hughes owned waza wasebenza kuyo iminyaka emihlanu, ngoxa kwi-ofisi yakhe kwi-Goldwyn studio, kanye kuphela watyelela ummandla RKO. Bambalwa aye kule minyaka, kuba inzuzo, nabo bonke abavelisi, abalawuli kunye screenwriters RKO bakhalaza ukuba baye bakwazi ukudibana Hughes ukuxoxa iingxaki zabo. Ekugqibeleni, le yokugqibela wathi kwakufuneka RKO ngokunjalo, isibetho, kwaye studio Abathengiswa $ 25 million, apho, emva kokuba ityala lokuhlawula-zabelo kunye namagqwetha uye washiya $ 6 million like.

Kwisiseko Institute of Medicine

izilangazelelo Howard kwamanye amaziko, ingakumbi eyama, kule minyaka ziye ubunini RKO banda kuphela, yaye ubutyebi bakhe Kuqikelelwa ngezigidi. Yaba ngeli xesha waseka Howard Hughes Medical Institute eFlorida, leyo yimbonakaliso inkxalabo yakhe malunga iintsholongwane kunye nezifo. Wathembisa ukuba ukwabela okumisela kakhulu ubutyebi bakhe omnye egameni lakhe wenze into elungileyo. Soloko uwedwa, waba reclusive ngakumbi kwaye ekugqibeleni wayeka ukunxibelelana konke kodwa ulawulo ishishini. Ngowe-1957, watshata actress Dzhin Peters, kodwa umtshato waba engaqhelekanga, njengokuba namaqabane kunqabile bahlala kunye. Ukuba umtshato ngo-1971.

Howard Hughes biography. Isifo kunye neminyaka edlulileyo

Enoba ukwehluleka emtshatweni okanye kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim, impumelelo Hughes kulwakhiwo jet kunye zomkhosi moya wavuka. Kodwa uxinezeleko zonke ezi zenzo kuba nefuthe elibi empilweni yakhe, yaye ngowe-1958, Howard waba engqondweni.

Ngowe-1965, i-Atomic Energy Commission imemezele ukuba oko kwakuya ukuqalisa uvavanyo ombane Pahute Mesa, kwiikhilomitha nje 150 ukusuka kwikhaya Howard Hughes. Yena wanxibelelana Richard Nixon, kodwa wala ukuba bathethe ngokuphandle ngokuchasene kwezi mvavanyo. Ngexesha wase-1968 iphulo kamongameli Robert Hughes wadibana Mayo Hubert Humphrey e Denver. Mayo waxelela uHumphrey ukuba Hughes ukulungele yokumhlawula 100 amawaka. Dollars ukuba uza kwenza into nezi mvavanyo zenyukliya. UHumphrey wathembisa ukuba xa uthe wonyulwa, iya angatyumba ikhomishini yenzululwazi ukufunda ifuthe radiation.

Ngokutsho umbhali wencwadi ethi "Govard Hyuz: Imfihlelo Life", Hughes bakuvuyela yaye ngedinga Committee amawaka 300 eerandi .. Kodwa Hughes woyika ukuba bby Kennedy wayeza kuphumelela uHumphrey, mbeko ubukhazikhazi, charisma kunye igama welinye iqela lakhe. NgoJuni 4, 1968 , uRobert Kennedy bulawa. Hughes ikhathazekile ukuba Edward Kennedy uya endaweni umzalwana wakhe, waza ke ngoko sagqiba ekubeni ukunyoba Larry O'Brien, intloko kwephulo Kennedy. Robert Mayo O'Brien wadibana e Las Vegas, ngoJulayi 4, 1968 Ngenxa yale ntlanganiso kwavunyelwana ukuba Hughes uza kuhlawula O'Brien $ 15,000 ngenyanga nganye.

E Hughes na impixano rhoqo kunye norhulumente phezu irhafu, ekugqibeleni, wamshiya California yaye wafudukela Nevada. Ngowe-1967, Wathenga Desert Inn e Las Vegas ukuyenza ikhaya labo kunye nekomkhulu ezinkampani Nevada. Ngowe-1966, wathengisa i TWA for million 566 zeerandi. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, Hughes wathenga Air West.

Ukuze siphephe ukuhlawula irhafu, ngoNovemba 1970 Hughes wafudukela hotel Britannia Beach Hotel, ibekwe kwi Bahamas eParadesi. Emva koko akazange wabuyela eUnited States. Iminyaka emithandathu yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ukuba isusiwe kwenye Ihotele eNtofontofo kwenye.

Ukufa ku flight

Hughes waba yodwa, aphila emva amakhethini ezivaliweyo. Wafudukela Managua (Nicaragua), ngoko - e Vancouver, eLondon, Freeport eBahamas, yaye ekugqibeleni, e Acapulco (Mexico). Ngowe-1972 wathengisa inkampani Hughes Isixhobo for $ 150 million. -Asethi Summa of corporation yakhe, ulawula yonke yeshishini wayo, ziye kuqikelelwa kwi $ 2 billion. Nangona ubutyebi bakhe, loo Billionaire yaba uhlobo lomntu abangamahlwempu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Govard Hyuz akazange yokunyanga isigulo sakhe yaye akazange nokutya ngokufanelekileyo. Yena ndiyimfe: ngexesha ukufa ubunzima kwakhe-42 kuphela kg. Hughes akazange avumele abancedisi yakhe ukuze anyamekele ngokwam, ndide ekugqibeleni andabikho zingqondweni. Bazama ukuba bafudukele Houston, kodwa ngexesha lo moya mihlaba, wayesele efile. Govard Hyuz wafa ibhabha, kulungile kuye; kuba kuphela emoyeni, awayevakalelwa ngayo ekhaya. usozimali engenabantwana bayishiya ihlabathi lakhe kunye negama ukuba uye waba ilivo.

A film Howard Hughes, "The Aviator" ifumene amawonga aphezulu kumsitho we "Golden Globe" in Hollywood. Ukongeza, ipateni sinikwe "Oscars" ibhaso Screen inkuthazo ngabasemagunyeni amabhaso ezintlanu Guild kwaye British Academy ezine Film and Television Arts. Govard Hyuz (DiCaprio) kubonisiwe kwixesha yobomi bakhe ngasekupheleni 1920 ukuya ekupheleni kuka 1940.