Ngubani wafumanisa le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa radioactivity yaye kwenzeka njani?

Eli nqaku ibalisa eyafumana isenzeko ye imisebe, xa kwenzeka naphantsi kwaziphi na iimeko.

yemisebe

Ihlabathi mihla le industry akunakwenzeka ukuba babe nako ukwenza ngaphandle amandla enyukliya. zamandla zenyukliya wondla yobulungu, inika umbane emizini yonke, kunye nemithombo yamandla ezizodwa ngokusekelwe ukubola radioactive, bakhwela phezu kanti robhothi ukuba ukuhlola ezinye iiplanethi.

Imisebe lwafumaneka kwinkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Noko ke, njengezinye ezifunyaniswe ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi. Kodwa ngubani phakathi izazinzulu kuqala wafumanisa le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa radioactivity yaye kwenzeka njani? Oku koko siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

lokufumanisa

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isiganeko inzululwazi kwenzeka ngo-1896 waza wenza Becquerel kwakhe ukufunda uxhulumaniso eli chweba kunye 'Ncwadi ekuthiwa-X-ray.

Ngokutsho memoirs ka Becquerel, wafumana ingcamango yokuba mhlawumbi nayiphi chweba kwakhona kukhatshwa X-ray? Ukuze uqinisekise guess yakhe, wasebenzisa iikhompawundi eziliqela imichiza, kuquka enye neetyuwa ze uranium, leyo uba ebumnyameni. Ngaphezu koko, ephethe elangeni, ISAZINZULU wajika ityuwa kwi iphepha emnyama wayifaka enqatheni kwigunjana epleyitini yokuthathwa, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, iye nayo wenziwa wangumqulu oyincwadi ejolise kwi ngumsongi ngaphaya kwawo. Kamva, ebonisa Becquerel yakhe ingena endaweni ekuvezeni oluchanileyo intwana yetyuwa. Kodwa ekubeni le chweba kwephepha akakwazanga ukumelana, oko kuthetha ukuba lakhanya ipleyiti X-ray engcolisayo. Ngoko ke ngoku siyazi ukuba ngubani kuqala wafumanisa le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa yemisebe. Nangona kunjalo, i-nzulu akazange kodwa ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo oko bebone. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Intlanganiso ye-Academy of Sciences

Kwangaloo nyaka, kwintlanganiso ye-Academy of Sciences ka Paris, Becquerel wenza ingxelo "Kwi kwimitha eziveliswa phosphorescence." Kodwa emva kokuba ngoxa ingcamango yakhe Esikufumeneyo esiye kwafuneka ukuba benze uhlengahlengiso. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni omnye iimvavanyo, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba imozulu elungileyo libalele, ISAZINZULU obekwe kwi epleyitini yokuthathwa uranium compound ukuba akukho okufakwe ukukhanya. Noko ke, ingxelo nangoku kubonakala ngokucacileyo kubume bayo.

Ngomhla Matshi nyaka Becquerel thaca kwintlanganiso ye-Academy of Sciences umsebenzi omtsha, ingxelo kwimitha ekhutshwa ngamaqumrhu phosphorescent. Ngoku siyazi ukuba yeyiphi kwafunyaniswa ngosoonzululwazi isenzeko of yemisebe.

olunye ucwaningo

Ukulandela ezinye izifundo isenzeko ye imisebe, Becquerel wazama izinto ezininzi, kuquka uranium metal. Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha kwi kwipleyiti sihlale imikhondo. Kwaye ngokubeka phakathi umthombo radiation nesitsha umnqamlezo yesinyithi, ISAZINZULU efunyenwe njengokuba besinokutsho namhlanje, wakhe X-ray. Ngoko siye saxubusha umbuzo eyafumana isenzeko of yemisebe.

Oko xa kwacaca ukuba Becquerel zafumana uhlobo entsha ngokupheleleyo reyi ezingabonakaliyo nga ukuba kudlula nayiphi na into, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, baba na X-ray.

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukwanda radiation kuxhomekeke kubungakanani uranium kumalungiselelo weekhemikhali, kungekhona ziintlobo zabo. It Becquerel wabelana impumelelo yakhe zenzululwazi kunye mbono kunye amaqabane abo, Pierre and Mariey Kyuri, owathi kamva ngulozinzisa yemisebe ezintweni thorium, lakhame element ezimbini ezintsha kraca, kamva igama ಪೇನ್ ipheyini kunye Radium. Kwaye xa ehlola ingxaki "eyafumana le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa imisebe," badla abaninzi Mnikeni iphutha le merit Curies.

Impembelelo eziphilayo

Xa Kwazeka ukuba kwimitha radioactive ezintweni zonke iikhompawundi ze uranium, Becquerel ebegqwese babuyela isifundo phosphor. Kodwa ke ukwenza enye ukufunyanwa ebalulekileyo - isiphumo reyi radioactive kwi eziphilayo eziphilayo. Ngoko Becquerel akazange kuphela kuqala eyafumana isenzeko ye imisebe, kodwa abo yasekwa impembelelo yayo phezu izidalwa eziphilayo.

Kuba omnye iintetho waboleka into radioactive kwi Curies waza wayibeka epokothweni yakhe. Emva kokuba ufundise, babuyela kubanini bayo, ISAZINZULU waphawula kwaqapheleka ngamandla eluswini, abawabelwayo uhlobo kwimibhobho. Pierre Curie ukuva lwesimo bagqiba ukuba zizame - iiyure ezilishumi awayeyinxiba ebotshelelwe ityhubhu ingalo equlethe Radium. Ke kaloku, ekupheleni ndifumana isilonda olomeleleyo nto aphilise iinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ngoko siye saxubusha umbuzo wokuba ngubani phakathi kwafunyaniswa ngosoonzululwazi le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ubuthi kuqala. Oku yindlela impembelelo radioactivity iye yafunyanwa kwi eziphilayo eziphilayo. Kodwa nangona oku, lo Curies, ngasendleleni, baqhubeka ukuba nenxaxheba ekufundeni radioactive materials, kwaye uMariya Kyuri wabulawa isifo imisebe. izinto zakhe nangoku igcinwe kwivenkile ekhethekileyo ayitshi kuba ithamo radiation eziyintlanganisela kuzo phantse elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo nangoku kuyingozi kakhulu.