Biography of Thomas Mann, olunomdla zobomi

Igama "Mann" waziwa kakuhle ngezangqa boncwadi. Lo mkhaya Henry - umbhali, umbhali; Eric, noKlaus, kunye Golo - ababhali; Ekugqibeleni, oyiphumeleleyo amabhaso ezifana Nobel kunye Antonio Feltrinelli - UThomas.

Mann Tomas, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ngobambana kwi ncam yaye eziphikisanayo, kwaye ziya kuba phantsi ngokutsha.

inoveli Mfundisi amaqhawe

Umbhali German libhekisela usapho ibalulekileyo zoncwadi. Noko ke, kukholelwa ukuba edumileyo mibala kwaye ngummeli wakhe Thomas Mann.

ngobomi bakhe ibonisa ukuba ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-16 ukuba ubomi kakhulu akakhathazeki. Wazalwa kwintsapho osisityebi of iLübeck. Noko ke, emva kokufa ngo-1891 njengentloko yentsapho - uJohann Genriha Manna, City Senator - umfazi wakhe nabantwana abaninzi kwafuneka ukuba aphile phezu umdla evela kwintengiso lamashishini iintsapho namakhaya.

Sinako ukucinga ukuba ngobomi uThomas Mann itshintshile emva iziganeko ezibuhlungu.

Indlu ezithengiswayo iLübeck, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela yokuhlala isigxina Munich, apho uThomas waqala ukusebenzela inkampani yeinshorensi ubone ikamva labo entsimini lobuntatheli. Ukukhetha indlela creative icacisa ukuba likhoboka umzalwana Henry, nabasele ngelo xesha ngumbhali.

UThomas Mann: indlela ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya emkhosini

Nakuba kunjalo, siye baleka kude kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ubonakale ebomini, yintoni luni na indoda leyo uThomas Mann. Imihla eziphambili ngobomi bakhe kuya kusinceda kule mbono.

Juni 6, 1875 ukuya kwintsapho abazizityebi Ioganna Manna, womrhwebi okuziinkozo kunye nentloko inkampani eenqanawa, no Julia Mann, nee da Silva-Bruhns, nyana. UMama uThomas Mann waba musically ummeli unesiphiwo ka isiCreole, usapho waseBrazil isiPhuthukezi. Yaba yena abayinyamekelayo ekuchubekeni elizayo bonke abazalwana noodade bakhe.

Ngowe-1891, uyise wafa. Ngokuvumelana nokuthanda kwakhe, wathengiswa isiseko esiluqilima kwaye indlu. yonke intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Munich, apho uThomas waphumelela i-Higher Technical School.

Amava lokuqala lokuphambukela yaqhutywa 1896. Thomas kunye umzalwana wakhe uHenry waya Italy kunye. Emva kokuba tour, uThomas Mann waba ngumhleli we phephancwadi "Simplicissimus".

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngowe-1899, uThomas Mann engobomi natyetyiswa emkhosini. ixesha inkonzo kuye kwasekwa yaye ziyaqiniswa imbonakalo zombhali. Uye wadala ekhumbulekayo ngenxa yomsebenzi inoveli yakhe "Buddenbrooks".

UThomas Mann: indlela komtshato phambi yeHlabathi yokuQala

Xa ndandineminyaka engama-30 kwakukho isiganeko ebonakalayo ukuba ushiye uphawu yayo yonke ubomi zombhali. Biography yebali Thomas Mann yaba ngoku akukho mntu mnye, kodwa umanyano emibini.

Ngowe-1905 yena nesivumelwano ngeqhina lomtshato kunye Katey Prinsgeym. Intombi le unjingalwazi Munich waba liqabane othembekileyo umbhali ukuya ekupheleni kwemihla yakhe. Ukusuka ubuhlobo babo kwazalwa oonyana abathandathu, abathathu kubo baya ekhondweni likayise wakhe ngokuba ababhali, amadoda iileta.

Kungekudala emva kokutshata umbhali waqalisa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, nto leyo umbhali kuqala ukuba eshushu, kodwa kungekudala ndaqonda ukuba isiphoso iingcamango zezopolitiko. Mann akuchasa inguqu kwezentlalo pacifism. umahluko zezopolitiko ziye zakhokelela iiyantlukwano entsatsheni: Thomas Mann yaba iqela ezizinzululwazi umzalwana wakhe omdala. Kodwa ke, ukutshintsha ngengcamango, UThomas wabona imfuneko utshintsho lwentando yesininzi, uze ibalelane Henry.

Ukufunwa kwilizwe lakhe kunye nobumi. UThomas Mann: A Biography

German kwiinda zwilakhe izenzo akazange afumane indawo yokusabela yakhe. Kwaye ngoko ke move kwenzeka ngo-1933 e-Küsnacht - kwidolophu Swiss - kunye nentsapho yakhe. Eli nyathelo sihlelwe ngokwakhe Thomas Mann.

Biography iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ubuhlanga bakhe ukuba States ezithile ugcina nangoku. Kubonakala ukuba emva 1936 umbhali lobumi yakhe German, waba ngummi yeCzechoslovakia. Kodwa kungekudala, ngowe-1938, uThomas Mann wafudukela US, apho ngo-1944 waba ngummi state kakade. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba, emva kokuba iJamani ekuqaleni amanyathelo olawulo zwilakhe (ngowe-1933) nto, kukuba kwi "Hitler 'eli lizwe engasekho wabuya.

Ukususela phesheya, umbhali uqalisa kwindlela yokucinga yangaphambili abakhaya German Ukwehluleka Fascism, ukuba ilizwi radio anti-zwilakhe.

amazwi Anti-zwilakhe Thomas Mann wakhuthaza emva kwemfazwe. I inoveli "Gqirha Faustus", nto leyo wakhululwa ngowe-1947, yaba usisithunzi uluvo lobuqu umbhali yamaNazi. AmaNazi - into leyo eye yakhula hayi ngokuqhutywa ngumdla kwaye hayi ngengozi, linyathelo ubhalo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba yeyiphi imbali German kakhulu ixesha.

Thomas Mann (biography elifutshane iye yachazwa apha ngasentla) lema yakhe kwidolophu ezolileyo Swiss Kilhberhe. Apha ngo-1952 wafudukela ukuba yokuhlala isigxina. Apha, inoveli yakhe yokugqibela kwathiwa - "The Adventures of Feliksa Krulya wamazwe".

Kuyabonakala ukuba ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya amanqaku lokudala lokugqibela Thomas Mann kwakunjalo ku- "Mna" lakhe. I "Adventure" ichaza ubomi yendoda owayesebenza indlela yakhe eya phezulu leri omsebenzi, esebenzisa imiyalelo ezingazinzanga zehlabathi yongxowankulu.

Paul Thomas Mann, unyana wesibini ka-uJohann no Julia Mann, wafa ngoAgasti 12, 1955 kwi-mpuma we eSwitzerland e Zurich.

Ukuqala ngendlela enobuchule: inoveli "Buddenbrooks"

Amava sokushicilela lokuqala lisukela emva kwiminyaka yokufunda esikolweni aphezulu: Bulelani uTomas wabona ukukhanya kalindixesha zoncwadi kunye nomntwana-bulumko "Spring isiphango."

Ukuya Italy ngo-1896, kwakunye nefuthe umbhali. Amabali ezibhaliweyo ngexesha hambo, kuba wayethumele ukuba abavakalisi ekhaya. S. Fischer ecetywayo nokudalwa nengqokelela kubo. Wakhululwa ngowe-1898 phantsi kwegama "Little UMnu Friderman". Amanye amabali kulo zaye zabhalwa ngexesha lomsebenzi yomhleli satirical ngeveki "Simplicissimus".

Ngokuba unyaka ngumbhali emkhosini nangakumbi wamomeleza izimvo zalo kwimiba ukuba uphazamisekile kuye ixesha elide. Emva, koko ngo-1901 wapapasha inoveli "Buddenbrooks. Imbali ukufa kothile emzalwaneni. " Kukholelwa ukuba umsebenzi ibonakalisa imbali yosapho lwabazali ukusuka kwindawo umbono apho wabona wakhe, uThomas Mann. Biography kanye nomsebenzi edidekile, kunye, laba sisiqalo zenoveli ezintle, imiba ohlola usapho emxinwa ngokusebenzisa bemilo ucwangco ekuhlaleni.

inoveli Family malunga ukuze yoluntu

I inoveli "Buddenbrooks. Imbali ukufa kothile emzalwaneni "yaphakamisa imiba jikelele kunye nezentlalo ezichaphazela usapho eziqhelekileyo: izinto eziphathekayo kunye nobomi bokomoya, nokubola kunye ukonakala yethuba yehlabathi yongxowankulu. Kwakhona waphakamisa ingxaki le ndawo umdali eluntwini kunye nobomi: Intshabalalo kwi ubukho engasese, uhamba kunye uxanduva analo kwibutho ulilahle.

Xa inoveli, umbhali ubonakala uyaphika kwemimiselo yehlabathi yongxowankulu. Ebuhlungu kuye nenkcubeko abasaphuhlayo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, wayichasa burgher. Ukuwa, bahlala ihlabathi burgher kanye olufudumeleyo Mann kwathetha ekuweni lonke inkcubeko.

UThomas Mann ibonisa ukuba nyaka ngamnye izizukulwana ezine ntsapho iphelelwa ubutyebi ezibonakalayo kuphela, kodwa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Kukholelwa ukuba njenge Buddenbrooks Inkcazelo kawonke ngokungafaniyo njengomzobi. Oku kuyinyaniso, kunjalo, yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba Thomas Mann sikhetha yokugqibela. Nam kwabemi okanye wegcisa Mann ayenziwanga ehlonitshwa kakhulu.

ingqalelo Public: Nobel Prize

Recognition weza Thomas Mann ngoko nangoko. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iikopi ezili-100 kuphela "Buddenbrooks" romance ntsapho kwathengwa imveliso ngonyaka. Kodwa ke kwiminyaka engama-30 kamva, ngowe-1929, oko sibulela kuye ukuba umbhali ngonaphakade labhalwa igama lakhe kuluhlu lwe Nobel Prize abaphumeleleyo.

Kakade phakathi imisebenzi yakhe lokudla Thomas Mann wabizwa ngokuba yamandulo.

Emva kokuba ibhaso "Buddenbrooks" inoveli kwakhululwa kwesigidi iikopi.

Ukususela ngo-1933, lo ngobomi uThomas Mann yaba ngobomi komntu, nto leyo ilingana nababhali abaselula. Mann waya kwilizwe kwaye emandiyenze yi kuquka zicatshulwa kwimisebenzi yakhe.

UThomas Mann: engobomi, ubuchule - bonke buhlanganiswe kunye

indalo yesibini kwaphumelela umsebenzi Thomas Mann kaThixo "Tonio Kröger", epapashwe kule ncwadi "Tristan" (1903). Kuyo kwakhona wabonisa ukuphikisana yakhe kokugxojwagxojwa phakathi kwihlabathi ngobugcisa jikelele we yoohlohlesakhe.

Sinokuthi ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Mann zaye ezingenakwahlulwa. I inoveli "Buddenbrooks" wayengekho umsebenzi kuphela leyo eyayibonisa ubomi kunye ngokoluvo zombhali.

ukuze umdlalo "Florence", epapashwe ngo-1907. abalinganiswa bawo ukuthetha emlonyeni umbhali, nokuveza iimbono zakhe malunga Thomas yoohlohlesakhe mihla ehlabathini.

Umbono ofanayo zoluntu sizalwa inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe, kodwa esikufutshane naloo umdlalo kuyinto inoveli "Royal soBekekileyo." UThomas Mann wabhala wathi kuwo yena "eshumayela uluntu."

Noko ke, sijike, ngokutsho umbhali, ibe ethi 'The Magic Intaba ". Oku kudizwe ukungaboni ezizinzululwazi zehlabathi awayephila waza wasebenza Mann.

yomkhaya uthembekile noyise, fan uthando olufanayo-sex

Thomas Mann, ogama engobomi igcwele na ukuphikisana predilections kweyabo umdla hayi kuphela ilifa layo obugcisa, kodwa ozikhethayo ngokwesini.

The main bethana, kubonakala phezu uthando ngaphambili, - i idyll usapho angaphandle kunye nomkhwa uthando zobufanasini.

Wakhululwa emva kokufa kwakhe iidayari nembalelwano ezinikezelwa Thomas Mann in ukukhanya eyoyikisayo.

Kubo yabonisa ukuba umbhali odumileyo, lo kaNobel Nobel noyise nabantwana abathandathu, uPawulos Thomas uMann wayenomdla gqitha into eyindoda. Kwaye le nzala ayiphelelanga ulwazi enomgangatho ukuba ngexesha ubomi Mann Tomas ebonakala.

biography olufutshane umbhali uyasilela ukunika ulwazi, kwaye oku kwenza ukuba abaphandi ukuba isifundo eneenkcukacha lobomi bakhe.

Ngubani wayemthanda uThomas Mann?

Iimpawu zokuqala uthando engaqhelekanga ukuba amakhwenkwe wabonakala eselula. Elinesine-Thomas ayemzonda imvakalelo ezingabuyekezekiyo kwi neclassmate yakhe - Arnim Maarten.

imvakalelo engamthandi yesibini wazalwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Xa befunda eNgilani, uPawulos wathanda kunye nonyana ngumfundisi-physical education.

Kuphela inoveli ukuba, ngokutsho abaphandi, waba kude zikaPlato, - uqhagamshelwano kunye wegcisa Paul Ehrenberg. Yothando olo lwenu beluludala iminyaka emi-5 (ukususela 1899 ukuya 1904) Yaye wayeka emva umbhali ukungena emtshatweni ngokusemthethweni kunye Katey Prinsgeym.

Nakuba lo mkhuba, uThomas Mann walangazelela ukuba nosapho kunye nabantwana. Noko ke, nkqu uthando inamandla umfazi wakhe ayizange imthintele loya amadoda. Ukususela iidayari zombhali iyazazi ukuba zingamampunge iingcamango kumfanekiso komzimba madoda ayizange bangasalisi nto kuyo kude kube sekupheleni imihla yakhe.

Latest phisa kwakukhona uFranz Westermayer. Thomas Mann oneminyaka engama-75 ubudala ukulala bavuke kunye iingcinga umlungiseleli wohlobo. Kodwa zonke ziphelele nje iphupha.

Apha naphaya kwee-imisebenzi uThomas Mann

Imisebenzi evela lusiba lombhali, waqalisa ifilimu ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Inani naphaya ukususela 1923 ukuya kowama-2008, ngaphezu kwama 30. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngobomi uThomas Mann ngu ngomhla kunye nelifa yokuyila iqulethe enye kuphela imveliso enye, aguqulelwe eqongeni okanye ukwenza i movie - ukudlala "Florence". Ngendlela, ukuba akazange iyaqhutywa. Kodwa "Buddenbrooks" uye waba ngomnye kakhulu ethandwa ngokwemiqathango nolwamkelo imisebenzi wabhala uThomas Mann.