Putorana Reserve. Oovimba of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Ifunyanwa Putoransky State Nature Reserve kwimimandla emibini Taimyr Ukuzilawula yeSithili - Khatanga kunye Dudinka, kwaye ngokunjalo kwi Evenk ஜோடி isilungelelanisi, kummandla Ilim. Centre Reserve uthatha inkqubo intaba Putoransky epheleleyo. amazwe ekhuselweyo ukuba indawo lilonke malunga ne-1.8 million. Iihektare.

Le ndawo buffer iquka namhlanje 3 ndawo: Dyupkun chibi, idike kunye edikeni Dog Manumakli. Kwaye 2 esibhedlele ngeenjongo zophando: edikeni kunye edikeni Ayan Kutaramakan.

imbali reserve

Putorana Reserve (imephu ngasentla) kwabunjwa evela egciniweyo igama elifanayo kuphela ngo-1988, nangona into yokuba lo mbuzo yentlangano yakhe ingqalelo kwakhona ngo-1970. Ngowe-2001, kwakukho isiganeko esikhulu - myezo ukhethwe iwonga, elivumela ukuba abe phakathi omnye lelifa lemveli yendalo kunye lenkcubeko UNESCO yomhlaba.

Putoransky Reserve: imozulu

In Putoransky reserve kwemozulu yohlukile ubushushu kakhulu lizwekazi kunye namandla awo aphezulu. Eli nani empuma-100 ° C, yaye emntla - 86 ° C. ngosuku Polar sisaqhubeka iintsuku 74 (16 Meyi - 29 Julayi), kwaye ubusuku polar - iintsuku 56 (25 Novemba - 13 Januwari).

On Putoransky yethafa ngokucacileyo kakhulu ucando ebonakalayo ngokwezelizwe akunakuthethwa malunga neminye imimandla Russia. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yasethafeni kwakhiwa komhlaba yayo, zahluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo, nangona into yokuba le ndawo isakhiwo esifanayo zejoloji kunye morphological. Plateau ibekwe endaweni yonqumlo yeside kunye inkululeko kwiindawo zendalo. Kuba emazantsi uphawuleka nemozulu epholileyo kwaye Arctic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba sicatshulwa komda zezona iindidi ezimbini landscape ezinxulumene elikwisikhundla esiphezulu taxonomic.

imisebenzi yabantu

Putoransky inkqubo entabeni, ingakumbi xa sithetha ngayo iindawo esemazantsi, ezisemantla nasempuma, ezazisetyenziswa mandulo kakuhle kakhulu yabantu bemveli kummandla yokuqhutywa lokuloba, ezingela neenyamakazi ukulima umhlaba. zindlela ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo, zemveli zilungele Far North, ekucaca ukuba lonke ixesha ngendlela ethile malunga nezityalo nezilwanyana yasethafeni yentaba. ngokucacileyo kakhulu le mpembelelo anthropogenic sichaphazele utshintsho kwinani iintlobo basemngciphekweni kakhulu, ukuba kuqala libhekisela inani Putoransky iigusha bighorn.

Ifuthe elibi zezinto ezenziwa luluntu

In Putoransky Reserve umtsalane zasendle uhlobo Russia akuzange kube negalelo elikhulu zabantu, nto leyo ukuba ehlabathini jikelele zendalo ophilileyo wemka phantse lomelele. Kulo mmandla zezinto ezenziwa luluntu kuboniswa kuphela xa umsebenzi ukuloba abantu bomthonyama, ezingela neenyamakazi elusa.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba iimpembelelo kakhulu lehlile inani ziintlobo ezisoloko zikho ekuhlaleni - iigusha bighorn Putoransky, ngaphantsi kancinci abantu baba ixhama, adle zasendle, wolverines, weasels, sables, Iimpungutye zinemingxuma kweengcuka.

amashishini Industrial kule ngingqi kancinci. Phakathi kwabo, into ephambili, nto leyo ichaphazela uhlobo indawo yolondolozo ezingqonge kakubi, lo lezemigodi metallurgical entsonkothileyo ngobukhulu, elise Norilsk. Ayikho kude ukusuka kumda wasentshona Putorana Reserve, nama-150-200 eqhele. It benza an ores ebuntsimbi imigodi lwamashishini kunye nesinyithi, ngoko ke usoloko uyisondeze ukukhutshwa umoya ongcolileyo eziqulathe oxides esindayo zesinyithi, isalfure, carbon nothuli.

Konke oku kunefuthe elibi kakhulu kwindalo kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kutshintsho utyani osentshona ngendlela Putorana Reserve nezithinteli zone. Kule ncwadi lwezenzululwazi, unako ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga impembelelo ezikhutshwayo kwezemveliso izityalo zengingqi, ngoxa ebekelwe amagosa musa ukuqhuba uphando lwabo. Akukho kodwa ubungakanani ngqo ngokupheleleyo le ndawo ukuba ubethwa ezikhutshwayo mveliso eziyingozi. Ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo zokuqala zomsebenzi Mining and Metallurgical Dibanisa kwi Norilsk kuchaphazela malunga 1/10 square Putorana Reserve kunye 1/3 bommandla buffer.

Beauty yemvelo

Ebekelwe bucala into yendalo esembindini ingqalelo Putorana ihewu elikhulu, nto leyo ibandakanya ummandla malunga nezigidi ezi-2.5 hectares. E Central eSiberia ithathwa ukuba abe sisibatha abangelwe ithafa inkulu. Owayesakuba yiSoviet Union akukho ndawo enye olu hlobo isiqabu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba thafa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ukuba akwenziwanga ngendlela kwimbali ngonaphakade.

izinto namandla amanzi zimelwe kwi reserve zivaliwe imifula - Khatanga Pyasina kunye ezinkulu - Yenisei.

ZamaPuritan Reserve iye seengxangxasi amaninzi ezinika ubuhle engakholelekiyo. Nantsi ke liphezulu ingxangxasi Russia (108 eemitha).

amachibi ezininzi Putorana Reserve odumileyo nobunzulu yayo ezizodwa kakhulu, kwiimitha 180-420.

uhlaza

In Putoransky reserve apho zasendle Russia ityhilwe lonke uzuko lwayo, kukho 398 izityalo eziphezulu, olubalelwa-61% yabo izilwanyana zizonke yasethafeni. Phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ukukhumbula izityalo ezinqabileyo ezifana poppy belovoloskovy, Slipper nezirhwexu, Rhodiola rosea kunye jikelele-Asia. Kukho kwakhona izezo zifumaneka Putorana - poppy enemibala, marigold kunye oxytrope kade Putoransky phakathi kweenkqubo ezintabeni zikho Byrranga kunye Putoran - fescue ushkovataya esingapheliyo ngasentla eSiberia edandelion thaca longhorned, oxytrope Taimyr kunye Sitnic elide-nose.

izilwanyana Land

Putorana Reserve uhlanganisa ezinomqolo hlathi, kumathafa, ehlathini kunye nezinye izilwanyana rhoqo afumaneka ezintabeni. Plateau lowo umda osemantla lonikezelo iintlobo ezininzi, kuquka Sable, ingqawa, oonomatse eziqhelekileyo, iielk, goshawk, ehlathini Lemmings, icula, ilitye capercaillie kunye eziqhelekileyo, kwagcwala, nengcwangube bavala, isithulu kunye nengabangaba, iintlobo ezininzi passerine, Kulikova kunye nezinye izilwanyana.

Lo mmandla yindawo ekuzalelwe inxalenye esemantla Central eSiberia yi yokwakha ukhozi enkulu emhlophe-ezinomsila nexhalanga. To emzantsi-mpuma inxalenye uphawu yokwakha Little Curlew kunye nakumbindi yasethafeni Putorana uhlala inkoliso yabantu Putoransky iigusha bighorn. Ulikhaya inani elikhulu amabhere, iingcuka kunye wolverines, ukudlala biocenoses zengingqi indima ebalulekileyo.

Unique phenomenon umxhelo kakhulu Putoransky Wildlife Reserve zithathwa yokufudukela zonyaka inani elikhulu adle zasendle. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiindlela ngokwelizwe bale ndawo Putoransky ihewu apho bekuza phantse bonke abemi Taimyr adle (malunga 450-480 amawaka abantu). Kwi lehewu ebudeni bonyaka baya malunga 5-6 iinyanga. Gqithisela ngohlangothi kunokuba emxinwa ephakathi 100 no 150 km, ngoko ke unako ukugqiba ukuba kukho ekuthiwa-imfuduko channel transmissive kunyaka ngamnye ku-220 amawaka adle zasendle.

Emanzini: intulo eSiberia

It sesona silwanyana kuphela udidi emanzini, thaca kwi Putoransky ithafa. Ifom eziphawuleka lonke ummandla hlathi Russian, eqhelekileyo kwimimandla esemantla ukuya kummandla ihlathi-kumathafa, phantse ngokwemida yalo wasentla. Kodwa intulo Siberian inqabile kakhulu ukuba inxalenye esemntla Krasnoyarsk Territory kwaye isoloko ifumaneka kuphela efikelela kuyo umlambo Stony Tunguska emahlathini pine.

Kumbindi Putorana Reserve le iintlobo zamasele esafunyanwa Julayi 1982 e Lake Harpicha. Ngoko ke, xa lokufumana ngokwakhe intulo eSiberia xa imali abantu abane kwiziko iintaba Putoransky kwintaba ephakame yeemitha 481 kuba luphuhliso ebaluleke kakhulu kunye nomdla ngokwemiqathango zoogeography imele.

Esoloko ikho Reserve - Putoransky iigusha bighorn

Putorana Reserve kuphela omiweyo ngomnye izilwanyana kakhulu kangako ehlabathini kummandla - iigusha bighorn Putoransky, okanye bighorn. Wabonisa apha nje zenyathi eyahlukileyo, kwaye zibandakanyiwe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi eSoviet Union, kwaye ngoku Russia. Le ndawo yokuhlala - nganye kwiziko iintaba Putoransky, kummandla kangangamakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kummandla lonikezelo ezinye zenyathi izimvu ikhephu.

Waterworld Putorana

Ngo Putoransky Reserve amanzi emifuleni kwafunyanwa iintlobo 36 iintlanzi. Ziphawuleka iintlobo ezininzi apha zikho, ezifana grayling, whitefish kunye Isakare iintlanzi. Inkoliso yabo ziye zahlolwa ngoko kude akwanelanga, kungekhona ukumisela ubume babo taxonomic. Ukubakho ngeendlela ezininzi intraspecific kakhulu kwandisa ukwahluka kwindawo yolondolozo iintlanzi.

Uhlobo main ezikhuselweyo

Ezanyisayo kakhulu ngamehlo abomvu zilandelayo: lemming Collared, iigusha bighorn, iielk, ermine, icaribou, must-nempuku, Sable, ingqawa, ibhere emdaka. Of kwiintaka - nesangxa, encinane emhlophe, nesihuluhulu nenkuku yamanzi, ukhozi emhlophe-ezinomsila, nenciniba elineentshebe, capercaillie eqhelekileyo nelitye, nendwe emnyama, goshawk, Swan encinane.

iintlobo ezininzi ezikhuselweyo intlanzi zimelwe grayling eSiberia, whitefish, whitefish kunye Isakare Ussurijskim Arctic, yaye ngenxa eziphila, le intulo lukhuselwe Siberia kuphela.

Oovimba of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Wonke kummandla Krasnoyarsk uye zolondolozo lwendalo ezisixhenxe. Ministry of Resources Natural kunye Lemvelo of Russia wagqiba ukujoyina Krasnoyarsk zolondolozo yenziwa ngo-Agasti kunyaka ophelileyo. Putoransky, Taimyr, Great Arctic Nature Reserve Krasnoyarsk Territory ahlanganiswa.

loovimba Taimyr ezininzi ithandwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi. amachibi It, imiwonyo, umhlaba kunye nemiqolomba intaba. Ngaphandle kwizikolo ezikude kakhulu kuzo kwendawo Inani labatyeleli likhula rhoqo. Ulawulo ugcina Taimyr liqulunqe ezi projekthi zilandelayo Iihambo babatyeleli: zokusingqongileyo, isiganeko, ezemfundo kunye ethno-nokhenketho.