Biography, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Ostrowski

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Ostrovsky - kwiphepha yobugorha kwi ngobomi yomntu, isabelo ogama wawa nquleqhu.

usapho

Umbhali uNikolay Alekseevich Ostrovsky (1904 - 1936) wazalelwa kwilali Ukrainian ka Vilia kwiphondo Volyn kwintsapho emkhosini. Uyisemkhulu, Ivan Vasilevich Ostrovsky, wayeligosa non-wathuma, ligorha lokulwa 1855 ukuya Malakhov Hill ngexesha ukuziphendulela Sevastopol. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe Ostrovskogo Ivana Vasilevicha ezingenakwahlulwa kunye elidlulileyo yobuqhawe Russia kwinkulungwane XIX.

Bawo, Aleksey Ivanovich Ostrovsky, - njengegosa-wayala ezingezo yomkhosi impiriyali umhlala-phantsi. Yena wawongwa St. George leqa ukuba nesibindi kwi kuthinjwe Shipka kunye Plevna. Iminyaka yobomi Ostrovsky Alexey Ivanovich na ikratshi sonyana wakhe.

UMama of Nicholas, a Czech obuzwe, waba bachwayita nehlekisayo umfazi, umphefumlo nkampani. Intsapho yayihlala emininzi, abakhonzi igcinwe, indlu kwakusoloko kukho iindwendwe.

ebuntwaneni

Little uKolya sothuke ezingqonge ubuchule bakhe. Xa kweminyaka eli-9 ubudala, waphumelela kwisikolo kukuliphi esiya ukungaqhubekeki nemfundo, kodwa kwekamva wayala ngenye indlela. Ngowe-1914, uyise waphelelwa ngumsebenzi wakhe, Nobomi waquleka ngobusuku. Indlu kwafuneka ukuba kuthengiswa, usapho sahlukana. Alexey kunye Nicky waya kwizalamane e Ternopil, apho kwimvumelwano ukusebenza njenge wehlathi.

Nicolai Ostrovsky, engobomi kunye nobuchule yinto emangalisayo, efumene igosa abancedisayo kwisikhululo sikaloliwe kwidolophu Shepetovka, yaye kamva kunyaka waqalisa ukusebenza kulo ngogesi. NgoSeptemba 1918, umfana oselula wangena kwisikolo samabanga Shepetovskaya, leyo yagqitywa ngempumelelo ngo-1920.

ulutsha

A Inani Iezothuso ezinkulu ehlabathini wawa phezu kwamathole Nikolaya Ostrovskogo: The First World War, kwaye ngoko ke Februwari Revolution of 1917 kunyaka olandelayo i-Oktobha Revolution kunye imfazwe yamakhaya ukuba iphelile kuphela Ukraine ngo-1920. In Shepetivka oguqukayo amandla, amaJamani wanika indlela eya White izibonda, abo, yena, wamgxotha Olubomvu Army, ngoko ke Whites beza emva kwabo Petliurists. Shepetovka amajoni nomthetho imigulukudu ezininzi inkunzi wabulawa.

Isikolo UNikolai Ostrovsky wayeyinkokeli, yena lagqithiselwa abafundi kwiBhunga Teaching. Ngowe-1921, itshantliziyo abaphumelele uviwo kwaye wafumana isatifikethi uqolile. Kulo nyaka, Ostrowski wazibandakanya Komsomol, kwaye ukuwa waba ngumfundi wesebe sangokuhlwa Kiev College of Electromechanics. Nicholas waya kusebenza kumsebenzi wabo, kwezombane. Ubomi kunye nobuchule Ostrovsky ngexesha umfundi wakhe bakhonza njengomzekelo kwabanye.

Indlala nokubanda

Ukuba ichaza ubomi ukusebenza Ostrovskogo Ngamafutshane, esiya kuba umdla, ibali elinika ulwazi igorha unothanda, ngenjongo. Zazinzima minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, kukho kweyisa ebhubhise akwanelanga ukutya, amalahle, amayeza. College Abafundi UNikolai Ostrovsky phakathi kwabo benze iinkuni, ukuze angadliwa yingqele Kiev imfudumalo. Ukongeza, abafundi bakha umgca kaloliwe apho ukuwutsala iinkuni zikhiwa esixekweni. Kungekudala Ostrovsky abandayo yaye wathabatha ukhuko lwakhe. Belimele, yena wathunyelwa ekhaya, apho ndachitha iinyanga ezimbalwa. Ubomi kunye nobuchule Ostrovsky ngokufutshane ukuchaza nzima, kuba sisikhokelo ubomi ikwizizukulwana indlela yokoyisa iingxaki.

Ekugqibeleni, esi sifo ewuthile, kunye Nicholas wabuyela esikolweni kunye nomsebenzi. Ngoxa College ukuba similise Institute, kodwa ukuba babe abafundi yeyunivesithi Ostrovsky ayizange, ngokuba oko bekhubazekile sifo. Ukususela ngoko, umbhali elizayo waba rhoqo izibhedlele nomonde, amaziko ezempilo, iiklinikhi kunye dispensaries. Studies kwafuneka ukuba ahambe, lo mfana umnwe kulala esibhedlele elinesibhozo ukuba kangangexesha elingenammiselo.

Ngowe-1922, sigwetyelwe amaxhala abanobubi koogqirha kunye Nikolaya Ostrovskogo, waba diagnosis eyoyikekayo - ankylosing spondylitis. Oku kwakuthetha ngokupheleleyo nokungakwazi, iintlungu nokubandezeleka, apho kwiminyaka embalwa kamva kunye nesiqu nobunzulu nangokwasengqondweni umbhali uza kukwazi kugqitha umfanekiso hero yenoveli "Indlela Steel yaphazamiseka" Pavel Korchagin. Lo msebenzi ubonisa iinyaniso zobomi Ostrovsky, ndizilandile nje biography zombhali. Resistance ubuntu Pavel Korchagin - yinto umzekelo ngqo kunye umbhali yenoveli.

umsebenzi Komsomolskaya

A Umzobo emfutshane ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Ostrovskogo uyakwazi ukuchaza uhlobo le ndoda enesibindi. Ngokuthe ngcembe Nicholas waphika iinyawo zakhe, ebuya ngenkankulu, Esayama ngenduku. Ukongeza, umlenze ekhohlo ayisekho bagoba. Ngowe-1923 Ostrovsky wafudukela udade wabo phakathi komzi kwaye kukho uba Berezdiv unobhala yesithili Komsomol mbutho. Elindelwe kuye wonke qwa kumsebenzi entsimini siseko lwamaKomanisi intsimi ubuxoki. Ostrovsky iye lonke wayedibana ixesha nabantu abaselula kwiindawo ezikude, wakwazi ukuba ikukukhuthaza abantu abatsha amabali malunga nekamva eliqaqambileyo. iinzame itshantliziyo avuzwa kwiilali ezininzi ekude kukho iiseli Komsomol, ulutsha ngolangazelelo wanceda inkokeli kwazo ukuqalisa ubuKomanisi. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Ostrovsky kwi Komsomol inkokeli isithuba eyabangumzekelo indima abaninzi abalandeli bakhe abaselula.

Unyaka th 1924 yaba kukutshintsha for Ostrovsky, waba Communist Party. Emva koko waba lilungu imifanekiso banditry, ubulungu bakhe Chon (imikhosi ezizodwa) ibe kwenye indawo yomsebenzi ukulwa engakhathali ukuba iminqweno ukulingana jikelele. Ubomi kunye nobuchule Ostrovsky iminyaka ekhathazeka lizwe ngumzekelo bokuzincama. Zonwabise ku UNikolai Ostrovsky oyingqwangangqwili, Akawunqanda ngokwakhe. Rhoqo waya umsebenzi ukutshabalalisa notshaba, ukulala ebusuku. Okulandelayo kwafika sokubala, impilo yayisiba. Umsebenzi kwafuneka ukuba ahambe, yaqalisa sokubuyisa ixesha ekuphulukenwe elide.

Izibhedlele, unyango Spa

Uphengululo ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Ostrowski iqhubeka ixesha apho eso sifo siya kunyangwa ngokuzimisela. Iminyaka emibini, ukususela 1924 ukuya 1926, UNikolai Ostrovsky waye eKharkov Medical-Mechanical Institute, abambe ikhondo unyango ilandelwa yi kwimeko yesiqhelo. Nangona iinzame oogqirha, kwakungekho ukuphucuka. Noko ke, ngelo xesha, Nicholas Ndizifumanele abahlobo abaninzi abatsha, owokuqala apho uPetros Novikov, a kunyango ethembekile kufuphi ekupheleni Ostrovsky.

Ngowe-1926, Nicholas wafudukela Yevpatoria, idolophu kwinxalenye esentshona losingasiqithi iCrimea. Apho uya kufumana unyango kweso sibhedlele "Maynaki". ECrimea, Ostrovsky wadibana Innokentiem Pavlovichem Fedenevym kunye Alexandra Alekseevna Zhigareva, amadoda iinjongo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ababebizwa ngokuba "kwiBolsheviks yesikolo endala." abahlobo abatsha kuya kudlala indima enkulu kakhulu kubomi umbhali, kuya kuba umzali wesibini. Innocent Fedenev kuba ngumhlobo osenyongweni zombhali, ugxa wakhe kwimicimbi ngcinga nolobukomanisi. Alexander Zhigareva baba "Umama wesibini." Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Nikolaya Ostrovskogo ukususela ezingenakwahlulwa aba bantu. Abahlobo bokwenene baya angaze ahlukane.

Ubomi Novorossiysk

phambili Ubalo sobomi kunye nomsebenzi Ostrovsky - na kuhlala kummandla Krasnodar kuLwandle Black. Emva izindululo oogqirha, uNicholas gqolo ukuhlala emzantsi. Yena wahlala nezihlobo kwicala yomama, usapho Matsyuk e Novorossiysk. Kubo, uya kudla ubomi iminyaka emibini, ukususela 1926 ukuya th-1928. Health isiba maxongo, yiya Ostrowski awukwazi, ukuhamba ngeentonga. Lonke ixesha alichitha iincwadi ukuba inxalenye enkulu yobomi bakhe efunda. Nicholas i umbhali ayithandayo Mxim Gorky, kulandele ziyahlonelwa uncwadi Russian: Gogol, Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ngwa Ostrovsky umxholo kweMfazwe Civil, uzama ukuqonda oyena nobangela zeziganeko elo xesha, xa umzalwana wabulala umninawa, aze uyise nonyana. Kwenye umoya funda Mfanekiso "CHapaev" Furmanova "Izixeko kunye Iminyaka" Fedina, "Iron Stream 'Serafimovicha" oomkhomishinari "Libedinskii.

Ngowe-1927, ankylosing spondylitis, nto leyo echaphazela UNikolai Ostrovsky, ifikelela incopho yayo, uza ukushwabana opheleleyo emilenzeni. Hamba ke awukwazi, nkqu ngeentonga. Kokwenza iintlungu akayeki umzuzu. Ukususela ngelo xesha, UNikolai ngumlwelwe. Ukufunda iincwadi kancinane baphazanyiswa ukubandezeleka emzimbeni, uncwadi, yonke imihla kuzisa abangoonolayibrari, owaba ngabahlobo abakhulu Ostrovsky. An yokuveza isigulana uba kunomathotholo ukuba ngandlel 'ithile, kodwa lisadibana kwihlabathi ngaphandle.

Ekupheleni kuka-1927, UNikolai Ostrovsky ifumana isebe imbalelwano leYunivesithi wamaKomanisi Yakova Sverdlova, yaye lo mcimbi yaba luvuyo ngokwenene kuye. Abahlobo ukufumana umyalezo yovuyo: "Mna abalufunda engekho engamanga !!!" Ubomi ngokuba tshembiseke uyagula Ostrovsky yenza ucacelwa.

Kwaye ngoko omnye ilishwa kwenzeka - unesifo amehlo. Nangona oku umtshiso kuphela, kodwa kungekudala kuya kuza ilahleko umbono. Oogqirha ngokucacile esalelweyo ukufunda, kungekhona ukuze singadinwa amehlo. Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuze siphile njani ngoku?,!

Indlu e Sochi

Xa izigulane nezibi Nikolaya Ostrovskogo wabonakala umfazi, raisa Porfirevna, lowo wadibana e Novorossiysk. Abahlobo nzima ukunceda intsapho oselula, enkosi kwimisebenzi Aleksandry Zhigarevoy Ostrovskim ukunika endlini Sochi. Nmb ukuqokelela imali, ngokuthe ngcembe ubomi baqalisa ukwakha. Kodwa impilo UNikolai yaqhubeka ukuba maxongo, umsebenzi musculoskeletal phantse ngokupheleleyo yalahleka, le nkqubo iye isiba mandundu. Le mbono kwakhona buthathaka suku ngalunye ngakumbi nangakumbi kunzima ukufunda oonobumba nokuba enkulu. Iiyure womlimi wayibuyisela yabona, kodwa eyestrain kutyunyuzwa ophulwe a blackout kwakhona. Ostrovsky impilo jikelele bafa, ithemba recovery waba. Abahlobo usoloko ekufutshane, kwaye kuphela ukuba wabanika amandla isigulane.

ixesha eMoscow

Biography Ostrowski, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi bafikelele kwinqanaba elitsha ngo-Oktobha 1929, xa Nicholas kunye nomfazi wakhe bafika eMoscow ukuze kutyando iliso. Nangona yokuba wafakwa kwiiklinikhi kakhulu uNjingalwazi M. Averbakh, nangokurhala jikelele wonke umzimba yabangela yokusabela elibi. akuzange kube lula ukuqhuba umsebenzi.

Ukuphila indawo zoluntu eMoscow iye mandundu kakhulu Ostrovsky ukugula. Oshiywe emsebenzini, waza wahlala yedwa. Kungelo xesha kwagqitywa ukuba abhale incwadi. Umzimba lanqumama, yaye bamele umphefumlo ukuzichaza. Ngethamsanqa, izandla waligcina eli ukuhamba, kodwa Nicholas akazange abone. Wandula ke wangena kunye isixhobo okhethekileyo, ebizwa njalo-"elubala", apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba babhale ongayaziyo. Imigca emgceni kwimiqolo zicocekile, page Ukubhala kulula, kwafuneka nje ixesha ukutshintsha iimakhishithi, ebhalwe umnatha.

Ukuqala bobuchule

Zokukhula kunye nobuchule Ostrovsky ukuchaza ukuba ungumntu olukhuni abangazange kwaphula naziphi na iimvavanyo. Isifo bayiqinisa kuphela ukuthanda obungenakuzanyazanyiswa. UNikolai Ostrovsky waqalisa ukubhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ekubeni umntu ogula kakhulu, ukugogeka neemfama. Kunjalo, wakwazi ukuba ukwenza umsebenzi ongafiyo wangena iincwadi Golden Russian. Le inoveli "Indlela Steel yaphazamiseka".

It ubhala ebusuku, nangona kwakunzima. Morning lokuzalwa uqokelele saa emgangathweni Ndayishwabanisa sheets, bona Ndiyakubalungisa kwaye uzame yezixhobo zecomputer ebhaliweyo. Le nkqubo yaba buhlungu, lo gama Ostrovsky ukuba ambhalele itekisi abo babathandayo, kwaye ubhale phantsi. Ityala nangoko wahamba kakuhle, enqwenela ukusebenza umbhali yayigcwele. Kwigumbi elincinane kwigumbi zoluntu eMoscow ukuya iintsapho nje ezintathu ezinxulumene, ngaphezu abantu ezilishumi.

Noko ke, akusoloko ndakwazi basiyalele nokubhala isicatshulwa esitsha kwangoko, ekubeni zonke izalamane sasisoloko sixakekile emsebenzini. Emva koko UNikolai Ostrovsky wabuza lo ayehlala Galyu Alekseevu ndimbhalele Iitekisi ezinika emlonyeni. Kwaye uhlakaniphile, intombazana ofundileyo yaba umncedisi ufunwayo.

Roman "Njengoko intsimbi wobulali"

Ostrovsky izahluko ezibhaliweyo iprintwe wegqitha Aleksandre Zhigarevoy, lowo eLeningrad kwaye izame kunikezela phezu ngqangi ukupapashwa. Noko ke, yonke imizamo yakhe aziphumelelanga, read umsebenzi, badumisa wabuya. Kuba Ostrovskogo Roman "Indlela Steel yaphazamiseka" nentsingiselo yobomi bakhe, wayenengxaki ukuba ngqangi akayi uprinte.

E Moscow, upapasho yenoveli izame ukuphawula Innokentiy Pavlovich Fedenev, wacezela ngqangi bakhe ndivakalisa indlu "Young Guard" kwaye walindela ukuba umhleli impendulo. Emva kwethutyana, kulandele uphononongo ukuba negative ezingenabani. Fedenev ufuna kwakhona yoviwo-. Kwaye ngoko "umkhenkce waba eyaphukileyo", umbhalo-ngqangi yawa ezandleni umbhali Marko Kolosov, ngubani ukufunda ngenyameko umxholo yenoveli nekucetyiswa ukuba ukupapashwa.

Ukupapashwa kwinoveli

Umbhali Kolosov, kunye umhleli oyintloko kulindixesha "I Young Guard" ekukruqulayo Karavaevoy lihlaziye ngqangi, kwaye imveliso baqalisa ukuprinta amaphepha ngenyanga. Yaba luloyiso Nikolaya Ostrovskogo kunye inoveli yakhe "Indlela Steel yaphazamiseka". Xa umbhali waqukumbela isivumelwano, wafumana imali, ubomi wabuyela intsingiselo yalo.

Lo msebenzi kalindixesha "I Young Guard" kumagumbi amahlanu, ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuSeptemba 1932. Sizoku lwisana iintsapho nasemhlabeni nezihlobo umbhali ibihlungu ukuba inoveli kuncitshiswa kupheliswe izahluko ezininzi. Ngokusemthethweni Bachaza ukungathethi iphepha, kodwa ababhali bakholelwa ukuba "zibethe ncwadi." Noko ke, ekugqibeleni, UNikolai Ostrovsky warhoxa.

Kamva, le inoveli "Indlela Steel yaphazamiseka" ngokuphindaphindiweyo iprintwe kwakhona kumazwe aphesheya, umsebenzi kugqalwa umzekelo ezaziwa umlinganiswa alawule Russian. Umbhali wayebhale enye inoveli ebizwa ngokuba "Wazalwa the Storm", kodwa ke, amazwi umbhali, "imveliso iye asanelanga," ingakumbi ukususela ophela Ostrovsky bakhe ababanga ukuba, wafa eneminyaka engama-36 waza wangcwatyelwa Novodevichy Amangcwaba eMoscow .

memory

Amaxesha bobuchule Ostrovsky - lo amaphepha ziqaqamba yendlela yobugorha yobomi yomntu phezu kwabo awubanga namandla kungekho kugula, akukho ukudana enzulu. Umbhali uye wadala iqhekeza nje omnye, kodwa ke isityhilelo enkulu kangaka iprozi, ezinye ababhali abakhange kwenzeka kuba bonke ubomi babo elide. UNikolai Ostrovsky kunye inoveli yakhe "Indlela Steel yaphazamiseka" sibhalwe ngonaphakade kwimbali iincwadi Russian.