Nendima yombhali entsomini. nendima yombhali entsomini

Intsomi libali elifutshane, ngokufuthi kwindinyana, wabeka intsingiselo yimizekeliso kuyo. Bezisebenza kulo kaninzi izilwanyana.

Ukuvela yeentsomi

Kukholelwa ukuba zintsomi wabonakala Greece yamandulo kwiinkulungwane 6-5. BC. e., uMdali wabo Aesop. Xa igama le fabulist edume allegorically ke udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ulwimi Aesopian."

Ukusasazeka uhlobo entsha eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe

Kwinkulungwane 1 Iintsomi BC Aesop ziye zaguqulelwa kwindinyana kwisiLatin Phaedrus. Kamva baqala ukusebenzisa iintlobo ababhali - ukususela La Fontaine zintsomi Krylov kunye namabali zidla lathathwa Aesop.

Kwilizwe lethu, olu hlobo yandile emhlabeni kwinkulungwane yama-18. A. Kantemir ngumbhali wokuqala Russian owabhala zintsomi ngxi 30 ngenkulungwane ye-18. Kamva, kwakukho imisebenzi ngabanye ababhali Russian: M. V. Lomonosova, V. K. Trediakovskogo A. Sumarokov. Noko ke, eyona ezithandwayo kunye fabulist laziwa kwilizwe lethu kuthathwa ukuba I. A. Krylov.

Iimpawu yeentsomi Krylov kaThixo

Wings bagqiba ukuba intsomi, njengoko kwaba uhlobo abantu abaninzi ngxolo kuYosefu. Xa umbhali wabuza kutheni wanyula igama lakhe, yena waphendula ukuba intsomi kucacile kubo bonke, kuye "ukufunda kunye nabakhonzi, nabantwana." Olu hlobo indalo uncwadi sele kudala wayesondele ngokukhethekileyo kwi izibongo abantu, waba isiseko esiluqilima iincwadi Russian. Yagxekwa ezinxulumene izaci nezafobe, abhalwe ngolwimi olulula ecacileyo, ifundisa ubulumko behlabathi kunye nokuziphatha - konke oku kwenza ukuba kube uhlobo oyithandayo phakathi kwabantu. Yintoni na indawo yombhali kwi intsomi? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inikela eli nqaku.

Uvuthondaba in kwintsomi

Uvuthondaba wasebenzisa Krylov, nje lo mntu wumbi, yayijonge ukuvula iingxaki "yezilonda" asingabo kuphela uluntu awayephila Ivan Andreyevich, kodwa kwinkqubo yonke ngokusekelwe self-umdla kwipropati yabucala. lugxile Satirical yeentsomi zakhe kuphakamisa imixholo lixesha zokunyoba, ukuxhatshazwa, ukubawa, izixhobo ngokungazi ngamandla.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe Krylov isicelo njengobuxoki ezizodwa avela kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "ulwimi Aesopian." Wamkhonza ku tifihla uvuthondaba. Ukufunda imisebenzi fabulist, siyaqonda ukuba iingonyama, namaesile, iingcuka kunye iimpungutye - njengobuxoki nje abstract kunye nabalinganiswa intsomi, kunye nemifanekiso ezithile zembali. Noko ke, isikhundla zentsulungeko satirical umbhali kwintsomi lisoloko lingaphezulu kakhulu iimeko ezithathwe njengesiseko isishiya nokudalwa uthelekiso. Kungenxa yoko le nto iminyaka emininzi imisebenzi fabulist kuhlala acuteness sisasebenza kwezopolitiko kubo yaye namhlanje akukho mathandabuzo, njengoko waba uthelekiso entsha.

nendima yombhali kwintsomi "The Wolf nayo iMvana"

Krylov wayesoloko wasivuna abantu abacinezelekileyo ukusuka besoyisa nobundlobongela abo ngamandla - kwiiklasi sigqibo ngokunyoluka enamandla.

Ngokomzekelo, xa umsebenzi wakhe 'Ingcuka iMvana "kokubhaliweyo okungenanto ubonisa indawo yombhali yentsomi:" A onamandla onke namandla ityala! " imvana buthathaka kwaye uyoyika iba ngamaxhoba ingcuka kuphela kuba yokugqibela ulambile. Le yintsomi yenye ezimbalwa uqala yokuziphatha, hayi ukuphela kwalo. Krylov wakhe wathi, yintoni eyona ngongoma ngeli bali. IMvana akananto ukungqina ukuba ingcuka olambileyo. Kwaye zihlala bekuya kuba luncedo ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba ukuze kuza ilixa, xa nqiphu amandla njengabongamileyo yakhe. Yena ke baziphathe? Kanye imvu? Umfanekiso weMvana imele abantu abacinezelekileyo xa bebonke, amandla ayo induku. indawo Umbhali ephambili kule yentsomi Krylov kaThixo "The Wolf nayo iMvana" siyaqondakala nkqu umntwana.

Intsingiselo yezopolitiko

Loo kobulungisa, ubundlobongela kunye nokuchasa umthetho obenziwa kubantu abazizisweli, ngamakhoboka kunye nabakhonzi, Ivan A. abaqalekisileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo wasingelwa kwiincwadi zakhe. Le indawo yombhali kwi kwintsomi "Ihagu phantsi komoki" Noko kwimisebenzi "Iingcuka Izimvu", "Sheep isiSwati," "abalimi kunye River" kunye nabanye. Kodwa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba bahlekisa uburhamncwa, ubugwenxa yonke inkqubo lwentlalo, nto leyo eye yakhuthaza olungalunganga yokubhuqwa inginginya, Krylov wabona akukho ndlela yokuphuma kule meko, kuba ukholelwa ukuba yoqhankqalazo yoluntu kunceda. Le indawo umbhali apha entsomini. Intsingiselo yalo koqhankqalazo Krylov wayesoloko imibuzo, wayekholelwa ukuba nje akunakwenzeka.

Ukwenza ukuhlekisa zonke iintlobo amalinge zobunene kurhulumente, nokubabonisa njengoko Iindibano isilwanyana amenywa ukuba afunde banzi ngale ingcuka, amaphupha sokuba umdala iigusha, Ivan A. uphawula ukuba imbono yeegusha ngomhla wokugqibela kule "intlanganiso" yaye "Ulibele 'ukufunda (" ukuhlanganiswa yehlabathi "). Kulandele isiphelo ekrakra - ukuba amandla kwi "zisezandleni zabantu", kuwo nawuphi na umyalelo, unako ukufumana iqhinga ukwenza i 'lokulungisa', apho bafuna.

Okungekho sikweni kunye ubugwenxa, ngokwelizwi fabulist - isiphumo hayi kuphela ukuziphatha ezonakeleyo, kodwa inkqubo yezopolitiko, likhokelwa kukumkani. Le indawo ke umbhali apha entsomini. Ngoko ke, kangangokuba usebenza ezinikele uKumkani, Leo, umfanekiso kunye nezenzo ezithi ezibonisa ngokucacileyo Alexander I guqula bakhe.

"Fish Dance"

Kubalulekile ukuphawula, kuqala kwiinto zonke, wentsomi, "Intlanzi Dance". Isixelela uKumkani Leo, ngubani wagqiba ukuphendula izikhalazo malunga nabasebenzi bobutshinga ngokwakho ukuba aye kuloo ndawo kwaye ujonge umyalelo okhoyo. Endleleni adibana umlimi-usodolophu, ngubani oza ukwakha umlilo kunye Qhotsa kulo njengeentlanzi ezibanjiswe emanzini. Xa ebuzwa Leo malunga noko akwenzayo, indoda aphendule ikratshi, ukuba lowo unguye "Abantu abadala phezu kwamanzi 'yaye weza apha Siyavuyisana uKumkani kunye nolo tyelelo.

Usodolophu Ekugudeni hits kwithagethi, yaye uKumkani Leo uyamgweba le guy for mkhwa, kodwa uphulaphula kuphela intetho yakhe bokuthembana ubuxoki malunga nendlela uxhalabele iintswelo zabantu bakhe. Kukho ngokucacileyo Mhlawumbe indawo yombhali yentsomi - libhekisela Alexander I, ababefuna ukuhamba ilizwe bakholwa ungaveli yonke uthe somfundisi yakhe endle.

Le ukufana kusaziwa nokuba kwizangqa karhulumente ziyekisiwe intsomi kunye ovumeleke ukuba ashicilele kuphela kwi imeko Leo lachazwa ngokuba Guardian ibubulungisa bayahlelwa zabantu. Noko ke, eyona ntsingiselo ntsomi kuba banzi kakhulu ngokuba sesichengeni ngamnye geqe. Krylov wayefuna ukubonisa uphawu imeko yoluntu lonke, xa ukumkani isekelwe phezu akhe yaye akakukhathalele ubunzima kunye ukuswela zabantu.

"Sheep enala"

Kwintsomi "The Sheep oluthe chokochoko" Ivan Andreevich ngokunyevula ubuncinane inobuhlu- Alexander I, mna uhanahaniso lakhe, ecudisile kwaye nitshinizile Burke abakuthandayo, lo gama Abazenzisi ivakalisa uvelwano yayo kumaxhoba! nendima yombhali kwintsomi sikhanya kakhulu, ngoko ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko kubhaliwe Kuvaliwe, yanyatheliswa kuphela emva kokufa Krylov.

Ivan Andreyevich, ukugculela nalwazelelelo ukhohlakele nguzwilakhe yoMlawuli kunye neqembu yakhe, akavukanga, kunjalo, nxamnye ezininzi le nkqubo eswela, nxamnye ukumkani ngokwayo, kodwa bakhetha ukuhlala iindawo zemfundo, ekholelwa ukuba ukumkani unokuba nobulungisa, ukuba imithetho clever kwaye nje yinkosi. Njengoko utitshala oyinyaniso, wayezama ukuphucula inkqubo ekhoyo ngokufundisa izihlwele. nendima yombhali kwintsomi usoloko ngayo ngokuphandle, nangona allegorically.

umsebenzi Educational yeentsomi

zintsomi Krylov kaThixo ubabalo, kungekuphela nje uHorace, onilwelayo kunye ukungafezeki ngokwanelisayo kukarhulumente. Wayeqinisekile ukuba kungumthetho zingatshintshwa ngenxa yokuziphatha engcono yabantu, ngoko imisebenzi yakhe kusoloko yokuziphatha. Ivan A. ubhenca amampunge, indolence, ukonqena, nalwazi, ukuqhayisa, uhanahaniso, uburheletyo, wabugwala, ukubawa. Wenza ehlekisa nje kuphela abo babefuna ukuba bazuze ngokuxhaphaza abanye, kodwa zonke iintlobo angoongqikana kunye bunglers.

Njengoko umzekelo Trishka ukuba ezi zinto zinegalelo ekuphuhliseni etyeni ngokwalo idyasi ( "Trishkin idyasi"), Miller, ogama ukungakhathali kwakhokelela yokuba waba "amanzi kwidama prososala" Bear, akakwazi ukusebenza, yaye ngoko yatshabalalisa ezinde, nezom-amangile, Elm.

"Elephant and Pug"

Xa intsomi "I Elephant kunye Pug ' umfanekiso Dog kungumqondiso abantu abathanda ukuba sibhengeze ngokwabo, nangona asisiso kufezekiswe nto. umfanekiso Elephant udlulisa ubuhle kunye nokubaluleka loo mntu umele. Esi sikhundla umbhali xa yentsomi Krylov kaThixo "I Elephant kunye lengubo-izinja." Elephant ubani sifuna ukuthandwa naye, zalikhonkotha, ihlunguzela umsila wakhe. Ukuthetha Shawky, Pug iyamxelela ukuba nangona zalikhonkotha indlovu, eneneni imigudu yayo ingasetyenziswanga kuyo - ukuba ibhekiswe kwezinye izinja. Ngoko ufuna ukubonisa kubo, ukubonisa ukuba akukho kwaye kungekho namnye woyika, nokuba indlovu. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kubomi izixhobo ngokwenene ukuphumeza le njongo. Krylov akwazi ukubonisa iinzame indlela njengempambano etyeni ethangeni-izinja kunye nendlela izinja bazizidenge, eziyijikelezileyo, thatha le trick ngexabiso ubuso. nendima yombhali kwintsomi "I Elephant kunye Pug" kukuba nangona abantu ezifana lengubo-izinja, kwaye ayikwazi ukwenza ingxolo ngeenxa zonke kuye rhoqo, baqonde asikokwezilumko oko ixabisa.

"Choosy umakoti"

Entsomini "umtshakazi choosy" Ivan Andreyevich ikwazile ezimbalwa ngamagama ngqo lubhekisele umlinganiswa eqhelekileyo kakhulu yaye ayinyaniso. "Ahlekisayo" umtshakazi ahlekisayo kunye puffy. Uthunga iimfuno zakhe isoka ezisekelwe ngeziyalezo ongabhalwanga yokuziphilisa uluntu bajonga umtshato bethenga. Kuba umtshakazi, nkqu "preznatnye" abaviwa - "hayi abakhwenyana kunye zhenishonki". Oku kufuna ukuba umyeni enokubakho wayemthanda waza ke bengasenabuganga ukuba nomona, ukuba inkululeko epheleleyo iimbopheleleko yokuziphatha.

Intsomi umsindo amazwi baphile kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye elime kwezentlalo, nganye eneyazo isandi yalo kunye nepeyinti, ingakumbi intetho. Fabulist uvezwa abameli imisebenzi emininzi, isikhundla kuluntu :. Amafama, abanini, abarhwebi, kwabemi, abalusi, locwaningo, njl Xa echaza ezinye zazo kusetyenziswa isigama yobungcali. Umzekelo, kwintsomi ze "Yabathengisi" liqhawe kwintetho yakhe, esebenzisa amagama slang umsebenzi, kwakunye colloquialisms encinane-yokuphatha ( "kuphela", "sotnyazhka", "fuse", "olushek" et al.). Noko ke, imizekelo enjalo Ivan Andreyevich yayisathe inqabile, ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa ulwimi yesizwe, ogama ubutyebi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye phraseology.

Krylov, ngowokuqala igama elihle ehlabathini lonke (kukho ababhali engqondweni). Uninzi zintsomi bakhe ubomi Ivan Andreyevich zaye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi zaseYurophu. Ngoku waziwa kwaye abathande izizwe ezininzi ico, ukuthetha ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama amahlanu ezahlukeneyo. Yagxekwa ufunde zombini abadala kunye nabantwana.