Boat "Rocket" hydrofoil: inkcazelo, iimpawu. izithuthi amanzi

Boat "Rocket" - inqanawa kufakwa amaphiko ngaphantsi kwamanzi. It lichazwa njenge "P" yaye yenzelwe ukuba ulondolozo ngaxeshanye abakhweli 64-66. umthamo ngqo na ukuguqulwa isithuthi. "Rocket" ineenkalo-27 x 5 x 4.5 m, kunye ekuhambeni 1.1 m lifakwa, ngexesha bengasebenzi - 1.8 m ukubana unladen benqanawa -. 18, kwi zizaliswe - 25.3. Inqanawa angashenxela ngesantya kwe-70 km / h, kodwa regulatory - ukusuka kuma-60 ukuya kuma-65 km / h. nenjini elinye kunye engundoqo injini iseti ku 900-1000 igunya hp kubonelelwe kuyilo.

ukuba umdla

Boat "Rocket" - akukho imveliso engatshatanga kodwa uthotho yonke, olwaqalwa kwimveliso kwixesha eSoviet Union. Iiprojekthi apho ukwakha ezi mpahla babebizwa:

• 340ME;
• 340;
• 340E.

Saqala ukuvelisa izithuthi 1957. imveliso yawo kwaqhubeka de malunga yee-70s. Ngeli xesha, amanzi yasungulwa izikhephe malunga namakhulu amathathu wokubonelela zothutho emlanjeni. Eyokuqala kwezi yaba igama fanekisela "Rocket-1." ukwakhiwa kwawo uyazingca-mveliso "Red Sormovo".

Iphenyane "Rocket-1" hambo yokuqala ngo-1957, yaye yamiselwa ngomhla we-25 Agasti. Indlela wabaleka phakathi Kazan kunye Nizhny Novgorod. isitya lilonke Bameyisile 420 leekhilomitha angaphezulu amanzi ethile ngentsimbi yesixhenxe! Into eyabonisa iphenyane "Rocket" iinkcukacha, wabetha ingqalelo abantu abaqhelekileyo. 30 abaphumeleleyo lucky labo bantu, ngubani okokuqala kwixesha elingephi ixesha phezu kwamanzi bakwazi ukwenza uhambo umdla.

Zangoku nezexesha elizayo

Njengoko isikhephe "Rocket" (speed isikhephe - ukuya ku-70 km / h) lubonise ezinjalo iinketho kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza ndizuze udumo. Igama benqanawa uhlanga phantse yaba igama. Eli siko iye yasinda kuzo namhlanje - namhlanje "evuthayo" igama zonke iinqanawa efana inqanawa Soviet zakudala.

Kumaxesha Soviet, isikhephe umlambo "Rocket" elalisetyenziswa ayikho ukuba wonke. Iintsapho abazizityebi singanakho uhambo-veki kwezinye ummandla obukekayo: pilot bazisa abakhweli ukuba matheku ebukekayo kunye coves ukuba yomkhondo abo bahamba emhlabeni. Kodwa ixabiso kuba loo kukulunywa cruise. Umzekelo, oololiwe apho oko kungenzeka ukuba uhambe umgama elifanayo ukusuka isixeko eyona ndlela yongayo kwezinye maxesha. Noko ke, amanzi zolonwabo ilungileyo lonke usapho, kunokuba isikhephe "Rocket", babecinga ukuba nje akunakwenzeka.

Namhlanje le nqanawa kunye asetyenziswa yonke imihla. Umzekelo, oku kungabonakala kwisikhululo umlambo Nizhny Novgorod. Usuku nosuku isitya elithembekileyo wokuthutha abakhweli phakathi kwezixeko kunye waliqengqa ngabakhenkethi kuhamba uhambo olufutshane.

Capital "Rocket"

Projects izikhephe kanye zithathwa schemes, apho kuya kufuneka ukuba kwakhiwe inqwelo amanzi kwikomkhulu omkhulu eSoviet - Moscow. Ngoko ke zenzelwe abaziinkunkqele yabo intle ngelo xesha. Ngako oko, kamsinya nje i kuqala "Rocket-1" kamsinya nje esi sikhephe kwikomkhulu oko yasungulwa. moya wayo wokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1957 ngexesha kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni xa isixeko zinginginya umkhosi kubafundi kunye nolutsha. Yaba isiganeko ngamazwe, apho babesiya abasemagunyeni ukubonisa ezona ukuba kukho eSoviet Union. Neenqanawa senkundla, Kakade ke, kakhulu.

Ubunzima hydrofoils waqala ukusebenza emanzini eMoscow kuphela ekuqaleni elishumi ezayo, apho wayenomsebenzi nempumelelo olulifaneleyo de kwango-2006. Kwaye ukusukela ngo-2007, urhulumente lasungula inkqubo omkhulu ukubuyisela le kwelizwe zothutho wamanzi, ingakumbi, i ipaki "mijukujelwa". Ukususela ngo-2009, iinqwelo rhoqo ukwenza imikhumbi ezine ezifana:

• 102 (kuphela moya VIP);
• 185;
• 191 (ngaphambili zithutha njengoko imizuzu 244);
• 246.

imithombo Unofficial zithi ukuba kungekudala kuza kubakho ezinye hydrofoils phezu iiprojekthi edume eSoviet - kamsinya nje umsebenzi ogqityiweyo kwi ukubuyiselwa koomatshini.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Hydrofoil i nqanawa fast, leyo isebenza kumgaqo kwenkxaso olutshintshayo. Inqanawa uba igobhogobho, yaye zicwangciswe "amaphiko" ngaphantsi. Ukuba inqanawa ihamba ngokucotha okanye umi, intsalela inikwa ngamandla ukubagcina. Xa ephakamisa songeniselo isantya lwenzeka phezu amandla angaphezulu amanzi, zivuse amaphiko. Le kuyilo uvumele ukunciphisa ukunganyangeki amanzi, ethi ichaphazele isantya.

River ukugqala Transport Water ngamaphiko yintoni ngaphambili kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka - ngesantya ecaleni imithambo amanzi lizwe. Ke kaloku uhambo ukushiya kwiiyure, ekhokelela ukwanda kokuziswa ukuthandwa kwezithuthi. Ngelo xesha ke iinqanawa akubizi ukusebenza, kwaye luphawulwa ubomi inkonzo ende. Konke oku kuye kwaba isiseko ukhuphiswano, ukuze ukususela mzuzu aqala uhlobo namhla 'ezinamaphiko "zothutho yamanzi - a okhuphisana kakhulu ezinye iindlela zokuhamba.

Neraketnye "evuthayo"

"Rocket" yaba isithuthi hlobo nje kuphela. Kuye kwenziwe okokuqala amanzi kule esiyimbali iinqanawa emlanjeni emkhombeni, waza ke kunyaka olandelayo waya isikhephe flight hydrofoil "iVolga". Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oku thupha kwindawo Brussels mboniso, yaye akukho nto: inqanawa wakwazi ukufumana imbasa yegolide.

Amanzi kweminyaka emibini kamva emva "Meteor" yokuqala (omnye analogu le "imijukujelwa") aze emva koko "comet", apho waba ngowokuqala kwisithuba ulwandle olu hlobo nqanawa. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, abantu abaninzi baye babone ukukhanya "I Inqina", "omtsha" kunye "satellites". Ekugqibeleni, lo korablestroitelstva ngowama kule ndawo ekunokuthiwa inqanawa "petrel" - epheleleyo yegesi nqanawa.

Iqhayiya eSoviet Union

ESoviet Union waba isiseko likhulu iinqanawa kwi hydrofoils, nangeendlela ezininzi oko kuqinisekiswa yi kukuba kokukhutshwa "Rocket" wasekwa kakuhle. Kodwa lizwe zange asebenzise ngokwayo yonke into eyenziwe: intengiso zaye tweaked iinqanawa channels aphesheya. Total "evuthayo" ethengiswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo eziliqela elinesibini.

design inqanawa ngamaphiko phantsi kwamanzi kakhulu kusetyenzwa Rostislav Alekseev. "Rocket" - sesinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo ukuba abanekratshi. Inqanawa, yenzelwe eya ukuya weekhilomitha ezimakhulu mahlanu, egwetyelwe yena ngokupheleleyo imali imali ngayo kwaye ihlala nomtsalane unanamhla.

Manufacturing nzulu

Xa isikhephe "Rocket" abonisa iinketho zabo obalaseleyo, ukuthembeka eqinisekisiwe, kwaye kwacaca ukuba amaninzi ngamathuba, urhulumente wagqiba ukuqalisa ngobuninzi kwezi zithuthi. Lo msebenzi unikwe mveliso "Ulwandle", elise Feodosiya. Thile emva wakwazi ukuseka ukuveliswa iinqanawa emizini zilandelayo:

• Leningrad;
• iyavuma;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Volgograd.

Kwathiwa amalungiselelo imveliso kwi kummandla Georgia, kwisixeko kaPotifera.

iinqanawa eziveliswe ithunyelelwa:

• Finland;
• Romania;
• Lithuania;
• China;
• Germany.

Kwaye namhlanje, "imijukujelwa" yiya kweminye kula mazwe. Ekugqibeleni iinqanawa ezininzi iguqulelwa igadi, indawo yokutyela, yokudlela.

Kwaye njengoko yenzelwe?

Xa sijonga indlela umkhombe waba nempumelelo, ekugqibeleni kubonakala ukuba urhulumente ecwangcisiweyo. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene? Le projekthi yaphuhliswa phantsi kweliso Ministry of imikhumbi, ezixhaswa ngurhulumente - oku sisiganeko elingenakuphikiswa. Kodwa iingxelo zembali zibonisa ukuba salindela zokwenene kunye namagosa amathemba nezi imifuziselo zingadityaniswa. Oku kubangelwe ubukhulu becala iingcamango non-standard ezinjalo - Boyika ukuba sonke itshiswe. Kwaye eli lixesha xa kulula kakhulu ukuba sihlale 'abayiqondi ", ezingenakulinganiswa nje kuba inkathazo, kodwa kukhokelela yokuwa epheleleyo.

Kwiinzame konke okusemandleni ethu, a shipbuilder akrelekrele eSoviet Rostislav Alexeyev waphuma waya ubuninzi - ukuyila nokwakha inqanawa kwaye alubonise akukho nabani nakanjani na, kodwa ke xa Khrushchev kwakhe, oko kukuthi, ancamisayo onke amagunya-level elisezantsi. Esi sicwangciso nokulinga wafumana ithuba lokuphumelela kwaye yaphunyezwa ehlotyeni-1957. Inqanawa "phezu kwamaphiko 'kubaneka kuMlambo Moscow, yaye balibeka e marina random, kodwa apho ngokuqhelekileyo wayethanda ukuba ayeke uNobhala Jikelele. Alexeev esimema Nikita Khrushchev ebhodini. Ngoko waqala qubha, leyo ukuba inqanawa ukuba kaHomer. Nditsho ke, ubuso engundoqo eli lizwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba yintoni eyabangela othandwayo abaphulaphuli yogqithe zonke izithuthi. Ewe, kwaye uNobhala Jikelele wachukunyiswa isantya. Kwaba ngoko ukuba ibinzana wazalwa, Bagciniwe mva: "Kwanele kuthi phezu kwemilambo ride iinkomo! Siya kwakha! ".

Imbali ayipheli

Ewe, "evuthayo" babethandwa, baba ikratshi yohlanga, ukuthandwa, aziwayo, bayinqule, ukuba ahlawule imali. Kodwa njengokuba ixesha lihamba, ngokuthe ngcembe iinqanawa yalupheleyo. Kakade ke, ixesha lokuqala kwakulungiswa, kodwa xa Union wempangelo wahamba "longele" wayengekho ukuya iinqanawa. iphelelwe ngezobugcisa kunye nezithuthi umlambo ohlonelwayo. Ngesinye isihlandlo kwabonakala ukuba elizayo kweli cala cishe akukho indlela yokuhamba, ubuncinane hayi kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo.

Kunye kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo saqalisa inkqubo ukuvuselela iinqanawa ilungileyo eSoviet Union - "mijukujelwa". Ke kunye nabo kwagqitywa ukutyala imali kwi "comet" yaye "Meteora". Nangona imeko yezoqoqosho kunokuba nzima kweli lizwe, urhulumente asilela yokwaba imali umsebenzi ukuphucula izithuthi kunye yotshintsho iinqanawa ngeemfuno ngexesha lethu. Sele kusungulwe inkqubo esisodwa, yenzelwe ukuxhasa iNkundla phantsi kwamaphiko ngamanzi. Kwaya Kubalulekile ngowama-2016, xa inqanawa "comet 120m" wayeza ukubonisa ukuba loo nto ayizange ukuya ziingceba.

Kodwa "Rocket" sasilapho kuqala?

Ngoku abambalwa abantu khumbula ngayo, kodwa 'Rocket "wayengekho lilinge lokuqala ukwenza olu hlobo zothutho. Phambi yakhe uphuhliso, bubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuphumeza isantya yokusebenza ilungileyo ngokubeka phantsi kwamaphiko igobhogobho. Ingcamango yokuba isikhephe esinjalo wazalwa kwinkulungwane XIX!

Kutheni na into enengqondo ukwakha phambi kokuba yenziwe Alexeyev? ezazisetyenziswa iinjini umphunga Okokuqala, nto leyo kunokuba yamandla aqingqiweyo. Bona nje ngokwaneleyo ukuphuhlisa isantya apho amaphiko wayeza kuba luncedo. Ngenxa yoko, ngelo xesha zonke yaphela nabakwaziyo nokucingela "njengoko kunokuba." Noko ke, aba maxesha imincili: abaphulaphuli rhoqo wabona zonke iintlobo ezintsha izakhiwo, kwaye nkcukacha ze lwesakhiwo, iinqanawa zimisele iirekhodi, kodwa Kwadlula iinyanga - bamgibisela sele isitya esitsha. Ugqatso kwabonakala obungunaphakade. Xa abantu, inqanawa yokuqala exhotyiswe phantsi kwamaphiko ngamanzi, ebizwa ngokuba "Isele". Nangona wafudukela ngokukhawuleza, kodwa Wakhwela phezu kwamanzi yaye kakhulu ezingazinzanga.

-High speed fleet: kwenzeka njani?

Ngowe-1941, e-Nizhny Novgorod (apho ngaloo mihla kwathiwa Gorky) ithisisi ke injalo kwi-Institute Industrial, azinikele engenayo kunye phantsi kwamaphiko ngamanzi. Umbhali wale projekthi Rostislav Alekseev - lowo "umoya" elizayo Wamkhwelisa eMoscow Khrushchev.

Imizobo babonisa ikhomishini kakhulu emkhombeni ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. Obekumele ukuba asebenze kwi-siseko, ngaphambili okwangoku kodwa wabukhanyisa ubomi. Ihlabathi ngelo xesha nje akazange azikho nantoni na elolo hlobo. Xela ukuba ngubani ejaji wayothuka - ngoko, hayi nesiqingatha ukuvakalisa uvuyo lwabo kunye wothuka.

Amathuba kunye conservatism

Ikhosi diploma Wawuthatha Alekseeva "ezigqwesileyo" kwaye waphefumlela ukuba libhale ingxelo apho kucetywa ukuba zazise le projekthi ebomini. Olu xwebhu ithunyelwe Navy kwaye ifunyenwe kungekudala ukuphendula wesekethe asiphumelelanga azamkelekanga kwaye akanamdla nabayili ezinzulu.

Umalume abadala eSoviet waseManzini kwi igrushechki ukudlalela! Kulungile satyikitya ekupheleni kwe kunokuba ogudileyo ukuba injineli oselula eli binzana: ". Nina kakhulu ngaphambi kwexesha layo"

Xa nokuqhubekela iwina ukungakholwa

Abanye baye phezu zemini Rostislav: kwabakho imfazwe, kwakungekho mali, imeko imeko sabangela kwakunzima, yaye yintoni esongela elizayo elingekude kuyaphi aze bonke kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ngqondweni. Kodwa yingcali mfana zange afune ukuyeka. Ndaphumelela ngonyaka ukususela ileta yokuxolelwa, kwaye ngoku Alekseev wenza wadibana Krylov, ukuba umyili oyintloko kwisityalo, ezizodwa zezithuthi emanzini. Le ndoda onengqondo, ekwaziyo ukuba bakhangele elizayo kwaye ndabona zemizobo iimpawu intuthuko zobunjineli olutsha waza wafuna ukuba bajonge kubo ngokusondeleyo. Emva koko kulandele iminyaka eliqela eladlulayo yemfazwe yaye kungekudala emva koko. abagxeki intlaninge wagxeka le projekthi, kwi njineli asebenza kuyo ngokungakhathali. Kwaye ngo-1957, ekugqibeleni bafika impumelelo yokwenene.

Inqanawa entsha bafumana ukutya ngoko nangoko waya koko saya kwikomkhulu, ngenxa ngengozi - ebudeni bomthendeleko ngamazwe, nto leyo kutyelela intloko karhulumente. Kwiiyure nje ezili-14, le nqanawa kufika kule ndawo, lo gama abaqeshwe ngexesha izikhephe emlanjeni yokugubungela lo mgama malunga ezintathu iintsuku. Kodwa ibali aphuhliswa njani ngakumbi, sele uyazi.

Ingaba elinde Alekseev kuwakrobela onjalo? Mhlawumbi uyavuma. Nangona isikali advance kwakunzima ndiyaqikelela. Ngaba siye silindele ukubuya ngoku iyahlaziywa "Rocket" kwi misele yelizwe lethu? Alithandabuzeki elokuba, yebo. Le nqanawa yaba i yembali kunye lemveli lesizwe ebalulekileyo, yaye nalo isithuthi esibalaseleyo, esebenzayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.