"Bora" - inqanawa enomjukujelwa hovercraft: inkcazelo, iinkcukacha kunye nohlolo

Ubukho RKVP "Bora" ixesha elide akazange isicelo, oko Wayengqongwe umkhusane kuyimfihlo iyonke. Njengoko, ke, izibonelelo ezininzi Russian emkhosini. "Bora" - umkhombe, apho nje abanalo analogue ehlabathini. Ndandifeketha na, né, isantya oko kwazi, Kuphezulu kangangokuba ayinako ukubamba up kwaye nkqu torpedoes homing imijukujelwa. I-Black Sea Fleet iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubanjwa imfundiso, apho RKVP crew uhlangabezana njani nale misebenzi, ukhokela ekulweni kunye imikhombe utshaba oluye.

Ingcamango kwi ngokusekwa lomkhumbi

Ingcinga yokuqala wokudala zikhephe yavela ngethuba Second World War, xa ngowe-1942 amaJamani waphuncuka eCaucasus. E Moscow, xa ibhunga kuxoxwa uyilo Rocket umakhi Chelomeya. isindululo kwakhe - ukuseka izikhephe enomjukujelwa inomzimba ukuhlasela ufakelo ekujoliswe utshaba enkulu. Bonke bavuma ukuba projekthi mbiso ngenene, kodwa elinye ixesha okwethutyana.

Kuphela emva kwemfazwe-odolo Stalin kaThixo VMKB "Diamond" yadalwa 1949. Abasebenzi ajongene nokuphuhlisa iiprojekthi iinqanawa kwi ukuyinciphisa air, yaba yimfihlo, isihloko entsha ngokupheleleyo. Injongo ukwenza super-fast amaphenyane ngezikhali. Ngumqondo yale projekthi kwixesha elizayo yaye babe "Bora" - hovercraft.

Indima ye-Bureau "Almaz"

Ngoko, kwi iLeningrad Design Bureau "Almaz" waqalisa kuvela izimvo - enyusiweyo izindululi ngexabiso nyane ezincinane. Ehlabathini ukuya amatsha Russian ngayo wamnqanda lukholelwe. Kodwa Six Day War ngo-1967 wajika libonakala, emva iphenyane waseYiputa (kwimveliso USSR) ngu imvula enomjukujelwa olunye ithunyelwe ezantsi i ngumtshabalalisi Israeli. A Ixesha elitsha kwi Navy. Kule 70s iinjineli CB "Diamond" phantsi kobunkokheli V. I. koroleva waqalisa ukubeka phambili izimvo phezu indalo wokukhanya izikhephe, catamarans, hovercraft. Oku kwandisa isantya intshukumo, né, invincibility. Umngeni - inkangeleko ngequbuliso, ifuthe kunye zanyamalala efanayo olukhawulezileyo. Ngoko ke wazalwa umkhombe "Bora" hovercraft encinane.

Iimvavanyo zokuqala

Ngokuba lixesha RKVP sokuqala "Bora" yasungulwa ngo-1988, kodwa imeko enzima kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho akavumeli ukuvavanya ngoko nangoko. Inqanawa "Bora" yokuqala yabonisa impumelelo zabo ngo-1991. Kule ndawo Snake Island, ukuba kuLwandle Black, umlilo yokuqala, badlulisa inkathazeko kakhulu yeenkonzo zobuntlola langaphandle. Oku lezithuthi sibonane. New Russian nqanawa yomkhosi, ehamba ngesantya amaqhina-40, lo gama ukuvelisa uqala ngezikhali. Enomjukujelwa imvula ekulungiseleleni imizuzwana nje-30. Ngexesha uvavanyo lokuqala imijukujelwa ezine "Mosquito" iye icinywe ngokupheleleyo wayechithe isikhephe patrol. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi kuqhume unako ukutshabalalisa nkqu inqanawa, kuquka abathwali moya.

nqanawa Small "Bora" yaziwa ngokuba "umbhuqi Elwandle" kuba umsebenzi wakhe ukuba decapitate le fleet, okt ukuba ngegalelo elibulalayo inqanawa engundoqo yotshaba butho. Emva koko, ngesantya ubemde inqanawa zaselwandle, kuzimela kumboniselo yakho.

Ngowe-1991, i-Black Sea Fleet uye hovercraft yayo yokuqala - le "Bora".

Iimpawu lomkhumbi

Umkhumbi ukuhamba iitoni ezili-1050 ze. "Bora" ineenkalo ezinjalo: ububanzi iyonke - 17,2 m, ubude - 65,6 m Draft inqanawa - 3.3 m, xa supercharger idityaniswa-1 m santya siphezulu yi amaqhina 55 ... Umgama ukuphindaphinda ngesantya amaqhina 12 - 2500 neekhilomitha kwi 45 amaqhina - 800 weekhilomitha. Isityalo amandla iquka: 2 GTU M10-1 umthamo we-36 amawaka enjini, amabini idizili M-511A umthamo we-20 amawaka enjini diesel kunye ezimbini M-504 umthamo 6.6 amawaka enjini .... Ngezikhali kuquka yokuqalisa RCC "Mosquito" - 8 3M80 imijukujelwa, imijukujelwa 20 DB SAM "Osa-M", AK-176 - iinkqubo zokudubula mm 76, AK-630 - 30 iinkqubo mm zokudubula. inqanawa irula Small "Bora" igcina liqembu yabantu 68.

Mal basusa

izindlu ezimbini emxinwa (ubude - 64 m, ububanzi - 18 m) zogqunyiwe eqongeni. Xa phambi mshini nebonelela screen. Nokuba ukuphakama yomtshangatshangiso ufikelela ziimitha ezimbini, injini enamandla-60 enjini, ngokuvumela ngesantya amaqhina ukuya ku 55. Ukuba ukuphakama isantya wave 3.5 imitha ekufezile amaqhina 40. inkqubela enoqoqosho inikwa yi-diesel ezimbini. Isantya esiphakamileyo kuvumela inqanawa ukuphepha imijukujelwa capture homing, kwaye balekela torpedoes.

Xa ekudaleni RKVP waboleka sele wazuza amava Oogunyaziwe kunye noshishino imikhumbi kweli ekwakhiweni uhlobo kokwehla wobugcisa "Bison", "Adelia".

Yintoni le yayahlukile RKVP? "Bora" - inqanawa, ukuba iqonga hydrodynamic ukuba kube lula siguqulwe. Nezingenayo sityalo Ukusebenzisa 36. "Bora" - oku catamaran, elawula isantya ukuya amaqhina-20, kwaye ngexesha elinye umkhombe, unako ukuphuhlisa izifundo amaqhina ngaphezu kwama-50. RKVP enoluhlu olubanzi sentshukumo lemo yonxunguphalo, kwaye kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ebudeni beminyaka yokusebenza kwakungekho tyala sikhephe safika kwizibuko bemlandela. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba unako ukuhamba nkqu ophephela icinyiwe ngenxa zenkohlakalo injini-umoya ekupheleni zezulu umqamelo.

RCC "Mosquito"

On ibhodi "Bora" (inqanawa) yeyona ufakelo RCC esabulala "Mosquito." Malunga ngokweenkcukacha. Impembelelo amandla ezi imijukujelwa zidityaniswe ekwaziyo kokutshabalalisa abakumgangatho ophakathi kunye neenqanawa cruisers. Iziqhushumbisi 3M80 "Mosquito" enobunzima eekhilogram 150. Ukuqala uluhlu - ukusuka ngeekhilomitha ezili-10 ukuya kwi-90. irula Iqala uyenyuka, ukwenza ummango, ngoko yehlele kubude-20 m, ekusondeleni ukuya thagethi 7 m ngaphezu amaza kunye ahlangabezana igobhogobho. Polubroneboynaya inxenye kunye namandla omkhulu agciniweyo ukuvumela ukuba zingene nawuphi na umqobo. A dubulo enamandla kwenzeka ngaphakathi. Nokuba welinye icala usebenzisa inkqubo jamming, inkqubo yolawulo oludibeneyo ifumana izinga accuracy eliphezulu ukuya 99%.

"Bora" kwi kwizibuko Turkish ka Sinop

Ngo-2013, eTurkey, kwi CHVMG lokuvula "BLACKSEAFOR", wayemela i Russian Federation "Bora" - rocket yenqanawa ukuba ababetheki kakhulu emoyeni. Iinqanawa eRomania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ukraine bathatha inxaxheba imithambo mathandathu kunye uqheliso. I ingqalelo into oyenzayo? Amaqela ku vangama ka ukuhlasela emoyeni, iintambo zombane ngenxa trawls, ukuhlaselwa reflection iithagethi ezincinane, umbutho konxibelelwano, eqondisa edibeneyo, ulawulo intshukumo yenqanawa zabarhwebi, ukukhangela nokuhlangula elwandle yamaxhoba.

Eli qela wenqanawa "Bora" abonisa icala konke okusemandleni abo. Zonke izenzo phantsi umyalelo Captain 2 Rank Trankovskogo wenziwe kakuhle, ngendlela eziququzelelwe ngokucacileyo - oku kungqinwe izimvo ifune bonke abo wabukela le mithambo.

Xa "Artek"

Xhasa Black Sea Fleet oomatiloshe izithethe, amaziko ukususela leSoviet. Xa kokuphela kolo suku ukuya International Centre "Artek" wafika "Bora" - umkhombe, elisuke laba ikratshi izithuthi zethu. Emva kokwenza combat lamaphulo RKVP "Bora" wema ukuya ahlasela kwiziko labantwana.

Ababekhwele kweso sikhephe waqabela amakhulu abantwana, ukhenketho ezikhethekileyo lwaqhutywa kubo. Omaziyo waba ulwazi kakhulu, ngokukodwa abo baye baphumelela izithuthi yomkhosi wamanzi abantwana "Artek". Apha zemikhosi nokukhululwa abafundi.

Bonke abantwana bavuya ngesiganeko washiya ingxelo yazo HIV emva kokutyelela umkhombe.

Mtheza Traditional, utshintsho lokugqibela International "Artek" nkampu yalikhanyisa ngomlilo waluthathayo philisi, kumiyo baphume emkhombeni "Bora".

"Bora" yaye "Sandstorm"

Ukuthetha ngayo emkhombeni "Bora" hovercraft, ndingasathethi malunga idlelane lakhe. Oku RKVP "Sandstorm". Amabali ayefana. "Sandstorm," omncinane kancinci. "Bora" yaye "Sandstorm" - iinqanawa zohlobo olufanayo ukubayinxalenye udidi imizili hovercraft.

Eyokuqala kungekabekwa enqanaweni "Bora" kwi Zelenodolsk kufuphi Kazan ngo-1984 kule ndawo yokwakhela "Red Metallist". AManzi yasekwa ngo-1987, yaye ngowe-1991 - zifakiwe kwi-Black Sea Fleet.

"Sandstorm" unembali otyebileyo intshukumo. RKVP yasekwa ngowe-1991, bazifinyeza amanzi ngo-1992. Inland wamanzi yadluliselwa kuLwandle Black. Ngowe-1992 - e Kerch, ngo-1993 - in Sevastopol. Ngenxa yezizathu zobugcisa, kulo nyaka nto yaphinda yenziwe Zelenodolsk kumenzi. NgoSeptemba 1994, waya kwiBaltic. Apho ukususela ngo-1996 yaye ngo Baltiysk. Ngokusesikweni, imikhumbi Baltic yaziswa ngo-2000. Ngowe-2002 RKVP kuphela "Sandstorm" liya iBlack Sea Fleet. Waye wajoyina i-41 enomjukujelwa ngesikhephe izicima Black wezithuthi.

Guys abathwele inkonzo ngezi iinqanawa, khumbula kudala iminyaka kwi Navy, eshiya ncomo umbulelo. Umntu uthi inkonzo yaziswa kwaye iya ukufutha umlinganiswa, enye ngonaphakade khumbula uqheliso zomkhosi. Kakade ke, wonk 'uthetha ufudumale malunga kwintsebenziswano kweli qela, ubuhlobo kunye nenkxaso comradely. Ngayo kwezi iinqanawa ezisebenza asakhasayo.

Apho wenza igama "Bora" yaye "Sandstorm"

Kuba amagama izithuthi eSoviet afana "Bora" yaye "Sandstorm", xa efika kuqala kubonakala iyinto exotic. Ngapha koko, inkoliso yabo ngaloo mihla zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo ebizwa ngamagama naziphi abantu zobuqhawe okanye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ukuze kuzukiswe ngeenkongolo Communist Party, iintlanganiso, iinkomfa Komsomol.

Kodwa nantsi ke kanye intsontelo izithuthi bawongwa amagama ezingaqhelekanga ezifana. Buyela kwi 30 lwekhulu lokugqibela, kwaqala ukuvela kwi imikhumbi, patrol (enyanisweni, abonakalisi), amadoda enxibe amagama uqhwithela afana "I Isichotho." Oomatiloshe ebizwa ngoko "division yemozulu engentle." Kuyo Abo bangena kolu ngcelele waqala MRK "I Ngamandla",, project "Storm" "ukugcwala" Ukususela 1234 yaye baqhubeka isithethe enomjukujelwa hovercraft Project 1239 uMyili Korolev ecetywayo ukuba baye kubabiza ngamagama ngesiquphe mimoya yentshabalalo. "Bora" - Black ulwandle squally umoya uvela ngasentla. Ingakumbi enolaka "Novorossiyskaya boron". "Sandstorm" - igama Arabic yomoya oshushu Afrika kuzisa sandstorms strong, nokulala yonke endleleni yayo. Ngenxa yoko, bobabini nqanawa Russian ogama lakhe behlonipha yimimoya enamandla, kunye ngesantya esifanayo usike amanzi olwandle, ngokususa imiqobo.

yayiba

Nangona ulutsha, rocket inqanawa "Bora" ebudeni bobukho bayo, kuye kwenziwa ngakumbi ngaphezu kwekhulu zokudubula kunye imizili firings. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ibhengeze lo RKVP intle ngokunxulumene wakhe, waphumelela amabhaso ezahlukeneyo zonke iintlobo zoqeqesho. Uphila ngokuvisisana negama layo, njengoko "Bora" - a mnqweno enamandla nebangela ukuba kuhlaziywa.

• NgoJuni 2002, saba ulungelelaniso ezininzi kwinqanaba likazwelonke phakathi Ukraine neRashiya, emva koko hovercraft enomjukujelwa, ogama emva kokuba umoya "Bora" yaye "Sandstorm", zinxibelelene wabacimi leenqanawa ubuso Russian Black Sea Fleet
• Novemba 2006. imodeli inqanawa "Bora" yaye kuboniswa le show e Jakarta Indodefence mboniso.
• 2008. Waba wokulungisa yangoku.
• Matshi 2009. K-2 izinto basebenza umsebenzi khosi.
• Meyi 2013. Utyelelo lokuqala ukuya kwizibuko Istanbul. Ukuthatha inxaxheba mboniso IDEF-2013.
• Agasti 2013. inxaxheba ngempumelelo kwi okuvula kunye nokusetyenziswa kuLwandle Black VMG "BLACKSEAFOR".
• 2015. Ukuthatha inxaxheba hero-isixeko Sevastopol imikhosi yomkhosi wamanzi ngomhla Navy.
• Summer 2015. ukulungiswa zangoku enqanaweni ebibanjwe ngempumelelo kakhulu.
• Summer 2016. RKVP "Sandstorm" bafumana Parade Sevastopol ngomhla Navy inxaxheba.