"Borodino" Yabhalwa ngubani na? Imbali umbongo "Borodino"

War Patriotic ka-1812 kude kube ngoku ukuba umzekelo zicacileyo ngokuvela komoya wobuzwe Russian, xa ukuxhathisa ukuhlaselwa lutshaba abantu abamanyeneyo bema, ngaphandle ukwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela kunye nempahla.

Iziganeko zale idabi ephambili kunye nomkhosi uNapoleon, esenzeka e Moscow, wahlala kwinkumbulo yabantu, kwi imizobo lamagcisa kumaphepha kweenoveli kunye nemigca imibongo. Lo mbongo, egqalwa eyona, yaye ubizwa - "Borodino". Ngubani wabhala eli culo kwimibongo ukuba nothando Russian zaziwa ngexesha ekubhiyozeleni isikhumbuzo 25 of Battle of Borodino ngo-1837.

Imbongi, igosa, ngokuthanda uhlanga

Awayemiselwe ukuphila ubomi elifutshane kakhulu, kodwa ke inani kunye isikali shake italente wenza, igama lakhe ngu - phakathi buchopho omkhulu owabhala Russian. Kwaye kwimibongo iprozi wabhala iitekisi ezisixhalabisayo, ukuhlala iinkulungwane ezimbini kamva. Mihail Yurevich Lermontov wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 15 eMoscow ngo-1814.

iingcambu zakhe kwingoma Scottish, wabhala njengoko ukhokho wakhe igosa Spanish Francisco Lerma yenkulungwane XVII, kodwa yena wakhulela kwindawo Russian kunye namajelo eendaba ezingqongileyo ulwimi yayo ngokwenene Russian. Loluthando uncwadi yengqesho, ngokumangalisayo indalo kwemo abe yimfuneko ukuba ukubhala italente Lermontov ngokukhawuleza kwazeka kuyo Russian ukufunda.

Emva kwempumelelo ukufumana imfundo eyunivesithi eMoscow ne St Petersburg, ukuphelisa ungquzulwano kunye nabasebenzi professorial, Lermontov waphumelela kwisikolo zamisa Guards waza waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni. Kamva, ngokutsho memoirs ababephila, yena wahlukile kwimisebenzi zomkhosi eCaucasus, njengegosa okhaliphileyo iingcibi.

Usuku lwe Patriotic War of 1812

Owayephila lokuhlasela uNapoleon yaba siphu- enkulu Lermontov - Pushkin, eminyaka zolutsha ayikwazanga inxaxheba emfazweni, kodwa wayeqhelene ngokusondeleyo ezininzi amaqhawe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Decembrists, ogama iingcinga zibethwa kwabelwane yi Pushkin.

storm Heroes 'ngo-'12' angqongwe kunye Lermontov, isizukulwana ngayo abawinileyo uNapoleon yathatha inxaxheba kubomi yoluntu Russian, abantu abaninzi wayesazi ngokobuqu. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, waphulaphula ngamabali abanye abantu amagqala emfazwe - abalimi. Kwaye apha esuka imbali kokudalwa 'Borodino "umbongo, njengoko wakhe omkhulu-umalume - Afanasiy Alekseevich Stolypin - inxaxheba Idabi Borodino.

"Ndixelele, umalume ..."

Nguye lo mzalwana Elizavety Alekseevny Arsenevoy - uninakhulu wembongi, ngubani bakuziva uMikhail Yurevich wamvusa yaye ekugqibeleni wangcwatyelwa Lermontov Endaweni yakhe emva kokufa imbongi e Kungquzulwano,. Ukususela ekuqaleni kweli phulo Napoleonic Athanasius Stolypin wayeligosa zokudubula, wathuthumela ngo-1807 e-Prussia, ngexesha Idabi Borodino, walwa kwenye yeendawo zishushu - kwi Shevardino redoubt. Eliphawulwe yi Kutuzov yaye wawongwa iingalo zegolide - ikrele kunye nombhalo "Kuba yobuGorha". Captain Athanasios Stolypin inxaxheba kwiphulo phesheya yomkhosi Russian ngo-1814 de emsebenzini wakhe ngokonzakala yayihlonelwa phakathi nabo.

UMikhail ndandiselula ngaphezu kweminyaka bakhe-26, kwaye phakathi kwabo babe nabahlobo kuphuhliswa kunye namalungu eentsapho zabo. Ngoko ke, xa lowo wabhala umbongo "Borodino", owabhala ekuqaleni ukuguquka kwakhe: "Ndixelele, malume," - kuba baninzi, kwacaca apho weva amabali malunga ngaloo mihla ezoyikekayo, ngubani na kwase le ophambili-umbalisi kunye lowo iidilesi yombhali.

"Ibala Borodino"

Ifowuni yokuqala imbongi nomxholo Idabi Borodino kwenzeka ngo-1830, xa wabhala umbongo "Borodino Field." Sele wafumana imifanekiso umxhelo kunye nothelekiso, isicwangciso sovavanyo ukuphakama joni feat, leyo ngebande elinye kunye ngokuphumelela Petra Velikogo kwi Poltava yaye sincedwa amajoni Suvorov. Kodwa ke, imbongi waziva yachukumisa phezu iimfuno ukuphunyezwa enkulu.

Umbongo yokuqala, ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwi amaqhawe ukhetho Borodino Lermontov wabhala kwi-16 leminyaka ubudala. Ukuqwalasela indlela ekhawuleza indoda yakhe italente wembongi, kuyenzeka ukuba azi ukuba ngubani kwafika ixesha engama 25 edabini kufuphi kwilali Borodino, owabhala inguqulelo yokugqibela kulo mbongo. Oku Bakha ngubani wembongi, ngubani ongumnini wabongamela yokwenene versification.

feat abantu

Lo mbongo idumileyo malunga kwimfazwe 1812 yaba sisiphumo vangama kakhulu zibangelwa ekusondeleni engama 25 zokuqala imfazwe kunye uNapoleon. Imbongi wayefuna ukuba baveze izimvo zabo ngoonobangela uloyiso, indima abantu abaqhelekileyo awayenzayo abachatshazelwayo ubunzima zemfazwe.

Ingcamango basic, leyo yanikelwa lo mbongo "Borodino", ilele yokuba umkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo woyiswa nje kuphela inkangeleko esinamandla Kutuzov, hayi kuphela italente yomkhosi kunye nolwazi iinjengele brilliant kunye namagosa, anobukroti zazo zobuqu kunye nesibindi, kodwa yokuba nxamnye yahlaselwa angaphandle yakhwela bonke abantu, ukuba joni Russian luzinzile, ngaphezu umhlaseli ukusuka umkhosi uNapoleon, ukuba ekulweni umoya yomkhosi Russian waba namandla.

Kwaye naku nako, ayikwazanga ukufumana impendulo eluntwini kuyabonwa ukukhanya wokuthand umbongo "Borodino". Ngubani obhale amazwi, zizele isiqulatho ngokomoya, kodwa beka umhlaba kunye nolwimi efikelelekayo, ayikwazanga angaviwa.

indaba isosha

genius Lermontov yamfumana ngendlela emangalisayo ibali elinye iziganeko ebalulekileyo kwimbali Russian - emkhosini kunye nezopolitiko. Ibali ubunzulu elikhulu ixesha lokuqala imfazwe, kokurhoxa, malunga nendlela kopilas intiyo ngenxa utshaba, eqhutywe egameni joni eqhelekileyo iilwimi elula intliziyo-waziva ngendlela ngokuqhelekileyo uthethile.

Le ulwimi ichaza iziganeko zobundlobongela kwi entsimini Borodino: edinayo ulinde kwidabi, uhlaselo bungwanyalala, inkalipho ngokungakhathali lamasoldati ngqwayi kunye nelahleko eyoyikekayo macala omabini. Ilula-ntetho kweziganeko uqinisekisa kuphela inyaniso yebali, unika isiganeko yayinamacala ekhethekileyo.

Malunga Homeland, malunga isibindi, malunga uzuko

ijoni Russian kwakhona kwafuneka ukuba aye phandle entsimini Borodino, akhusela eyinkunzi ngenxa yotshaba. Ngowe-1941, kanye baphinda bayiphosa ilothe ubizo: "Guys musa eh eMoscow kuthi!" - kwaye wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba ngoobani wabhala umbongo "Borodino". Ngapha koko, kuphela yingqondi, i ngokuthanda lokwenyaniso ukwenza umgca ubulungisa kunye namandla. Oko yaba Mihail Yurevich Lermontov.