Inkqubo Ezemfundo - ligama evelayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Inkqubo Ezemfundo - ligama evelayo in Soviet Russia. Oko kuthetha nokutolika njani?

Inkqubo leMfundo - i isiganeko ogama umgomo ukufundisa abadala ukufunda nokubhala. Kwaba intsingiselo ingqiqo kwi eko. Kamva, eli gama liye Ndizuze nombala ngandlel 'ithile.

prehistory

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, iRashiya liqalise indlela yophuhliso mveliso. Kodwa ke inqanaba ngokubanzi olwazi lokufunda nokubhala zabemi ulihlwempu. Phakathi nabemi eSiberia, umzekelo, ukufunda nokubhala ezimbalwa. Ngokutsho manani, kwaba elinye kwalishumi kuphela, ukuba ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo abantwana ukuya iminyaka elithoba. Ngo-1914, inani labantu abafundileyo banda kancinane eRashiya, kodwa imfazwe, indlala kunye nezinye iziganeko ezimbi ziye zakhokelela ekubeni kwakhona inani bancipha.

Ngo 1920, abantu abafundileyo kweli lizwe yaba ncinci kakhulu: abathile thutha, abanye shot. Urhulumente omtsha liqalise isisombululo kule ngxaki: ukuba yamkela umthetho malunga nokusekwa ikhomishini yongxamiseko ukuphelisa nokubhala. Ukususela ngoku, bafunde ukubhala nokufunda ukuba ummi ngamnye.

inkqubo Ezemfundo - ekulweni nokubhala. Kuqala kwinto zonke, oku inkqubo karhulumente iqwalasele kakhulu inwebu labemi - abantwana abangenamakhaya, owayebonakele emva kweMfazwe Civil ezitratweni yelizwe ezininzi. Kwaye kule minyaka baqala imisebenzi kutitshala Makarenko, layifumana kuyimfuneko nje kuphela ukufundisa abantwana izisekelo oonobumba ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa kwakhona ukuba ii nabo ukuya emsebenzini.

Likpunkty

abantwana Street kuthunyelwa ezikolweni yokuhlala ehostele ezizodwa. Kodwa kwakukho abantu abaliqela abangakhange mthetho azenzileyo, ukuba kakhulu ithembekile, kodwa akaba nako nokuba ukubhala igama lakhe. Kuba ukuba ukuseka izikolo.

La maziko babizwa likpunktami, yaye uqeqesho abemi abangaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Le nkqubo kakhulu silandeleke. Uqeqesho kwaqhu- akukho ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezine.

Phantsi ukufunda!

zemfundo kunye sikhokelo methodological ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo phantsi igama inkqubo yokufundisa zadalwa. Baba, njengoko umthetho, iiphamflethi amabinzana gingxi ukufunda kunye nemibongo neembongi Soviet. Ingakumbi kuba ngabameli babasebenzi kunye nabalimi 'udidi ishicilelwe kwenziwa.

Ngowe-1925, nokuphelisa yokungafundi iye yaguquka yaba inkqubo elinikele hayi kuphela yokufunda unobumba-based nokufunda. Ngoku, phantsi kwenkqubo yemfundo Wayesiqonda labantu cebiso ideologically ngokwembono echanekileyo.

Ngu banesifo yokuqala, inani lezikolo nokubhala liye landa izihlandlo eziliqela. La maziko ayengabemi ngaphezu kwezigidi mabini. Njengoko ka-1929 i-USSR ipesenti yabemi nokubhala abaneminyaka iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ukuya amathandathu yayingekho ngaphezu kwe-10%.