Brand esasiphethwe iimoto

Olingene - cishe ulwelo ezingenambala kunye livumba kweempawu ngumbutho oluntsonkothileyo imixokelelwane ezizizembiwa nezahlukileyo kubume. Ukusuka kwezi ntambo, kuthiwa amaqhezu iimpawu amafutha ixhomekeka: abilayo kunye qhwa, hexa kunye nezinye iimpawu.

production olingene

Olingene yimveliso ye nokusulungekiswa oyile. Inombolo octane, kwakunye ucoceko, imisela uphawu zepetroli. Iindlela eziphambili ngokuvelisa olu hlobo amafutha - into oguqukayo, ngokuhlaziya kunye sublimation ngqo.

Olingene nayo olulungiswe iigesi zendalo ezinxulumene, amalahle shale. Oku kusetyenziselwa kuphela njengokuba amafutha kodwa nje kuphela, yaye yokuhlamba extractor, izinto kwishishini petrochemical le.

Nangona uluhlu kunokuba olubanzi kwizicelo, ngaphezulu kwama-90% zepetroli ehlabathini isetyenziswa kukudla injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zepetroli: ngenqwelomoya nezeemoto.

Brand olingene ingohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba umgangatho: eliphezulu oko kukuthi, iingxaki ngaphantsi kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa besithuthi.

Inkqubo esisiseko yokuvelisa ipetroli - inkqubo genge, nto leyo nokusulungekiswa petroleum yesibini. Ngexesha ngokuhlaziya hydrocarbon enzima ezidiliziweyo, nokwandisa umthamo kulwelo ogqityiweyo ngama-60%. nokuqhekeka thermal ikhutshwa phandle kubushushu kwama-500 ^{° C,} ngoko ke uphawu zepetroli kunye octane olungu-70.

Namhlanje, zidliwe Aviation kunye nezixhobo Automotive ziveliswa izicokisi yafakelwa izixhobo ezenzekelayo. I-oyile engenayo kuxutywe kubo, babemkhusela yaye zigcinwe kwamatanki ezizodwa. Ithi ke phantsi ekuhlanjweni, emzimbeni kunye ulwelo. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi ipetroli tye-run, ebonakala uzinzo eliphezulu imichiza yi. Ulwelo zicocwa, nesulfure isusiwe ukusuka ukwakhiwa kwawo, kwandisa intsebenzo octane.

Ukusetyenziswa lokuqala gasolines tye-run ukuba ukwandisa amandla injini kunye nokusebenza, kodwa iinzuzo baba emfutshane: umxube zamafutha liqhuma egumbini yokutsha xa afudunyezwe ucinezelo. Detonation yemveliso efumaneka abe ngunobangela ukusilela motor. Isisombululo sale ngxaki kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezikhethekileyo - anti-kunkqonkqozwa. Eyona isebenzayo kubo tetraethyl phambili. Ngenxa yoko, ukumelana detonation zepetroli baqalisa kuvavanywa octane, yaye bamkela igama lebrendi. Oku kumiselwa ngeendlela ezininzi - uphando, iimoto kunye nobushushu.

Iimfuneko umgangatho zepetroli

Njengoko moya nabahamba kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile eyamiselwa iindwendwe ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza eliphezulu. Phakathi kwezi nqobo ngabo eziphambili ezintlanu:

1. kuqamba fraction.
2. Uzinzo nokwakheka kwemichiza.
3. Hexa.
4. Ukumelana detonation.
5. Kuxhaphake ukuba ukuyilwa uthuthu lweziko.

kuqamba fraction

kuqamba fraction usebenzisa iziphumo functionality weenjini, luphawulwa ngeempawu ezininzi. Eyokuqala kwezi - lobushushu voice. Ichaphazela ipesenti eziphelweni ukukhanya. I elisezantsi oko, kokukhona amaqhezu kufuneka iqulathwe amafutha. Kulo mzekelo izixa ezikhulu kakhulu kunokukhokelela lock umphunga.

Nowesibini, nowesithathu - ixesha elichithwa ukuzifudumeza injini, yaye iqondo banxibe cylinder kunye Pistons. Iqondo lobushushu kuma kwakhona ibe nempembelelo ebonakalayo kwezi parameters, ngoko ke ubume iqhezu kwahlukile kumabakala ihlobo nobusika zepetroli. Poor olingene hexa kunokubangela ukungena kwigumbi omlilo futhi crankcase iqhezu yayo engamanzi leyo ebangela ukuba amachiza e-oli yenjini kunye nokungaphumeleli injini.

uzinzo Chemical

It kuyahlukana nedlela izinga igcwala ohlukileyo amafutha, kwaye kungabangela ukuvela kwi iiplagi, iivelufa kunye nezinye iiyunithi injini umlotha. uzinzo Chemical zepetroli - ukukwazi layo ukugcina iimpahla zazo, kungakhathaliseki bume.

evaporability

Uchaza amandla olingene Kwathi ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kurhulumente sukube egalelwe nomoya ukwenza umxube enokutsha. Hexa kuchaphazela kokuqalisa injini, kuxhomekeka ukwakhiwa iqhezu zepetroli.

iipropati detonation

Ukukwazi zepetroli hayi phemba xa zixinaniswe. Le mba we detonation - hayi emnandi nibe, kuba oko kunokukhokelela nobushushu le injini kunye nomonakalo. Le parameter kuxhomekeke kuphela kulwakhiwo amafutha, kodwa kuyilo injini.

ungcolisa

Ekhona kule nentlaka nokwakhiwa zepetroli ukuba imzisele ungcolisa. Amaninzi oko ekufakwa ngalo isiBeki, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni amafutha, kunciphise amandla kunye nezinye iingxaki. Nqanda isahlakalo yesibambiso aokusetyenziswa ngokongeza kudla ezizodwa.

olingene

Zamafutha ophawulwe ngokuxhomekeke kwinani octane: eliphezulu oko kukuthi, kokukhona kwinkcaso detonation amafutha, ngokulandelelana, oko linokusetyenziswa injini ngaphandle kokuba ucinezelo umlinganiselo ophezulu umxube amafutha. Umzekelo:

• inombolo octane Motor, indlela elingekho ngaphantsi kwe 76 - ipetroli A-76.
• Olingene 80 - octane rating of ubuncinane 80.
• Olingene 92 - octane inani ubuncinane 92.
• Olingene AI-95 - octane, ngokulandelelana, hayi ngaphantsi kwe-95.

Motor olingene ephawulwe ileta "A" moya - unobumba "B", amanani ngokulandelelana inani layo index okanye octane. Ukuba, phambi kokuba isalathisi le leta "Mna", oko kuthetha ukuba inani octane uphando kulinganiswa indlela. Ukungabikho lencwadi ithi malunga nokusetyenziswa indlela motor.

ukusetyenziswa Practical zepetroli kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ezingundoqo - ukuxhathisa detonation. Inombolo octane evakalisa olu khetho ukuba motor ipetroli. Aviation fuel lingcono ibonisa iipropati yayo anti-kunkqonkqozwa.

Brand kweemoto ipetroli zihlelwa kanye kule ndawo. Kuba ipetroli Aviation emva kokuba ileta "B" - umzekelo, B / -100 / 130 - lubonise octane grade yepetroli uba elingezantsi. Ukwandisa ukumelana ipetroli detonation kungenziwa ngokudibanisa ukuya ongeziweyo zaso ukwakheka - lead tetraethyl.

fuel lokumakishela

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amazwe ico wenza iintlobo ezininzi zepetroli of amabakala ahlukeneyo: ehlotyeni, ebusika, ayitshi, unleaded kunye maloetilirovannyh.

amanqaku olingene ayitshi ukuba zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo, umzekelo, A-72 pink, AI-93 - red-orenji, AI-98 - oluhlaza.

Kumazwe angaphandle, yayanele ifumaneka yemiyinge ezinkulu ezimbini: "Premium" kwibanga lokuqala RON 97-98 kwaye "rhoqo" grade yesibini RON 90-94. EUnited States, iBritani kunye namanye amazwe ukuze ukuvelisa amafutha "Super", inani octane yayo 99-102.

Ngomhla umbuzo ibinjani zepetroli kubhetele, akakwazi ukuba iphendulwe ngokucacileyo into yokuba: ngesithuthi ngasinye esisetyenziswa kwibakala elithile zepetroli. Iimoto amazwe umenzi icebisa ukusetyenziswa amafutha, inani octane ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 91-92, iimoto kwakhiwa 90 - kunye octane olungu-ubuncinane 94.

olingene uphawu zepetroli uhlobo kunye nomgangatho wayo egqitywe umxholo kuhlanganiselo alkalis, ii-asidi, isalfure khompawundi oganikhi kunye isidanga yongcoliseko. Rhoqo, i ico garaji ukuba kwaqutyiswana nawo amafutha osezantsi-grade, ukusetyenziswa leyo enokukhokelela yokonakala phambi kwexesha kunye nokungaphumeleli zemoto.

iinjini Modern yokuvutha kwangaphakathi bawuhloniphe kunye nezincomo umvelisi malunga zamafutha asetyenziswe: ukugcwalisa kwibakala ipetroli kucacise umenzi yeyunithi bamandla kuphela. Oku kungenxa iqondo ucinezelo umxube amafutha, uyilo injini kunye nesilinda umthamo. Umzekelo, kokukhona ucinezelo kunye ukutshiswa kwigumbi volume, kungona amafutha octane rating. Per isabelo kwi hundredths ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu of ucinezelo kuyimfuneko, njengoko abayili, iyunithi yenombolo octane.