Burlak - ikhoboka okanye umsebenzi professional

Igama elithi "haulers" kwi baseRashiya mihla ntonye nemikhosi yabantu elineentshebe ediniwe iimpahla yakrazukileyo baqhubeka bezama ukutsala umtya kunye isikhephe, ebekwe kwenye ngasemva yokudweba iikulya Repin kaThixo "Barge Haulers kwi iVolga". Ngelo xesha linye bamele ukuba becula "Owu, Dubinushka, Uhnem!". Lifikile ixesha lokuba ukufumana iinkcukacha ngakumbi hauler - umkhonzi okanye umsebenzi eyiyo?

Imbali ingenzeka burlachestva

Umsebenzi "hauler" eyayikho eRashiya kwixesha ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwele-19. Imbonakalo yayo ngenxa features emlanjeni inqanawa, eyile yokuba nshita elwandle zonke emlanjeni eliqukuqela. Ngoko ke, ukuba umkhombe wakwa kwafuneka ukuba idade nxamnye ekhoyo emlanjeni, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba kubekho indlela bemlandela.

Ukhetho kakuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa njengoko burlaks idrafti ungamandla watagami ukuba zinyuswe bethwele intambo bayidiliza phezu isitya "eliphezulu lamanzi". Sinokuthi ukuba iRussia tsarist kunye burlachestvo yayo serfdom yaba icandelo lonke uqoqosho. Burlak - ngumsebenzi onzima, apho wafumana imali ayikho yonke into.

kwemfuno boatmen

Ingakumbi Burlatskii Artel zaye zasasazeka ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18, xa kwande-ekuthiwa Bark - impahla ezilahlwayo yeplanga floatable ethwele ukuya tonnes 480 kunye nobude phantse-50 eemitha.

Ukusetyenziswa Umsebenzi Burlatsky ngcembe waqalisa ukuba bashiye emva yenziwe traction ngomphunga. Kuphela nje ixesha elifutshane ehamba izithuthi umlambo umsebenzi emantla boatmen omlambo latshintshwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kunxweme amazwe zihleli phambili kwicala intshukumo benqanawa mgama, emva koko encothula up inqanawa nge sokutsala into ngentambo. boatmen Imbali iqala ngenkulungwane ye-16. Ngoko ke, ebudeni ubukho komsebenzi babulala amadoda amaninzi kakhulu.

Isisombululo olukhethekeliyo urhulumente waseSoviet lakuphelisa ukusetyenziswa boatmen ngo-1929 ukuya bemlandela imikhumbi komlambo. Burlatskii bakhumbula sibhalwe ngexesha Second World War, xa imfuneko wayibona ngayo aze amtsalele kuye.

Iimpawu Burlatskii umsebenzi

Nomncedisi kuphela abasebenzi lomlambo fleet waba umoya ngokungenasheyi, nto leyo bavuthela umkhumbi avuswe. Ngokuqhelekileyo amaxolo, okunxamnye ke banduluka Burlatskii gang ngoku, imini enye soyise malunga 12 neekhilomitha.

Hi ndlela leyi, "Owu, Dubinushka ..." - oku nje ingoma ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Enyanisweni, ngendlela efana haulers ekuququzeleleni imikhosi zabo, xa ixolo wavukayo ezantsi ankile kunye isikhephe joint ekugqibeleni. Ngelo xesha, kwakufuneka basebenze nzima kakhulu. Intsingiselo yegama elithi "hauler" ilula - umntu osebenza ifama, leyo olawula inkundla.

Akuphelelanga ekubeni umsebenzi wabantu kule umsebenzi obungabangeli mdla, ngaphandle ke kuyakhathaza kakhulu. Ezi nkcukacha yeyokuba yena waba umlinganiswa yamaxesha amisiweyo: entwasahlobo uye ekwindla, ie ixesha lokuhamba. Noko ke, asingabo bonke ezula haulers ubusika. Ndiphuma background yamahlwempu babuyela kwiilali zabo ekhaya. Phakathi iingcali, okanye boatmen "zemveli" phesheya abasebenzi athile bebeqeshwe kuphela moya elinye.

Ngeendleko umntu othe Burlatskii Artel

Burlacu ongabanga ukusuka ubomi obulungileyo. Baba kakhulu abalimi abanemivuzo ephantsi kakhulu. Omnye umthombo Posad babengabameli amahlwempu kunye neklasi esezantsi abemi, kubandakanywa ezingafakwanga kumaxwebhu obhaliso lwabafundi yaye ndasinda iinkosi zabo. Ngokubanzi, ifama bezele ubunzima olunabantu nako ungaqondi ngokwayo nayiphi na enye indlela. Sahlawula ngomsebenzi onzima ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, maxa wambi waqesha nje ukutya. Burlak - ke anisezizo izicaka, kodwa umsebenzi Ngenxa yeqhekeza lesonka kulinganiswa lo msebenzi yindinisa ebukhobokeni.

Ngaphambi 1861 uyekwa ngokusesikweni serfdom kuBukhosi Russian, kwabanini ngokufuthi lwamkelwa haulers abo ngamakhoboka ababa amatyala. Burlak - an uvumo ubudala, nto leyo maxa wambi ukunika isohlwayo.

Ukubhiyozela Mardi Gras, eqhutywa poverty la madoda bagaleleka "Burlatskii" iimalike, apho kubhalwe kule fama. Le nto inkulu kule ngumamkeli kucingwe Puchezh isixeko kwi iVolga River (ngoku kummandla Ivanovo). "Zitrato" isikali ezincinane ezibe Nizhny Novgorod, Kineshma, Kostroma, Saratov, Samara, kunye nezinye izixeko ezikhulu eziliqela. Ngomhla kweenxweme Kama River, nto leyo kwi Urals Western, ezo ngongoma kwakukho isixeko Perm, laseLayishe kunye Chistopol. ebizwa-Ngoko burlaks eyinkunzi waba Rybinsk (kummandla Iaroslavskaia) apho bade eliSisikhumbuzo Burlaku ifakiwe.