Chemistry: oxides, ukuhlelwa kwazo kunye neepropati

Oxides, ukuhlelwa kwazo kunye neepropati - sisiseko kwale nzululwazi ebalulekileyo, ngathi ngemichiza. Baqala ukufunda kunyaka wokuqala ukufundisa chemistry. Zenzululwazi eqinileyo efana nezibalo, physics kanye chemistry, zonke izinto enxulumene enye kwenye, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba izinto undigested ithetha ukuswela ukuqonda umyalelo omtsha. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo yaye oxides kulo ukuzulazula sifundo. thina ngalo eli nani namhlanje kwaye izakuzama ukuthetha ngakumbi.

Yintoni na igesi?

Oxides, ukuhlelwa kwazo kunye neepropati - yiloo nto kufuneka uqonde kubalulekile. Ngoko ke, yintoni na oxides? Ngaba Usakhumbula na esikolweni?

Oxides (okanye oxyls) - ezi zizinto ezintsonkothileyo yebhayinari ezimbaxa athom yabhalwa element electronegative (ngaphantsi electronegative ngaphezu oksijini) kunye oksijini igcwala karhulumente -2.

Oxides - ukuba izinto emangalisayo eqhelekileyo kwiplanethi yethu. Imizekelo iikhompawundi oxidic: amanzi, umhlwa, ezinye colorants, isanti kunye carbon dioxide.

Ukwenziwa oxides

Oxides zingafunyanwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. oksayidi ukwakhiwa kwakhona befunda ngenzululwazi, efana ngemichiza. Oxides, ukuhlelwa kwazo kunye neepropati - yiloo nto kufuneka ukuba izazinzulu ukuba ukwazi ukuqonda oku okanye oko kwasekwa ngayo oxide. Umzekelo, ukuba eziqulunqwe uqhagamshelwano ngqo i-atom (okanye athom) ioksijini kunye element kwemichiza - impefumlelwano na imichiza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukwakheka engangqalanga oxides, oko xa oxides akhiwa yokubola asidi, iityuwa okanye iziseko.

ngezigaba oxides

Oxides kunye nokuhlelwa lwabo luxhomekeke ke benziwa ngayo. Xa yokuhlelwa yayo yonke oxides bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini, owokuqala leyo netyuwa, iSayensi neThekhinoloji, kunye nesoleobrazuyuschie yesibini. Ngoko ke, thatha sijonge omabini amaqela.

Salt-ukwakha oxides - ukuba kakhulu iqela elikhulu, lwahlulwe lwaba oxides amphoteric okanye esidi esisiseko. Ngenxa nayiphi na impendulo lwekhemikhali, ityuwa ukwakha oxides benza iityuwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le oxides ityuwa-yakheka ziquka metal nezinto nonmetal, zona ngenxa yokusabela imichiza namanzi ukwenza asidi, kodwa zakudibana neziseko ukwenza asidi ehambelana kunye neetyuwa.

oxides Nesoleobrazuyuschie - oxides ezinjalo kukuba indlela yemichiza aluyiyo i ityuwa. Imizekelo oxides ezinjalo kuba oxides ye-nitrogen kunye carbon.

oxides amphoteric

Oxides, ukuhlelwa kwazo kunye neepropati - kubaluleke kakhulu iingqiqo chemistry. Ukwakheka ityuwa-ukwakha kubandakanya oxides amphoteric.

oxides Amphoteric - zezo oxides anokuba iipropati ezisisiseko okanye emuncu, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ze ekudibaneni kwemichiza (umboniso amphoteric). Ezi oxides akhiwa iintsimbi sethutyana (ubhedu, isiliva, negolide, intsimbi, ruthenium, Tungsten, uRutherford, titanium, yttrium, kunye nabanye abaninzi). oxides Amphoteric azithethelele asidi eyomeleleyo, ngenxa yokusabela lwekhemikhali, zakha ityuwa kwezi asidi.

oxide asidi

oxides emuncu okanye anhydrides - ezi oxides e ekudibaneni kwemichiza apho ukubonisa iimpawu asidi, kunye nefom ioksijini-equlethe acid. Anhydrides zisoloko wabumba boqobo ezingezo-iintsimbi kwakunye ezinye imichiza yenguqu.

Oxides, ngokuhlelwa imichiza iimpawu zabo - ezi izinto ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, oxides emuncu iimpawu yemichiza eyahlukileyo kakhulu amphoteric. Umzekelo, ukuba acetic idityaniswe namanzi ukwenza esihambelanayo acid (ngaphandle kwe SiO2 - dust). Le anhydrides azithethelele alkalis, yaye ngenxa ngayo loo iyekelela ngamanzi kunye nesoda. Xa abasabela ngayo ityuwa kunye oxides ezisisiseko kwakhiwa.

acetic esisiseko

Eziphambili (ngokuba "siyimise") oxides - a metal oxide imichiza kunye namachibi States of +1 okanye phinde ngo 2. Ezi ziquka awana, izinyithi obrak umhlaba, kwakunye wemagniziyam imichiza element. oxides Basic lwahlukile kwabanye ukuba bayakwazi azithethelele asidi.

oxides Basic basabela isakudityaniswa nee-asidi, ngokuchaseneyo oxides emuncu, kananjalo ngealkali, amanzi, ezinye oxides. Ngenxa yezi reactions jikelele kwakheka iityuwa.

iimpawu oxides

Ukuba uhlola indlela oxides ezahlukeneyo, unako ukwenza izigqibo zabo ngezinto iipropati imichiza oxyls ngenkululeko. impahla jikelele chemical zonke oxides ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo redox.

Kunjalo, bonke oxides zahlukile enye kwenye. Ucalulo neempawu oxides - bona imixholo ezimbini ezinxulumeneyo.

oxides Nesoleobrazuyuschie kunye neempawu zazo khemikhali

oxides Nesoleobrazuyuschie - liqela enjalo oxides, engaquki ukubonisa nayiphi na kwiipropati emuncu okanye ezisisiseko okanye amphoteric. Ngenxa ekudibaneni kwemichiza kunye oxides akukho iityuwa nesoleobrazuyuschimi yenziwe. Ngaphambili, le oxides nje ngokuba nesoleobrazuyuschimi kwaye ongenandaba indiffirentnymi, kodwa la magama musa kunxibelelana oxides iipropati nesoleobrazuyuschih. Xa iimpawu zazo ezi oxyls ncam ekwaziyo ekudibaneni kwemichiza. Kodwa oxide nesolebrazuyuschih incinane kakhulu, bona akhiwa monovalent kunye divalent non-iintsimbi.

Kwezi oxides ityuwa-ukwakha oxides nesoleobrazuyuschih nga eziqulunqwe yokusabela imichiza.

nokuhlelwa

Phantse zonke oxides ibizwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: igama elithi "oxide", kulandele kwemichiza gama kwimeko genitive. Umzekelo, Al2O3 - i alumina. Kule ulwimi yemichiza oxidizing ifundeka ngolu hlobo: aluminiyam malunga 2 3. Ezinye iziqalelo, ezifana ngobhedu, kusenokuba izidanga ezininzi oksileniya, ngokulandelelana, oxides uya kuba ezahlukeneyo. Ke Čuo oxide - yi lobhedu oxide (emibini), ngamanye abanesidanga oksileniya 2 Cu2O oxide - yi oxide ubhedu (ezintathu), nto leyo unezinga oksileniya 3.

Kodwa kukho ezinye oxides apha ebekwe yi inani athom oksijini ezimbaxa. Monoxide monoxide okanye kubiza oxides ezinjalo, leyo iqulathe kuphela oksijini atom enye. Dioxides kubiza oxyls ezinjalo, equlethe athom ezimbini umoya ingxelo isimaphambili "di". Trioxide kubiza oxides ezinjalo, equlethe athom ezintathu oksijini. Ezifana amagama njengoko monoxide, dioxide kunye trioxide, baba lixesha, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi zifumaneka iincwadi zezifundo, iincwadi kunye nezinye izinto.

Kukho kwakhona ekuthiwa-ezingenamsebenzi amagama oxides, oko kukuthi, abo ezithe zabakho ngokwembali. Umzekelo, CO - into oxidized okanye carbon monoxide, kodwa ekhemisi elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba into kunye carbon monoxide.

Ngoko ke oksayidi - yikhompawundi oksijini kunye element imichiza. Inzululwazi esisiseko izifundo nokudaleka kunye nentsebenziswano, kuba chemistry. Oxides, zokuhlela kunye neempawu zazo - ezimbalwa zihloko ezibalulekileyo inzululwazi chemistry, engaqondi ukuba awukwazi ukuqonda nantoni na enye. Oxides - kuba iigesi, kunye neeminerali, kunye Ithatyathwe emigutyeni. Ezinye oxides baxabisa esazi ngokweenkcukacha oosonzululwazi kuphela, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo, eneneni kusenokuba yingozi ubomi kulo mhlaba. Oxides - isihloko umdla kakhulu kwaye kakhulu kulula. iikhompawundi oksayidi aqhelekile kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla.