Oxides Amphoteric. Iipropati imichiza, inkqubo yokulungiselela

oxides Amphoteric (ukuba iipropati kabini) - ezininzi oxides iimeko iintsimbi kwako electronegativity eliphantsi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko yangaphandle ukubonisa nayiphi oxide asidi okanye iipropati. Ezi oxides akhiwa iintsimbi inguqu, apho ngokuqhelekileyo ebonisa ithi igcwala ilandelayo: ll, LLL, lv.

Imizekelo oxides amphoteric: zinc oxide (ZnO), chromium oxide LLL (Cr2O3), aluminiyam oxide (Al2O3), oxide ll tin (SnO), nebhekile oxide lv (SnO2), ukukhokela oxide ll (PBO), ukukhokela oxide lv (PbO2) , titanium oksayidi lv (TiO2), manganese oxide lv (MnO2), intsimbi oxide LLL (Fe2O3), beryllium oxide (BeO).

Indlela abasabela imifuziselo oxides amphoteric:

1. Le oxides ukuze zisenokuxabana asidi kakhulu. Kule fom iityuwa zezi asidi efanayo. Asabela ngayo hlobo ibonakalisa iimpawu uhlobo esisiseko. Umzekelo: ZnO (zinc oxide) + H2SO4 (zehydrochloric acid) → ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + H2O (amanzi).

2. Xa indlela kunye oxides alkalis amphoteric womelele, hydroxides babonise iipropati emuncu. Kule mbini kweepropati (ngamanye amazwi, amphoteric) esibonakaliswa ekubunjweni neetyuwa ezimbini.

Xa zinyibilikile ukusabela kunye ityuwa kwealkali yenziwe i-avareji eziqhelekileyo, umzekelo:
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2NaOH (Sodium hayidroksayidi) → Na2ZnO2 (ityuwa normal kuthetha) + H2O (amanzi).
Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (Sodium hayidroksayidi) = 2NaAlO2 + H2O (amanzi).
2Al (OH) 3 (aluminiyamu hayidroksayidi) + 3SO3 (sulphur oxide) = Al2 (SO4) 3 (aluminiyamu sulfate) + 3H2O (amanzi).

Isisombululo oxides amphoteric ukusabela ngealkali ukwenza i ityuwa entsokothileyo, umzekelo: Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (Sodium hayidroksayidi) + 3H2O (amanzi) + 2Na (Al (OH) 4) (a ityuwa entsonkothileyo sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat).

3. Nganye nayiphi oxide metal amphoteric inenombolo nolungelelaniso. Umzekelo ukuba zinc (Zn) - 4, aluminiyamu (Al) - 4 okanye 6, ngokuba chromium (CR) - 4 (ezinqabileyo) okanye 6.

4. Amphoteric oksayidi modem ngamanzi kwaye akumele kubenze kuyo.

Ziziphi reactions zingqina metal amphoteric?

Kakhulu ukuthetha, i-elementi amphoteric unakho ukubonisa iimpawu zombini isinyithi kunye nonmetals. Loo Uphawu ekhoyo kwi iziqalelo A-Amaqela: Yiba (beryllium), Ga (kaLayishe waseGalim), Gen (germanium), Sn (tin), PB, WO (kwistibhiya), isi (bismuth), kunye nabanye, kwakunye ezininzi izinto B -groups - i Kr (chromium), MN (manganese), Fe (intsimbi), Zn (zinc), Z (isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe), kunye nabanye.

Ngoku hlolani ekudibaneni kwemichiza amphoteric iikhemikhali ielementi zinc ilandelayo (Zn):

1. Zn (OH) 2 (zinc hayidroksayidi) + N2O5 (dinitrogen pentoxide) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinc nitrate) + H2O (amanzi).
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinc nitrate) + H2O (amanzi).

b) Zn (OH) 2 (zinc hayidroksayidi) + Na2O (sodium oxide) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (amanzi).
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2NaOH (Sodium hayidroksayidi) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (amanzi).

Xa kunjalo, ukuba element kunye iimpawu exananazileyo ezimbaxa sele igcwala ulandelayo, (amphoteric) Iipropati zalo ezimbini kakhulu ngokuphawulekayo kwenzeke igcwala inyathelo eliphakathi.

Njengoko umzekelo kungenziwa Chrome (CR). Le element iye igcwala ithi zilandelayo: 3+, 2+ 6+. Kwimeko kwiipropati ezintathu ezisisiseko kunye emuncu ichazwa malunga ngokulinganayo, ngelixa iipropati ezisisiseko y Kr-phinde ngo 2 nakweyisa, yaye Cr +6 - acid. Nazi esisabela ubungqina le ngxelo:

Cr + 2 → CrO (chromium oxide-phinde ngo 2), CR (OH) 2 → CrSO4;
Cr + 3 → Cr2O3 (chromium oxide +3), CR (OH) 3 (chromium hayidroksayidi) → KCrO2 okanye chromium sulphate Cr2 (SO4) 3;
Cr + 6 → CrO3 (chromium oxide +6), H2CrO4 → K2CrO4.

Kwiimeko ezininzi kubakho oxides amphoteric of imichiza kwi igcwala zikarhulumente +3 ngendlela meta. Njengoko umzekelo zinokoyanyaniswa: aluminium hayidroksayidi oxide (formula yemichiza Alo (OH) kunye metahydroxide yentsimbi (chemical feo (OH) ifomula) ...

Njani oxides amphoteric?

1. Indlela elula kunazo ukulungiselela yabo imvula evela isisombululo zolwelo usebenzisa ammonium hayidroksayidi, oko kukuthi isiseko obuthathaka. Umzekelo:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminiyamu nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (zolwelo nesisombululo ammonia ukuphilisa) = Al (OH) 3 (oxide amphoteric) + 3NH4NO3 (reaction lwenziwa phantsi ubushushu degrees ezimashumi mabini).
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminiyamu nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (zolwelo ammonium hayidroksayidi) = Alo (OH) (oxide amphoteric) + 3NH4NO3 + H2O (asabela eyenziwa kwi-80 ° C)

Xa indlela exchange yale hlobo kwimeko obugqithisileyo kwealkali aluminiyam hayidroksayidi akayi kwenze. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-aluminiyamu kuya anion ngenxa iimpawu zayo ezimbini: Al (OH) 3 (aluminiyamu hayidroksayidi) + OH- (kwealkali excess) = [Al (OH) 4] - (aluminiyamu hayidroksayidi anion).

Imizekelo yale ndlela yokusabela:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminiyamu nitrate) + 4NaOH (excess sodium hayidroksayidi) = 3NaNO3 + Na (Al (OH) 4).
ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + 4NaOH (excess sodium hayidroksayidi) = Na2SO4 + Na2 (Zn (OH) 4).

Iityuwa ezo akhiwa ngexesha elinye, ukuba iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo. Ziquka anions ezinzima: (Al (OH) 4) - yaye omnye (Zn (OH) 4) 2-. Ngoko ndabiza ityuwa: Na (Al (OH) 4) - sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat, Na2 (Zn (OH) 4) - sodium tetragidroksotsinkat. iimveliso Reaction ye-aluminiyam okanye zinc oxides kunye kwealkali eziqinileyo ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo: NaAlO2 - sodium dioksoalyuminat kunye Na2ZnO2 - sodium dioksotsinkat.