Nitric oxide (I, II, III, IV, V): Properties, Ukulungiselela, isicelo

isingeniso

Ukuba ngenyameko Jonga nitrogen kwi ngamaxesha itheyibhile imichiza D. I. Mendeleeva, sinako ukubona ukuba sele Valence variable. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-nitrogen yakha iikhompawundi eziliqela yokubini mpilo. Ezinye zazo ziye osandukulivula, yaye ezinye - walukhenketha ubude nobubanzi. Kukho zaneleyo kwenitrojeni oluzinzileyo ukumelana. Iimpawu imichiza nganye ezi zihlanganisi zahluke kakhulu, kodwa izifundo zabo mazithathwe oxides ubuncinane ezintlanu initrogen. Leyo ngazo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kwinqaku yanamhlanje.

nitric oxide (I)

Formula - N ₂ O. Ngamanye amaxesha kubiza oksonitridom initrogen, dinitrogen oxide, oxide okanye igesi ehlekisayo.

izakhiwo

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo fanekisela igesi ezingenambala ukuba livumba elimnandi. It iyanyibilika amanzi, ethanol, iEtere, kwaye sulphuric acid. Ukuba gazobrazny oksayidi monovalent nitrogen ukufudumala ku lobushushu igumbi phantsi koxinzelelo of umoya-40, oko lushwankathela ukuya ulwelo enemibala. Le oxide nesoleobrazuyuschy abole ngexesha ubilisa kwaye bembonisa ngokwayo indlela njenge arhente yokunciphisa.

indawo yolwamkelo

Le oksayidi kwakheka xa itshiswa owomileyo ammonium nitrate. Enye indlela lokulungiselela layo - yokubola thermal umxube "+ sulfamic nitric acid".

isicelo

Isetyenziswa njengendlela inhalation zomzimba, ishishini ukutya uyazi le oxide njengoko isongezo E942. Ngayo kwakhona uphucula iimpawu zobugcisa iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi.

nitric oxide (II)

Formula - NO. Oku kwenzeka phantsi amagama zenitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide kunye nitrosyl olukhulu

izakhiwo

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, it has uhlobo igesi ezingenambala ukuba ayiqondakali enyibilikayo emanzini. Kunzima ukuba liquefy, kodwa ithi eziqinileyo kwaye elulwelo, le nto iye umbala oluhlaza. Le oksayidi ukuze oxidized yi oksijini komoya

indawo yolwamkelo

bekulula Its ukufumana, kufuneka ukuba lashushu 1200-1300 ^{° C} ngumxube we nitrogen neoksijini. Xa iimeko laboratory, oko kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza phezu imifuniselo ezininzi:

• Indlela abasabela lobhedu-30% isisombululo nitric acid.
• Indlela abasabela ngayo chloride ferric, sodium nayitrayithi kunye zehydrochloric acid.
• Indlela oxide kunye asidi hydriodic.

isicelo

Le yenye izinto ukusuka apho nitric acid.

nitric oxide (III)

Formula - N _{2 O-3.} Kwakhona, oko kubizwa ngokuba igaya acetic kunye nitrogen sesquioxide.

izakhiwo

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo na into engamanzi ene-umbala oluhlaza, njengoko standard - igesi enemibala. oxide Pure ikhona kuphela sikarhulumente esiqinileyo.

indawo yolwamkelo

Kuye kwasekwa ngokuhlanganisa-50% ne-nitric acid kunye oxide esiluqilima trivalent iarseniki (kusenokwenzeka ukuba endaweni starch).

isicelo

Ngesi zokufunda elabhoratri walungisa oxide acid kunye neetyuwa yayo.

nitric oxide (IV)

Formula - _NO-2. Kwakhona, oko kubizwa okanye igesi initrojeni dioxide emdaka.

izakhiwo

Igama lokugqibela ingqamana enye iimpahla zazo. Emva kwale oksayidi na uhlobo igesi zibrawuni okanye zibomvu-elityheli okanye ulwelo. Yena lubonakala ngokuba reactivity eliphezulu.

indawo yolwamkelo

Le oksayidi iveliswa ngokuhlanganisa nitric acid kunye nobhedu, kwakunye nangexesha lokubhalwa yokubola wobushushu le nitrate phambili.

isicelo

Kunye uvelisa sulphuric kunye ne-nitric acid oxidized ulwelo propellant exutyiweyo iziqhushumbisi.

nitric oxide (V)

Formula - N _{2 O-5.} Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke phantsi amagama dinitrogen pentoxide, Nitrate okanye initrojeni nitroila acetic.

izakhiwo

It has ifomu ziikristale eguqukayo kwaye betsvetnyh kakhulu. Basenokuba kunyibilika kwiqondo lobushushu ka 32.3 ^C.

indawo yolwamkelo

Le oksayidi ukhandwa ngayo ezininzi:

• Emzimbeni we-nitric oxide of pentavalent phosphorus acid.
• Transmittance yeKhlorini owomileyo phezu nitrate yesilivere.
• Indlela abasabela Kwezinto Eziphelisa ne-nitric oxide tetravalent.

isicelo

Ngenxa kozinzo yayo kakhulu kwifomu yayo enyulu lisusiwe.

isiphelo

Xa chemistry, kukho ezisithoba kwenitrojeni, ezi zingasentla iikhompawundi kuphela ezaziwa nesiqalelo. Ezinye ezine - oko kukuthi, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, izinto ezingazinzanga. Noko ke, bonke bephela Simanywe omnye phawu - letyhefu eliphezulu. Ukukhutshwa kwenitrojeni emoyeni kungakhokelela ngokonakala impilo abahlala kufutshane kwiiplanti zeekhemikali mveliso abantu. mpawu ngobuthi nayiphi na kwezi zinto - nokudumba ityhefu pulmonary, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo luvo kunye nelahleko igazi, ityala apho - yokubopha mpilo. Ngoko ke oxides zenitrogen kufuneka zisingathwe ngononophelo, yaye kwiimeko ezininzi ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokhuselo.