Coal: imveliso eRashiya ehlabathini. Indawo kunye nendlela kwemigodi yamalahle

Ishishini amalahle lwemigodi yeyona ingxenye enkulu boshishino amafutha kulo. Ehlabathini lonke, ungcono nayiphi na kwinani labasebenzi kunye nemali kwezixhobo.

Yintoni lushishino amalahle

Ishishini yamalahle-imigodi kuthetha imveliso yamalahle kunye nokusebenza kwayo okwalandela. Imisebenzi zenziwa zombini phezu komhlaba.

Ukuba iidiphozithi ezihleli kubunzulu engekho ngaphezulu kwe-100 eemitha, lo msebenzi wenziwe indlela emhadini. Ukuze uphuhliso endle emigodini enzulu zisetyenziswa.

iindlela Classic kwemigodi yamalahle

Ukusebenza kwimigodi yamalahle kwaye komhlaba - iindlela eziphambili gesi bezimbiwa. Uninzi lomsebenzi eRashiya ehlabathini lwenziwa yi indlela evulekileyo. Oku kungenxa inzuzo yemali kunye nezinga eliphezulu kwimveliso.

Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ngoncedo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kususwe umaleko eliphezulu emhlabeni egubungele yasendle. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ubunzulu imisebenzi yoluntu iye kuphelela 30 ubude, ubuchwepheshe yakutshanje iye eyandisiweyo oluphindwe-3 yayo. Ukuba topsheet ithambe nezincinci, luthe lwancothulwa yi excavator. A ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze oxineneyo umhlaba ngaphambili batyumke.
• iidipozithi Coal ayikukhuthazi kususwa ngoncedo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo-mveliso kuqhubekeko oluphambili kunye.
• Abasebenzi wayibuyisela amade yendalo ukunqanda ingozi kokusingqongileyo.

Engxakini kule ndlela kukuba iidiphozithi amalahle, leyo kubunzulu nzulu, ziqulethe nezingcoliso ubumdaka kunye nezinye iintlobo.

Cleaner nomgangatho ithathwa ngokuba wamalahle geni ngeendlela komhlaba.

Eyona njongo iphambili yale ndlela kukuba ukuthutha amalahle ukusuka ezinzulwini nangakumbi kumphezulu. Ukuze wenze oku, ukudala amakhondo: adit (ethe tye) nomphini (bathanda okanye nkqo).

Imigudu kuhlangana ezizodwa beentanda zakho ngamalahle qhawulwa ze inokufakwa a yokuthutha, zisenze ukuba kumphezulu.

indlela Underground ivumela ukuba bafumane isixa esikhulu efosili, kodwa ethile ebalulekileyo: Ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nengozi abasebenzi.

iindlela ezingaqhelekanga ukufumana amalahle

Ezi ndlela iyasebenza, kodwa musa ukuba kusasazwa - ngalo mzuzu akukho iteknoloji ukuseka ngokucacileyo le nkqubo:

• Kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba. Oku geni kumgodi kubunzulu. Amalahle komphetho ibonakala kwaye zisiwe kumphezulu phantsi koxinzelelo kakhulu kwamanzi.
• Amandla zezulu zixinaniswe. Kusebenza amandla etshabalalisayo, waphakamisa, umoya zixinaniswe iphantsi koxinzelelo kakhulu.
• Vibroimpulsny. Ingaphandle kutshatyalaliswa intlokoma enamandla, akhiwa izixhobo.

Ezi iindlela ezisetyenziswa eSoviet Union, kodwa akazange abe zithandwa ngenxa mfuneko utyalo-mali olukhulu. Yaba ligcuntswana kuphela iinkampani zemigodi kuqhubeka ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingezo-zakwaNtu.

main inzuzo yabo - ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kwiindawo ezinokuba ezisongela ubomi.

iinkokheli lizwe kwemigodi yamalahle

Ngokwe-manani ze-eneji yakhupha rating of amazwe, yomxhaso indawo ephambili kwimveliso kwamalahle ehlabathini:

1. China.
2. US.
3. India.
4. Australia.
5. Indonesia.
6. Russia.
7. EMzantsi Afrika.
8. Germany.
9. Poland.
10. Kazakhstan.

Iminyaka emininzi, China kukukhokela ngokwemigaqo umthamo kwemigodi yamalahle. Kuphela 1/7 lala makhondo ezikhoyo ziyaqulunqwa eTshayina, oku kungenxa yokuba amalahle akukho kumazwe ngaphandle kweli lizwe, kunye noovimba ekhoyo iza kuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka engama-70.

US indawo endle ngokulungelelana saa kwilizwe lonke. inventri yazo baya kunika ilizwe iminyaka ubuncinane 300.

iidipozithi amalahle eNdiya esisityebi kunene, kodwa phantse umthamo lonke eveliswayo esetyenziswa kwishishini yamandla, okt. a. emithini esele ikhona mgangathweni kakhulu. Nangona isibakala sokuba India yenye zithuba phambili kweli lizwe inkqubela iindlela zokwexeshana zokufumana amalahle.

Coal reserves e Australia, ngokwanele iminyaka malunga 240. amalahle geni na umgangatho ophezulu yovavanyo, enkulu yayo ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.

E Indonesia, amandla emveliso amalahle ukhula ngonyaka ngamnye. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, uninzi yavelisa athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, eli lizwe ngoku ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni ioli, yaye ngenxa yoko nemfuno ekhulayo yokubakho namalahle ekhaya.

Russia 1/3 woovimba kwilizwe amalahle, ngoxa kodwa eqhelene onke amazwe emhlabeni.

UMzantsi Afrika unawo amandla libe phezulu kwezi zixeliweyo - kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo umgangatho yamalahle kweli lizwe banda izihlandlo 4.

Germany, Poland kunye Kazakhstan ngcembe nokunciphisa umthamo yamalahle ngenxa iindleko non-wokhuphiswano zempahla ekrwada. Uninzi amalahle ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa zasekhaya.

Iziza amalahle kwemigodi main eRashiya

Makhe uphando. yamalahle eRashiya becala umhadi evulekileyo. Le Iidipozithi saa bengaphuhlanga ngokulinganayo kulo lonke elo lizwe - uninzi lwabo ibekwe kummandla wasempumalanga.

Le Iidipozithi kakhulu amalahle eRussia:

• Kuznetsk (Kuzbass). Kubhekwa inkulu nje kuphela eRashiya kodwa ehlabathini lonke, ise-Western eSiberia. Kukho ikhutshwa phandle nokuveliswa coking wamalahle.
• Kansk-Achinsk. Apha, utsalo abathwele lignite. Le idiphozithi ibekwe ecaleni Trans-aseSiberia Railway, abahlala yinxalenye yommandla Irkutsk kunye uMmandla Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Tunguska Coal Basin. Zibonakala ngeentlobo amalahle brawuni nzima. Iquka inxalenye kummandla weRiphabliki Sakha, Region Irkutsk kunye Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Pechora amalahle isitya. Kule gesi intsimi lwenziwa amalahle coking. Imisebenzi kwenziwa emigodini, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuvelisa yamalahle ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Elise kummandla Komi Republic and District Ukuzilawula Yamal-Nenets.
• Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo amalahle isitya. Ifunyanwa kwi Upper Sayan. Amalahle inika amashishini ezikufuphi kuphela zokuhlala.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ziyaphuhliswa amasimi 5 okungakumbi ukwandisa umthamo yonyaka lwemveliso amalahle eRashiya ngu million tons 70.

Amathuba kwishishini ngamalahle

Ihlabathi sele ekhangelwe nkalwana ezininzi iidiphozithi amalahle, ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, kwezithembiso abaninzi balandela kumazwe 70. amanqanaba emveliso amalahle likhula ngokukhawuleza: zobuchwepheshe, izixhobo zaphuculwa. Ngenxa kule kwandisa inzuzo shishino.