Ukunyamezelana anayo obunjineli boomatshini

LeMetroloji - inzululwazi womlinganiselo, iindlela kunye neendlela ukuqinisekisa umanyano lwabo, kwakunye neendlela ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuchana efunekayo. into wayo ukwahlula ulwazi oluninzi malunga parameters into kunye ngokuchanekileyo kwangaphambili kunye ngqo. Le nkqubo-sikhokelo zolawulo ukuze semetroloji - nemilinganiselo. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela indlela nokumelana kunye ingena, nto leyo a sub-icandelo kwale nzululwazi.

Ingcamango interchangeability ungamalungu

In mihla izityalo iitrektara, iimoto, izixhobo umatshini kunye nezinye izixhobo akukho wenza iiyunithi kunye amashumi, amakhulu kunye amawaka. Imiqulu ezinjalo yemveliso kubalulekile ukuba ilungu ngalinye langabom okanye ibandla ebandleni kanye oluhambelana esihlalweni sakhe ngaphandle tshintsho ngemibhobho olongezelelweyo. Emva msebenzi ixesha elide kakhulu, imali eninzi nexesha elide ukuba imveliso ubunzima ayivumelekanga. Akukho shu kukuba iindawo Ukufika ibandla, avumele ukutshintshwa kwezinye ngokubanzi-injongo kunye nabo, ngaphandle kwefuthe ukusebenza yonke umatshini igqityiwe. interchangeability okunjalo iindawo, iindibano kunye neendlela ebizwa nomanyano. Le umzuzu ebaluleke kakhulu kubunjineli, it ikuvumela ukuba ugcine kuphela inxalenye eninzi ukuyila kunye nokuveliswa iinkcukacha, kodwa ixesha lwemveliso, ukongeza, kulula ukuba bayihlaziye unit ngenxa ukusebenza kwawo. Interchangeability - yinto ipropati iindibano kunye neendlela bethatha indawo zabo iimveliso ngaphandle ukhetho lwangaphambili kwaye yenze imisebenzi yayo kubalulekile, ngokungqinelana iinkcukacha.

izitho ukusukelwa

iinxalenye ezimbini, esisigxina okanye enokususwa ezihambelanayo, ukukhwela umnxeba. A ixabiso apho nokuhlangana idla ngokuba yayifana ubukhulu. Ngokomzekelo, le mingxuma ubukhulu pulley kunye ubudeki ahambelana ye kwizikhondo. Ixabiso ngalo akukho xhulumaniso, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuba ubukhulu free. Umzekelo, i-sangqa kumphandle le pulley. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe interchangeability kwamalungu yayifana ixabiso kufuneka kusoloko uphumezo ngqo. Noko ke, le unyango kunzima kakhulu kwaye kaninzi usebenze. Ngoko ke, kule ndlela inkqubo kusebenza ukulungiselela iindawo interchangeable xa kusingethwe ekuthiwa ukuchana luqikelelo. Ihlala kukuba iimeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo okanye iindawo ukuchaza ukuba nokunyamezela zobungakanani zabo, ezivumela operation nasici yamalungu kwezi yunithi. padding ezinjalo, eyenzelwe ezahlukeneyo iimeko zokusebenza, eyakhiwe indlela ethile kwangaphambili, igama layo - ". inkqubo elidityanisiweyo nokumelana kunye ingena"

Ingcamango nokunyamezelana. amanani uphawu

izinto data kubalwa ezinikiweyo kumzobo, ukusuka apho ezinxaxhileyo countdown kuthiwa ubungakanani encinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli xabiso okuvakaliswa ngemilimitha yonke. iinkcukacha Ubukhulu ukuba eneneni afunyenwe processing kuthiwa esebenzayo. Iinqobo phakathi kwezi ezintlwini, le parameter kuthiwa kumda. Kwezi, ubuninzi ukhetho - lelona ubukhulu bobungakanani inkulu, kwaye ubuncinane - kwabancinane. Umahluko - umahluko phakathi kwexabiso wesiqhelo kunye kwiindawo abekelwe. Kule imizobo, le parameter ngokuqhelekileyo zibonakaliswe ngendlela ngokwamanani kule mali wesiqhelo (qondo liphezulu echazwe apha ngasentla, kwaye uphantsi - ngezantsi).

umzekelo amangeno

Ukuba lo mzobo isetelwe ku _-0.1 ^+0.15 40, oku kuthetha ukuba ubukhulu nominal inxalenye - 40 mm, ongu - 0,15, ophantsi - -0.1. Umahluko phakathi ixabiso umda wesiqhelo kunye ubukhulu kuthiwa ukuphambuka eliphezulu, naphakathi ubuncinane - asezantsi. Lula igqitywe ngamaxabiso okwenene. Kulo mzekelo kulandela ukuba ixabiso ubukhulu ilingana ukuya ku-40 + 0.15 = 40.15 mm kunye lincinci: 40-0,1 = 39.9 mm. Umahluko phakathi umda amancinane namakhulu ubukhulu kuthiwa nokunyamezelana. Ibalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 40,15-39,9 = 0.25 mm.

Izikhewu kunye namalungu ese-

Khawucinge ngomzekelo ezithile apho nokumelana yaye ukulungele angundoqo. Masithi ukuba kufuneka ahlukane ngomngxuma 40 ^+0.1 ukunwenwa kwi shaft Isanti 40 ^-0.1 _-0.2. Oku kubonakala imeko ukuba zonke embodiments, le ubukhulu kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe umngxuma, ngoko ke xa kufuneka compound ezinjalo ukuba zenzeke abana. Lo mhlaba ubizwa ngokuba Kwiiselula, t. To. Umphini iya ukutshintsha ngokukhululekileyo lokuvula. Ukuba ubungakanani izinto 40 liya kuba _{^{+0,2 +0,15,}} ngoko phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko iya kuba ezinkulu umngxuma ubukhulu. Kulo mzekelo, oluthi kufuneka onokukuyilungiselela jikelela kwaye kuvela uphazamiseko kwi ezimbaxa.

iziphumo

Le kwizigqibo ezilandelayo inokufunyanwa le mizekelo ingasentla:

• Umsantsa ngumahluko phakathi Ubukhulu Rule yale shaft Ekungeneni xa zifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe ezinkulu kuneyokuqala. Ngesi uxhulumaniso, izinto kufuneka uphendule ngokukhululekileyo.
• Ukuphazamisa ibizwa umahluko phakathi ubungakanani ngqo emngxunyeni nesibili xa yokugqibela mkhulu kuneyokuqala. Xa oku iindawo acofiweyo.

Landing kanye ngqo neeklasi

Lihlala zahlulwe esisigxina (ashushu nayo, legkopressovaya, buthuntu, tight, tight, tight) kunye mobile (sliding, ukubaleka, intshukumo, legkohodovaya, shirokohodovaya). Sobunjineli ngoomatshini kunye nokwenza isixhobo, kukho imigaqo ethile elawula nokumelana kunye kulotywe. GOST inikeza ezithile iiklasi ukuchana ekwenziweni ohlukileyo usebenzisa lunomahluko echazwe kwi ubukhulu. Ukusuka amava siyazi ukuba iinkcukacha zendlela kunye nezithuthi lwezolimo ngaphandle nawuphi na umonakalo nemisebenzi babo kuveliswa kunye ngqo ngaphantsi kwe ngenxa lathes, lezixhobo, izithuthi. Kule meko, nokumelana lihlala kubunjineli ezineeklasi ukuchana ezahlukeneyo ezilishumi. Eyona oluchanileyo - a zokuqala ezintlanu: 1, 2, 2A, 3, 3a; ezimbini kolandelayo ukuchana medium-4 no-5; nowokugqibela abathathu ezimbi: 7, 8, no-9.

Ukuze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi udidi ukuchana kufuneka aveze inkcukacha kwi umzobo ecaleni leta, okuthetha ilizwe, faka inani ebonisa ngesimo sentlalo. Umzekelo, C4 ukumakisha kuthetha ukuba uhlobo onenombolo, iklasi 4 th; X3 - uhlobo lihamba, udidi lwesithathu. imiqondiso yedijithali kuzo zonke kulotywe odidi lwesibini ingathotyelwanga, ngenxa yokuba kakhulu. Fumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kule parameter unokuba umthamo-ezimbini incwadi reference "nokumelana kunye kokwehla '(Myagkov V. D., 1982).

inkqubo shaft iminyango

Ukunyamezelana kokwehla ngokuqhelekileyo ingqalelo njengoko iinkqubo ezimbini: umngxuma nesibili. Eyokuqala luphawulwa yokuba kuyo zonke iintlobo elinye degree okuchaneka eklasini le enobubanzi efanayo obungu. Imingxuma baye rhoqo amaxabiso nokumelana. Iintlobo etyelwe inkqubo enjalo ifunyenwe ngokutshintsha umda shaft aphambuke.

Owesibini kwezi luphawulwa yokuba zonke iintlobo abanesidanga elinye okuchaneka eklasini le enobubanzi efanayo obungu. Shaft uba nokumelana ixabiso rhoqo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo kulotywe lwenziwe ngokuguqula amaxabiso nokumelana ezivuzayo. Imingxunya kwindlela imizobo ngokuqhelekileyo zibonakaliswe yi unobumba A, nomphini - le V. unobumba Kufuphi oonobumba yabeka uphawu kweklasi nokuchaneka.

izibonelo notation

Ukuba lo mzobo lubonise "30A3", ngoko ke kuthetha ukuba umba phantsi ingqalelo into eziyimfuneko ukuze sikwazi ukusiphumeza inkqubo ngqo umngxuma wesithathu-class, ukuba kuboniswe ngokuthi "30A", ngoko kwinkqubo enye, kodwa iklasi yesibini. Ukuba ukunyamezelana kulotywe zenziwa ngokusekelwe shaft, kuyimfuneko ukuba ucacise uhlobo kubungakanani wesiqhelo. Ngokomzekelo, into ebhalwe "30V3" ingqamana inkqubo kwiklasi yesithathu okuchaneka kwenkqubo shaft.

Kwincwadi yakhe, M. A. Paley ( "nokumelana kunye kokwehla") ucacisa ukuba mingxuma siseko engineering esetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphezu kwizikhondo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ifuna tooling ngaphantsi zexabiso kunye nezixhobo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukunyanga anikwe yazala enobubanzi kule nkqubo kuzo zonke izityalo olu didi kufuna scan omnye kuphela, ngokuba ubukhulu - omnye umda isivalo. Xa inkqubo shaft ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngamnye ukugaleleka ngaphakathi eklasini enye kwakufuneka scan ezahlukileyo ityhubhu eyahlukileyo.

Nokumelana kunye kokwehla: itafile ezinxaxhileyo

Ukuze ukuchonga ukhethe kwiiklasi ukuchaneka wenza kusetyenziswe iincwadi ezizodwa reference. Ngenxa yoko, nokumelana kunye kokwehla (umzekelo table eboniswe kweli phepha) basoloko izixa ezincinane kakhulu. Ukuze ukuba abhale ezo zero elingakumbi uncwadi alathelwe ezikhundleni micrometers (kumawaka ndlela). Enye micron olungqamana 0.001 mm. Ngokubanzi kwikholam yokuqala kule theyibhile ibonisa ngobubanzi wesiqhelo, kwaye eyesibini - ukuphambuka osekuqaleni. Ezinye imiqolo ukunika amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo kulotywe zawo ezinxaxhileyo. uphawu "Plus" ecaleni eli xabiso libonisa ukuba kufuneka zongezwe nenkalo ngegama, uphawu "thabatha" - ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthabatha.

intambo

Ukunyamezelana ilingane azinamsonto ngendibaniso kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo into yokuba umsonto ihamba kuphela iprofayile zamaqela, umnyinyiva kusenokuba iintlobo engumphunga njengomqobo. Ngoko ke, i parameter engundoqo leyo kugqiba uhlobo zokwahluka, - le avareji ubukhulu. Ukunyamezelana yokumisa ubudeki kwangaphandle nangaphakathi ebekwe ukuze ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ithuba ngozipho ye misinga kunye iincopho umsonto. Iimpazamo ukunciphisa ubungakanani nomphandle wocango ubukhulu ukwandisa akayi ukunyoba kokujikeleza. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona izinto eziphambukileyo kwi kumsonto inyathelo kwaye iprofayile engile kukhokelela jamming le lokuvala.

Le nokumelana womsonto nge clearance

Avamise kakhulu ke yokwamkelwa ukulungele evakalala. Xa iikhompawundi ezifana komndilili enobubanzi elingana ubukhulu inkulu avareji kumsonto nut. Ukunxaxha athathiweyo ukubala ukusuka kumgca nkqo ukuya ezimanyeneyo profile intambo. Kuchazwa yi GOST 16093-81. Le nokumelana ngokuba sangqa nati womsonto iibholiti babelwa kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo efunekayo okuchaneka (inani elimiselweyo). Kwamkelwa series elandelayo amaxabiso ale parameter: D1 = 4, 6, 8; q2 = 4, 6, 7, 8; D1 = 4, 6, 7, 8; A2 = 4, 5, 6, 7. nokumelana hayi amiselwe ngabo. Indawo yokuhlala amasimi umsonto ubukhulu kuthelekiswa iprofayile wesiqhelo inceda ukumisela izinto ezinxaxhileyo eziphambili: nezitshixo aphezulu umphandle kunye amaxabiso asezantsi ngenxa variables zangaphakathi nuts. Ezi iparameters zixhomekeke ngqo kwi nokuchaneka kunye joint kwelizwi.

Nokumelana, indiza imilinganiselo zobugcisa

Kuba iinkcukacha nemveliso nokuqhutywa kunye neendlela kunye iseti parameters Turner kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo izixhobo yokulinganisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kumlinganiselo rough nokuqinisekiswa zobungakanani imveliso usebenzisa irula, Callipers kunye Callipers. Ukuze imilinganiselo echanileyo ngakumbi - .. Calipers, micrometers, eqhutywa, njl Yintoni na uhlelo, wonke umntu uyazi, ngoko asiyi kuhlala kuyo.

Calipers - sisixhobo elula kumlinganiselo ubukhulu kwangaphandle workpieces. Siqulathe iperi egosogoso imilenze pivot ekhwele kwicala elinye. Isekhona uhlobo spring imbi, ukuba ababonise ubukhulu efunekayo usebenzisa izikhonkwane kunye namandongomane. Loo isixhobo kancinci lula ngakumbi elula, t. To. Ugcina imali kwangaphambili.

Nutromer owawukhulula imilinganiselo zangaphakathi. Amaxesha amaninzi eqhelekileyo kunye nohlobo entwasahlobo. Izixhobo yesi sixhobo uyafana imbi. Ukuchaneka esi sixhobo 0.25 mm.

Imbi - isixhobo ngqo ngakumbi. Bayakwazi umlinganiselo zombini iindawo zangaphandle kunye zangaphakathi workpieces. Turner xa usebenza nomnye umatshini usebenzisa imilinganiselo imbi ukujula ukususa okanye boning izitulo. Esi sixhobo yokulinganisa iquka lentonga iziqu kunye iziponji, kwaye umda kwisibini yesibini imihlathi. Ngenxa isakhelo Screw itshixiwe kwi intonga kwi sikhundla oyifunayo. ukuchaneka Ukulinganiswa ka-0,02 mm.

SHTANGENGLUBINOMER - Le fowuni ilungiselelwe yokulinganisa ubunzulu vee kunye emathambekeni. Ukongeza, i-sixhobo likuvumela ukuba ukujonga indawo olululo izitulo kunye ngobude kwizikhondo. Icebo le fowuni uyafana imbi.

Micrometers isicelo ukujonga ngokuchanileyo ubukhulu, ubukhulu kunye nobude workpiece. Bunika Countdown i elikufutshane 0,01 mm. Le into elilinganiselweyo amalungiselelo phakathi iqhosha lemenyu micrometer kunye isithende esingatshintshiyo, ulawulo lwenziwa yi kokutshintsha igubu.

Nutromery akhonze kumlinganiselo echanekileyo imiphezulu zangaphakathi. Kukho iyalungiswa ngokuhambisa izixhobo. Ezi zixhobo iintonga umlinganiselo tips ibhola. Umgama phakathi kwabo ekwafanekisa le ubukhulu sichazwa ngokuthi kuvulwe. imilinganiselo Range Nutromer zenza 54-63 mm, ukuba iintloko ezininzi kumiselwa ubukhulu kunye 1500 mm.