Cornelius Vanderbilt: iifoto, engobomi, ucaphulo, amazwi

Ukuba ulandelela imbali yazo zonke iinqununu ezinkulu, ezibizwa ngokuba "yimali endala", ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo umthombo weenzuzo zokuqala uya kuba ngumntu onemigaqo yokuziphatha engathandabuzekiyo, kodwa ngeentlungu ezinkulu. Kwaye oku kusebenza nakweyiphi na inkosana, iinkosi kunye nabasenethi. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula imbali yasekhaya, nangona kungekudala ukuqonda: kwiminyaka eyikhulu inzala yabantu abenza i-fortune kuma-90 ekhulwini lokugqibela, ukuba abanalo izihloko, baya kuba ngabantu abahloniphekileyo kuwo onke amazwekazi. Ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, inkunzi-mali iya kwandiswa. Ngamanye amaxesha inzala ixutywa nje ixosha i-state. Kwenzeke ngelifa lomntu othobileyo waseMelika.

Igama likaKornelius Vanderbilt e-US liyaziwa wonke umntu, imisebenzi yakhe ifakiwe kwiincwadi zezoqoqosho, igama lakhe lixhatshazwa ngabaqeqeshi kunye nootitshala beendlela zokukhula kobuqu. Kodwa ibali lakhe kunye nembali yendlu yakhe iphelela kwonyana wakhe. Oku akusikho i-billionaire ephuphayo.

Intsapho yaseVan der Bilt

UKorneli wayengumntwana wesine kwintsapho, igama lakhe lizwakala ngathi uKornelius Vanderbilt Jr., igama lakhe linikwe ngokuhlonipha uyise. Indawo yokuzalwa yayiyifama yasekhaya, kwenzeka ngoMeyi 1794. Njengabo bonke abantu baseMerika, uVan der Bilta bebefuduka befuna ukuhlala ubomi babo kwizinga elimkelekileyo. Akukho mntu waphupha ngezigidi. Kuhle kwaye unomsebenzi omningi ukuxhasa intsapho kwaye ufumane ukuguga okudala-mhlawumbi oku bekukuphela kokushukumisela imali kwiintsapho. Inzuliso kaVanderbilt yayinokuqala yenziwe ngamathathu: Van der Bilt. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, izikhala zacitywa, kwaye igama lafumana ukuxuba kokubhaliweyo nangokubhala.

Uyise wengomso wexesha elizayo wathola ipulazi encinci, ukuqesha umsebenzi kwichweba. Ekuqondeni kwakhe, ulwandle, ubomi bomngxuma ngumthwalo onzima kakhulu, apho kukho umsebenzi ongcolileyo kunye nemvuzo encinane. Waphefumlela le ngcamango kwindodana yakhe yesine, kodwa le nkwenkwana yaqonda yonke into ngendlela yakhe. Kwimpilo yamanzi yolwandle kwakuthetha inkululeko, ubutyebi kunye namathuba angenamkhawulo. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, eyaziwa ngumsindo, uCornelius Vanderbilt waphupha ukuyeka esikolweni ngo-11, ukuze enze into yakhe. Kwaye wawashiya iindonga, kodwa akazange afinyelele ichweba ngokukhawuleza, de kube yiminyaka eyi-16 ubudala wayesebenza kwifama yeentsapho. Kodwa nangona wayefuna ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, akayi kuphumelela. Ibhizinisi lakhe lokuqala kunye nehlazo, wahlela kwiindonga zesikolo.

Amava okuqala okuthengisa kunye ne-blackmail

Ngaphambi kokuba ulandele izigidi zokuqala, uKornelius Vanderbilt wabonisa umlingiswa ohlazolayo, okhungayo kunye nobunzima ekuxazululeni iingxaki. Icala laso lisezindongeni zeziko lemfundo, apho i-grinder-money grinder yaqonda ukufundwa nokubhala.

Ootitshala kwisikolo sendawo abazange bahluke kubasebenzi abanzi abajikelezayo, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukubhala, ukufunda nokubala. Olunye uluhlu lwe "ziqhamo" lwaluqhelekileyo, kwaye utywala lugxotha umgca wokuqala. Ukuqaphela emva kokutya kwesinye isiqhwala komnye wabafundisi bakhe, uKorneli wanquma ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka kwaye wanikela njengonyango lwe-vodka yombona yemvelaphi engathandekiyo. Ewe, wayefanelekile imali. Utitshala akazange akwazi ukumelana nokuvuma "kumsindisi" kwisono sakhe, ingakumbi ukususela ekukhutshweni kotywala kwakungabizi ngaphezu kwazo zonke izalathisi ezijikelezayo.

Kuze kube nini le ntshukumo yokuhlala, iimbali zithe cwaka, kodwa ngolunye usuku umfundisi ongekhohlakele wagqiba ukuphuma kwizandla zomfundi. Le yilapho i-shark yoshishino ivulekele khona: UCornelius Vanderbilt uthe uya kuxelela ibali elipheleleyo kwinqununu yesikolo kunye nabo bonke abantu abazungezile abaxhomekeke kulolo titshala. UTom wayefanele anikezele ngokukhawuleza. Imbali ekugqibeleni yaba yinto ecacileyo, i-scandal enkulu yaqubuka, ootitshala baxoshwa ngokuthotywa, uKorneli wahamba.

Kamva, wathi: "Ukuba ndandichitha ixesha lokufunda, andizange ndifumane nantoni na." Esi simo sengqondo esikolweni sidibanisa naye kubo bonke ubutyebi bobutsha bexesha lokukhungula eMelika.

Ibhizinisi kwiibhaksi ezili-10

UVanderbilt uKorneli ubonakalisa ngokufutshane malunga nendlela yokufumana imali kunye nendawo yokufumana imbewu yembewu. Wabuza abazali bakhe iidola ezili-10 ukuthenga isikebhe. Isixa samafama sikhulu kakhulu, kwaye ubaba akazange akwazi ukugqiba kwisinyathelo esinjalo, ngokukodwa ukuba sasikhathalele ichweba nayo yonke into edibene nayo. Kodwa unina wayesazi kakuhle unyana wakhe kwaye wakhetha ukunika isicelo sakhe, kodwa kunye nemeko yokuba kufuneka aqale ukusebenza epulazini. Ukufumana i-capital capital-up-up, uKorneli wafuneka afume kakhulu ekhaya: ukutsala amatye, ukumba umhlaba, ukutshala izityalo kunye njalo-njalo kunomsebenzi omningi emhlabeni. Emva kokuba azalisekise zonke izithembiso, wamkela kumama wakhe ukugcina imali.

Isikhephe sokuqala

Ngaphandle kokulibazisa ityala kwibhokisi elikude kwaye lingabandakanyekanga, umkhumbi oneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo oneminyaka elinesibini ubudala uye waya kuthenga umkhombe. Le nqanawa yayinamandla, ayigcinwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa umthetheli wayezimisele ukuba ngumphathiswa omkhulu kwiindawo zasechwebeni zaseNew York. Ukhuphiswano lwezothutho lwabahlali ukusuka kolunye unxweme ukuya kwelinye lwalukhulu, yindlela ephela yokufumana kwenye indawo yeso sixeko ukuya kwenye. Abaninzi baqalisa ukuhamba ngeendlela eziliqela ngemini, iteksi ejikelezayo yalwa nomgibeli ngamnye kunye nendawo phantsi kwelanga phakathi kwabo. UKornelius Vanderbilt wayemncinci, kwaye, ngokubhekiselele kuma-cabmen anamava, ukuhlangabezana naye kwakunzima.

Ngexesha lokuqala, umkhombe wakhe wazama ukucima ubusuku bonke. Ukufumanisa oko kwakungalunganga, uVanderbilt waqaphela ukuba umgca wawuphosa esi sikhephe. Intukuthelo yayinkulu, kwikhosi yahamba, yafunga. Uxinzelelo olubi lwenza icala lakhe - laqala ukuloyika. Ukuvuselela ukwesaba kubachasi babo bekuncedwe ngokukhula okukhulu kweemitha ezimbini, umhoxo onamathanga kunye nesitokisi samagama angabhalwanga kunye nemibonakalo ebonisa ngokucacileyo inzuzo kwimpikiswano.

Emva kwesiganeko sokuqala, ukhuphiswano aluzange luphephe, kodwa lo mfana ufumana "imvume yokuhlala." Kwamanye amaxesha amaninzi uya kufuneka asombulule iingxaki ngale ndlela, kodwa ke umlando wenziwa phantsi kwegama likaCornelius Vanderbilt. I-biography ye-tycoon igcwele iimfazwe, i-intentricity, inkohlakalo kunye nokukwazi ukufezekisa iinjongo.

Ukulahla okucwangcisiweyo

Ngethuba elifutshane, eqonda ukuba akunakunceda ukudlala ngemithetho jikelele kwaye ayikwazi ukwenza imali ngokukhawuleza, uCornelius Vanderbilt wadala imithetho yakhe. Inqanawa enegama elithi "Fleet", ngokubhekiselele kumahemuhemu, ayizange igcinwe iminyango kwaye isongele ukucima yonke iminithi, kodwa ke abagibeli basebenzise iinkonzo zakhe. Iidola ezintathu ngomntu ngamnye - kwakufanelekile ukufudukela ngaphesheya kweNew York, kwaye abaninzi bathatha yonke into. UVanderbilt unciphise i-dollar enye idola, kwaye i-passenger traffic yanda ngamanye amaxesha. Abo babefuna ukuwela umlambo baqala ukulwa nendawo ekhombeni lakhe kwaye bekulungele ukuhlala kwelinye icala ukuze bafumane imali.

Kwiinyanga ezililishumi elinesibini emva koko, uKorneli wanika unina ishumi iidola, waza wongezelela imali yentsapho kwiwaka. Umoya owadalwa nguye phakathi kwababathwali abazange bathathe inxaxheba ekuqondeni ngokuvisisana, ixabiso liye linciphiswe ngumntu wonke, umntu wonakaliswe. Ufuna ukulahla konke okuphezulu. Imfazwe yayiyinto eqhubekayo yeVanderbilt, isilulumagama sigcwaliswe ngenxa yemigangatho yolwandle kunye nomtya okhethiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, uKornelius Vanderbilt wathola imali yokwandisa ishishini lakhe.

Flotilla yokuqala

Emva kokuthenga iinqanawa ezininzi, uVanderbilt wathatha iqela ukuze azimelane naye: wonke umntu wafunga, wayesazi ukuba asongele umncintiswano ngokukhangela okukhulu, enegama eliqinileyo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye nesibindi sakhe. I-flotilla encinci yayisebenza ngokusemthethweni, ukulahla uThixo, yayiza kuba yinto yonke. Kodwa ngonyaka 1812-1815. Kukho ukulwa phakathi kweNgilani neMelika. UK. Vanderbilt, ukukhusela iinqanawa kunye nobomi, ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwezilwandle, ngoku nje ukuqhuba izixhobo kunye nempahla yomkhosi.

Imisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempi yayingenasikhulu, kwaye uKorneli wayelungule iskimu esicacisayo: wathenga iimpahla ezidumile kwinxalenye enye yaseNew York waza wabathengisa kwenye. I-Gesheft yokubuya kwakhona, wacinga ukuba yayiyi-spin-off, kodwa emva koko, injongo ephambili yayiyinzuzo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba le shishini yayisungulwe kakuhle. Kancinci, wathenga zonke iindlela ezithandayo zabathwali kwaye phantse waba ngumntu oyedwa. Kuthatha iminyaka esixhenxe. Waba ngumphathi wendlela yokuthumela unxweme, omnye wababoneleli abahamba phambili, abafumana igama elithi uMlawuli, basindise amawaka angamawaka elineshumi, kodwa ... ixesha lezabelo zafika.

UCaptain

Ngokukhawuleza uCornelius Vanderbilt wavavanya amathemba okuhamba, kwaye emva kokuqonda, wanquma ukwenza ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuze uphumelele, wayefuna ulwazi malunga neenqana ezintsha kunye nezakhono zabo. Njengendoda engayikunyamezela izigqibo zentliziyo-ntliziyo, uthengisa iinqwelo zakhe zonke kwaye uqeshelwe ngumphathi wamanqanawa ahamba ngeenqanawa uTombert Gibbons kunye nomvuzo weedola eziliwaka ngonyaka. Ngelo xesha, watshata nentombazana enesizotha evela kwifama eselumelwane, uSophia Johnson.

I-steamboat Gibbons phantsi kolawulo lukaCaptain Vanderbilt ngenzantya zenza iindiza ezivela eNew York ukuya eNew Jersey. Imithwalo yeenqwelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nabagibeli bahanjiswa. Emva kokufunda zonke iinkcukacha zobuninzi be-steamer kunye nezoshishino ezinkulu iminyaka emininzi, uKornelius Vanderbilt waqinisekisa iGibheon ukwakha inqanawa entsha.

I-Era entsha yezoshishino

UVanderbilt utyalole kwinqanawa yakhe entsha zonke iindlela zakhe kwaye ngokwakhe wenza le projekthi. Isitsha esitsha saqanjwa ngokuthi nguBellona, kunye noVanderbilt Cornelius, njengenkokheli yeshishini, evuselela indlela yakhe yokuqhuba ishishini-waqala ukulahla. Ukuhamba kweendleko eBelonne kwakuyi-$ 1 kuphela, eyayiphindwe kabini ngaphantsi kunabo bonke abanye abathwali.

Abakhuphisanayo, emacaleni abo umthetho, babemgweba ngamanye amaxesha, abaphathi beza kumphathi, kodwa ngalinye ixesha wayebaleka. Kwathethwa ukuba kukho iikhabhi ezifihlakeleyo emkhombeni, apho kuphela uMlawuli owaziyo, kwaye ngoko ululaka kalula kwi-Themis. Ukuphumelela isikhundla esiphezulu kwishishini, wayeziphatha njengomhlaseli kunye neengcuka ezikhupha umncintiswano wakhe, ukuba kunjalo, njengoko kufanelekile kumntu ogama linguCornelius Vanderbilt.

Kwakhona wasungula elinye ishishini: wathenga ihotele encinci nge-tavern ebhankini lomlambo, apho uluntu oluhloniphekileyo lungaphila kulindeleke ukuba lugxobhoze umnqweno kwaye luthande ukuchitha ixesha. Umnini wasemthethweni nguye umfazi wakhe. Oku kwaqhubeka de 1829. Amashumi amathathu engama-dollar asele sele eqokelelwe ephaketheni lakhe, kodwa wayenomdla, le K. Vanderbilt, izigidi zokuqala zityhala phezu kwabasemagunyeni. Kwakuyixesha lokuqalisa umdlalo omkhulu.

Ukwenqaba njengendlela yokufumana imali

UCornelius Vanderbilt ungumntu osomashishini omkhulu, kwaye yacaca ngexesha lombutho wokuqala wedwa. Yeha umnqweno wokuqalisa ishishini lakhe ngaphandle komhlobo, uthengisa isigxina sakhe eNew Jersey kwaye uya eNew York. Umfazi wayengafuni ukutshintsha indawo yokuhlala, kodwa intloko yentsapho yamkholisa ngendlela enqabileyo: akazange avumelane nesigqibo sakhe ngeenyanga ezimbini endlwini.

Ukubuyela eNew York, useka inkampani yokuqhuma kunye nokujongana neshishini eliqhelekileyo: ukuthutha iimpahla kunye nabagibeli, kodwa ukuhamba kwimizuzu engama-12 kuphela.

I-steamer iyagijima phakathi kweNew York nePiccilli, kule ndlela ngeli xesha iVanderbilt yabonakala, kwakukho umntu owayengumongameli. Yaye yaxoshwa ngaphandle kweemarike. Emva koko waqala ukhuphiswano kunye noMbutho we-Hudson River, usebenzisa i-artillery enamandla - akazange athathe imali yohambo. Kodwa abagibeli abangenalwazi babelindile ngokugqithiseleyo kwinqanaba elikhululekile: iindleko zokutya neziphuzo ebhodini zahluthwa ngamaxesha amaninzi, okwenza ukuba i-Vanderbilt ilahleke imidlalo. Umbutho weRubber Rebel Association wanikezela: eli lixesha lokuqala lokuba inkampani ibuze umphathiswa wabucala ukuba acime imisebenzi yakhe. Njengembuyekezo, yanikwa ikhulu lamawaka eedola kunye namawaka amahlanu eedola ngonyaka ngamnye iminyaka elishumi. Kwaye uMlawuli wavuma!

I-First Million

UVanderbilt udlulisela imisebenzi yayo kwaye athatha abagibeli ukuya eBoston, eLong Island nasezidolobheni zaseConnecticut. Iintyatyambo zoshishino, ngeminyaka engamashumi amane uKornelili uqokelele i-fortune yesiqingatha sezigidigidi zeedola, kodwa ukomelezwa kwemali akonelelwanga. Intsapho yafuduka kwakhona, ngoku i-Long Island. Ukulahla ngokuqhubekayo, uMlawuli uhlala kumncintiswano, ufumana isinxephezelo, kwaye ngowe-1846 ubukhulu bakhe bobuchwephesha buhamba kuzo zonke iidolophu ezinkulu zaseMelika. Kulo nyaka unyaka uVanderbilt wathola iigidi zokuqala kwishishini lokuthumela.

Canama Canal

Ngowe-1848, iCalifornia yafumanisa idiphozi zegolide, kwaye omnye umkhuhlane wagijima eMelika. Indlela elula ukufikelela kwiPanama, imbono yokumba umnqanawa wawungewona mtsha, kodwa uVanderbilt wayengowokuqala ukuqaphela imbono yalo mbono. Hayi, kwakungekho izixhobo zobuchwepheshe okwaneleyo, kwaye uCornelius wanquma ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba kwabaxhamli ngendlela yakhe. Emva kokuvumelana no rhu lumente waseNicaragua, waququzelela i-charter aircraft, ngenxa yokuba abafuna ukufumana inzuzo ngokukhawuleza babekwe kwindawo ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba bahambisane nabalingane babo abasebenza kwezinye iinkampani. Unyaka ngamnye, ukuthuthwa kwabagibeli kwazisa uMlawuli omnye kwisigidi semali engenayo.

Ingcamango yokubeka iPanama Canal ayizange ishiywe nguVanderbilt. Ukuphinda uthengise yonke ishishini, uKorneli wangena ekukhangela amaqabane. Ngoko inkampani yasePanama I-Accessory Transit Co. yasungulwa.

Ubomi bodwa

Ngomhla wokuzalwa kweminyaka engamashumi omathandathu, iintloko zentsapho yaseVanderbilt zahamba ngeenqanawa zazo zihamba ngeYurophu. Inqanawa yayibizwa ngokuthi "iNyakatho yeNkanyezi", ukuyila kunye nokuyila kwayo yenziwa ngabanye nguKornelius Vanderbilt. I-yacht yesithombe ngokuzonwabisa eprintiweyo kwi-press. Ingcamango ye-millionaire yayisecacile, kwaye yonke into eyayikhathalela impahla yakhe yaba yintlonelo, imemeza i-luxury. Ukutshitshisa uluntu, uMlawuli wayemthanda kakhulu, ngobuso obunzima, ekhumbuza abanye, apho avela khona "ebantwini" kunye nawaphi amanqanaba afundayo. Amaphephancwadi zala maxesha wayedla ngathendlebe naye, kwelinye lawo wathi: "Yonke into endiyidla ngayo ngemali, ukuveliswa kweendlela ezintsha zokuzenza akuzange ndishiye ixesha lokufunda."

Kwakungabonakali nje indlu yakhe kwiStenen Island, eyakhiwe nazo zonke iimfuno ze-tycoon. Kwakungumxube wokumangalisa weendlela ezihlukeneyo, zineentlobo ezintathu, imeko leyo yayixabisa kakhulu kwaye ayinakulungiswa ekuyiyileni. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yento yobugcisa ekhaya yayiyimifanekiso kunye nesayineli "uCornelius Vanderbilt." Isithunzi somnxeba sasisoloko sinyatheliswa kumajelo elo xesha.

I sitroon

Ngowe-1853, intsapho yaseVanderbilt yahamba, kwakukho ikhefu lokuqala lokuhlala ixesha likaKorneliyo. Ukulawula imicimbi yenkampani ye-Accessory Trans Co., washiya ababini bakhe abaqili, abathi, ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga, bathatha isigxina esilawulayo. Umsindo kaMlawuli wenziwa ngumnxeba: "Madoda! Wazama ukunyenga. Andiyi kukumangalela ngenxa yokuba imoto yompempe ithambe kakhulu. Ndiya kukutshabalalisa. Ngentlonelo enzulu, uCornelius Vanderbilt. " Njengoko wathetha, ngoko wenza-inzuzo evela kwimfazwe yobutyebi bakhe abuya ngo-kathathu. Ulingo lwadlulayo iminyaka emininzi, uKornelius Vanderbilt wawina. Iingxelo ze-tycoon ezibhekiswe kuThemis kunye nabangaphambili abasebenzi babecatshulwe ngokubanzi kumaphephandaba.

Ngesinye isikhathi, xa ehamba ngomzila, uMlawuli waqaphela ukuba ukuhamba komhlaba kwakukhuselekile kwaye kungabizi, kwaye ithemba lokuphuhliswa kweli shishini lithembisa inzuzo enkulu. I-Vanderbilt iphinda ithengise ishishini layo yonke kwaye ithenge umzila ongenakunceda ngelo xesha - iHarlem.

Ukuthenga imigca ezimfutshane yesebe kunye noninzi lwezinto nezinye iinkampani, wasebenza phezu yokudityaniswa kunye ukuzuza. Utyalo-mali kuphuhliso, wakwazi ukuba amasebe ezincinane elide umzila kaloliwe. Ngenxa yoko kwasekwa Central New York Railroad. Inkqubo ngendlela eqhelekileyo - ngokunciphisa amaxabiso yokuhamba, Cornelius Vanderbilt ngokukhawuleza uba umnini bakwaloliwe ezimbini inde kwaye inzuzo - Harlem naseNew York. Ngeli xesha, yena lukhuphiswano onzima, okusenza kuphela pepper ubomi. Kulo nyaka emihlanu-ibonwe kaloliwe Vanderbilt kwimizila kaloliwe abanjwa isiqingatha Melika, iindleko amatikiti koololiwe yalo ngaphantsi abanye.

ziindlalifa

Xa tycoon wayenabantwana 11, abane kubo - amakhwenkwe. ngenxa yemfundo yabo e la mantombazana Ngu abazange banikele ingqalelo uyise - abayi kunxiba ifani yakhe emva komtshato, kwaye kufuneka ishishini losapho ukuba idluliselwe unyana wakhe ukuba uza kuqhubeka. Kubo oonyana ethembisayo, naxa ubomi eyaziwayo misebenzi zemali kayise uWilliam Vanderbilt. Ke yena wavuka phantse zonke imo kuKorneli: 90 ezigidi zeerandi. Imali iyonke zelifa Le yayiyimeko inkulu of America ngelo xesha - million 102 zeerandi. I-12 million ezishiyekileyo zanikwa phakathi zesisa kunye nabanye abantwana.

Enoba ubani ucinga ngaye bexesha lakhe kunye nenzala, umsebenzi wakhe waba ngabom okanye engaqondanga njengoko kuphuhliso lwelizwe, nokuba injongo ephambili yaba ingeniso, kodwa loo liselikho UKorneli Vanderbilt. Quotes ezivela ingxoxo yakhe waya phezu iincwadi, yaye abaninzi baye mantras ukuba ngoosomashishini. Kodwa yayibaluleke kumsebenzi we tycoon lwalunjani uhlobo nobuchule esisuka kwi "zilunyulwe imali bebonke."