Cultural Anthropology: into yokufunda kunye nesakhiwo

Le uqeqesho yenzululwazi ayikwazi kuba ngokukhethekileyo ngokufanelekileyo kuba ngendaba ngokwayo ayikho ezizodwa uphando yayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho ukutolikwa mihla yokufundwa yenkcubeko kubonwa ngendlela ebanzi elimxinwa.

Ngengqiqo ebanzi, olu qeqesho lihlola ukusebenza kwabantu abaninzi kunye neentlanga, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo inkcubeko, uphawu ukuba aba bantu. Ngale ndlela, oko akufuneki mazingabhidaniswa yabantu, nto leyo njengoko leyona into usebenzisa iipropati psychophysical ikakhulu ngokubanzi uluntu. Ukufundwa yenkcubeko, leyo lifunda wabonakala ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu ukusuka kwindawo ngenxa yolamlo ngayo uhlanga loluntu ngemvelo, yahlukile yokufundwa bulumko.

Ngengqiqo emxinwa, le uqeqesho abamelwe yokufundwa zentlalo, njengoko kwakugxininiswe substantive uphando baye kalukhuni efanayo. Bobabini ufundisisa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ezahlukeneyo amaziko zasekuhlaleni ezikhoyo kubomi kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye noluntu ekuhlaleni.

Lo isenokuba yinto yokuba yokufundwa zentlalo nenkcubeko kufuneka izixhobo methodological ezifanayo njengobungqina le ithisisi. Basebenzisa iindlela uphando, ngaphandle kwabo, lisetyenziswa ezinye ezentlalo - ezizwe, imbali, isosioloji, ngezengqondo yobuhlanga, amanani kunye nezinye.

Eneneni Ukufundwa kwanenkcubeko nokulungisa le misebenzi cognitive:

- nenkcazelo amasiko, izithethe, ulwimi, yokucinga nokuziphatha iipateni ezizwe ezahlukeneyo;

- isifundo utyekelo yophuhliso impefumlelwano iindawo zenkcubeko, kunye nabantu abahlala kuzo;

- ingqalelo imiba enxulumene isifundo kweekhrayitheriya ungubani abantu kunye noluntu iyantlukwano yenkcubeko namhlanje;

- isifundo sisiqalo yamaziko nezenkcubeko abantu ezahlukeneyo kwaye uthelekiso wabo isithuba-time ledayimenshini;

- ukuqonda ngcono inkcubeko yabantu babo okanye ekuhlaleni kwindawo yayo iyantlukwano yenkcubeko;

- isifundo uhlobo, iindlela kunye ezibonisa ifuthe nesenzeko lenkcubeko yabantu malunga nokumiselwa Outlook ngamnye labantu;

- isifundo uhlobo Eyona nto yenkcubeko nobuhlanga kuzo zonke iinkalo zalo ziphikisana.

Kufuneka igxininiswe into yokuba eli siko yenzululwazi yasentshona, ibinzana elithi 'yokufundwa kuhlanganiswa kwenkcubeko "nako evakalayo ngakumbi ziwuphose, kwinqanaba self-mfundiso, eyafakwa phantsi iinkcazelo ze" culturalism "," isikolo zembali ", ababhali kunye nababhekisi phambili abaqaphela FR Boas, E. Sapir, A. Kroeber, R. Benedict, M. Herskovits. Kuba le mfundiso luphawulwa nesenzeko ezichazayo nokuthelekisa nenkcubeko yabantu ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo ngenjongo yokuthelekisa. Methodologically kokuba isonjululwe ngokuqokelela ulwazi lwenzululwazi efanelekileyo kubomi babantu (yoluntu), ukuhlelwa yayo, amaqela ngeenxa zonke ezinye uphawu ephambili nokuphawula imiba lubalaseleyo. Ngenxa yoku le ndlela yenzululwazi, inkcubeko kuba, njengoko kunjalo isiseko echaza ukusinda nayiphi na uhlanga okanye uluntu.

Njengendlela yokuziqeqesha yenzululwazi, le meko zibandakanya:

- uyaphika kabukhali ngendaleko ngokubanzi kunye nohlobo lophuhliso nenkcubeko yabantu kwi ethile;

- endawathetha ngalo yenkcubeko - umnqweno ukuvavanya ifuthe lenkcubeko ngenxa lwamaxabiso nemiqathango yale nenkcubeko;

- ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ingxaki intsebenziswano "kwabantu - nenkcubeko", apho indima asithatyathwa kwi lonke uluntu olungqonge;

- reducibility zonke nesenzeko amasiko ingqibelelo ethile, nto leyo evumela ngaphandle kobunzima ukuchonga abantu kweejini lwenkcubeko kwaye uthelekise ngayo nabanye.

Ngoko ke, lo uqeqesho zeendawana entsonkothileyo apho ukuntsonkotha umiselwa ubuninzi iindlela ukwahlulwa kwisifundo sophando, kunye neyantlukwano iindlela zokufumana ulwazi. Kubonakala ukuba yokufundwa yenkcubeko liphonononga uluhlu olubanzi lwemiba.